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      • 독일 연방헌법 개정의 시사점 : 절차적 측면에서

        박혜진 한국의회학회 2019 한국의회학회보 Vol.4 No.1

        독일 연방헌법은 개정시 연방의회와 연방참사원의 가중다수결만 요구할 뿐, 국민투표와 같은 직접민주주의적 절차는 도입하고 있지 않은 연성헌법으로 제정 이후 총 60차례나 개정되었지만, 연방의회에 헌법개정안이 제출되기 이 전 단계에서 국회를 중심으로 공론의 장을 마련하여 충실하게 개정안이 형성 되었다. 그러나, 우리의 경우 거의 최초로 헌법상 절차를 준수하였고 국민의 민주화 에 대한 열망에서 비롯되어 여야간 합의에 의해 이루어진 제9차 개헌도 국 민의 참여가 배제되고 헌법개정의 주도세력이 극히 제한되었다는 점에서 한 계를 갖는다. 현행 헌법에 대한 개정논의는 이전과 달리 정치적 격변기나 비상사태 하에 서의 논의가 아니라 헌법규범이 정상적으로 작동되고 있는 상황 하에서의 논 의라는 점에서 앞으로의 개헌이 국민적 정당성을 가지기 위해서는 헌법개정 안 형성과정이 민주적이고 개방적이어야 하며, 국회는 다양한 의견들을 발전 적으로 조직하고 충분히 정리함으로써 가장 민주적이면서도 효율적인 방식으 로 개헌논의를 이끌어야 할 것이다. Germany's Federal Constitution is a flexible constitution. It amended a total of 60 times. However, careful discussion with the Parliament through the center of this constitutional amendment has been formed. In our case, it is very difficult to amend Constitution. Especially agreement over 2/3 in the National Assembly and referendum are required. But, we the People of Korea have been always excluded from the conversation about the new constitutions. Through compromise or pact between political elites were decided almost all. Revised discussion on the current Constitution is a situation in which the constitutional norms to be operating normally. Therefore, for the justification of the amendment, the step to discuss what to change before the proposal should be democratic and open. And the National Assembly should organize the various opinions in the most democratic and efficient manner and lead a discussion about the new constitution.

      • KCI등재

        동상의 한의치료에 대한 국내외 임상 연구 동향 분석: 주제범위 문헌고찰

        박혜진,전현준,손소은,김용,최정화,박수연,정민영,김종한 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2025 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.38 No.1

        Objective : Frostbite occurs due to prolonged exposure to extreme cold, leading to skin and tissue damage. It often results in sensory deficits, motor impairment and chronic pain. Conventional treatments such as rapid rewarming, antibiotics and physical therapy, show limited effectiveness in severe cases. Moreover, some individuals are unwilling to pursue surgical options. Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM), including acupuncture, moxibustion and herbal medicine, offers alternative treatments, but their efficacy has not been comprehensively evaluated. This review aims to examine global research on TKM treatments for frostbite, highlighting trends, techniques and research gaps to inform clinical practice and future studies. Methods : Using the Arksey and O'Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, a systematic search was conducted across nine databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE and CNKI. Studies on TKM-based frostbite treatments were analyzed for study design, intervention methods, outcomes and areas for further research. The ROBINS-I tool was employed to evaluate bias. Results : A total of 18 studies were reviewed, mostly before-after studies(11 studies, 61.1%) and non-randomized controlled trial(4 studies, 22.2%). Common treatments included acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal remedies and external preparations. Positive outcomes were frequently reported, but limitations in sample size and study design reduced the overall quality of evidence. High risk of bias was noted in the majority of studies. Conclusion: TKM shows potential as an effective frostbite treatment. However, the lack of high-quality randomized trials limits robust conclusions. Future research should focus on larger sample sizes and improved study designs to strengthen evidence for TKM interventions.

      • 대중매체를 활용한 영어 문법 교육이 중학교 학습자의 문법 학습 효과 및 정의적 측면에 미치는 영향

        박혜진 이화여자대학교 교육대학원 2005 이화교육논총 Vol.15 No.-

        The ultimate aim of English education is to develop communication competence which includes not only language fluency but also language accuracy. The 7th curriculum, as student-centered curriculum for the expansion of autonomy and creativity, focuses not only on the ability to communicate but on balanced growth in fluency and accuracy. However, mechanical and passive grammar instruction centered on explanation and memorization causes that leaners are not interested in the class, even though they recognize an importance of the grammar learning. The 7th curriculum, therefore, emphasizes the importance of maximazing the use of activities and experience that simulate authentic communication within the classroom which help develop simultaneously both fluency and accuracy. It also recommends that multimedia and visual tools be used appropriately for the educator needs the creativity and skill to effectively lead his/her class. Moreover, for it is imperative that the learner's interest and motivation is encouraged despite uninterest and boredness easily felt toward the study of grammar, various classroom activities should be utilized to encourage autonomic methods of teaming English grammar. This study looks at the ways of developing grammar instruction methods which junior high students may take interest to and applies these methods to classroom. It also takes a look at how effective the instruction methods using massmedia tools are, and how to utilize them. For this study, an experiment was conducted where 70 out of 140 grade 9 students(experimental group) were taught English grammar using massmedia tools in 12 classes and the rest(control group) were in a class which focused on textbook explanations for the same time period. The main results of the experiment are as follow. Firstly, the experimental group had significantly better grades in grammar than students in the control group, meaning that the massmedia tools were in fact effective. Also, the degree of enhancement in grades within the experimental group were higher than those in the control group, meaning that the massmidea tools had positive effects on the students. Particularly, lower-proficiency students in the experimental group had better results than others. Secondly, it was found, through a questionnaire on the affective aspects toward the class methods on both groups, that even though there was no meaningful statistical rise in intel-est, confidence, or motivation toward teaming of grammar, the experimental group's answers reflected generally more positive attitude toward the class. Thirdly, analysing further questionnaires and interviewing students in both groups, it was found that the students much preferred the class with various massmedia tools and said that they acquired renewed interest and confidence toward English grammar. Furthermore, researchers' and teachers' observational diary on the experimental and control group show the difference in the level of participation in the two classes, which shows the experimental group exhibited interest during class where was the control group found the grammar explanation difficult to follow and had apparently lost interest. As the above study results suggest, the use of massmedia in English grammar instruction is effective and productive in promoting learning of grammar and affective aspects for English learning. further, if massmedia is used in whole language teaching by applying them to the teaching of reading, writing, listening and speaking, they can make major contributions ta the ultimate aim of English instruction to enhance communication skill and cultivating advanced intellectual ability.

      • KCI등재

        신생아 패혈증에서 Cytokine치들의 의의

        박혜진,김소연,이준화,최은진,김진경,김상경*,정혜리,김우택 대한소아청소년과학회 2004 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.47 No.5

        Purpose:Maternal premature rupture of membrane(PROM) over 24 hours is a risk factor in neonatal sepsis and a main cause of administration to neonatal intensive care unit. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines were studied to diagnose and treat early in newborn infants with sepsis and with a history of maternal PROM. Methods:Interleukin-1β(IL-1β), Interleukin-6(IL-6), Interleukin-8(IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) were checked using ELISA kits in neonatal infants who were admitted to the Catholic University of Daegu from May, 2002 to Feb, 2003. We divided them into three sets of groups; sepsis group(n=26), PROM group(n=20), and control group(n=24). Results:Levels of IL-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α in the sepsis group were all significantly statistically different from the PROM and the control group, but there was no significant difference between the PROM group and the control group. Levels of IL-6 in the sepsis, the PROM, and the control group were all significantly statistically different from each other. Conclusion:Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in the sepsis group increased but only levels of IL-6 in the PROM group increased. Thus we can use cytokines as a marker of neonatal sepsis, especially, in neonatal infants with a history of maternal PROM. 목 적 : 산모의 양막 파수는 신생아 패혈증의 중요한 위험인자로서 예방적 항생제 치료를 위한 신생아 입원 치료의 많은 비중을 차지하고 있다. 신생아 패혈증 환아, 산모의 양막 파수가 있는 경우의 신생아 및 정상아에서 사이토카인 혈중 농도를 측정 비교함으로써 신생아 패혈증의 조기 진단과 치료에 도움을 주고자 본 연구를 시행하였다.방 법 : 2002년 5월 1일부터 2003년 2월 28일까지 10개월간 대구가톨릭대학병원 신생아 집중치료실에 입원하여 패혈증으로 진단 받은 26례(패혈증군), 출생 전 24시간 이상 산모의 조기 양막 파수가 있었던 환아 중 패혈증으로 진단 받지 않은 20례(양수파수군)와 건강한 신생아 24명(대조군)을 대상으로 혈중 IL- 1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α 농도를 ELISA kit로 측정하였다.

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