한국인의 여가행복지수 개발 및 적용

윤소영,박두용 여가문화학회 2014 여가학연구 Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study was to establish scope of new happiness index through developing and applying a basic frame for developing new 'leisure happiness index' that will contribute to improvement in happiness level through leisure, and to examine about a plan available for enhancing happiness level through leisure. As a plan for calculating Koreans' leisure happiness index, the indicator of developing leisure happiness index was formed through organizing indicator. It was progressed by applying it to research available for suggesting happiness through leisure after forming questionnaire of a research on development in leisure happiness index based on the organized indicator. The research subjects were 1583 people in 17 cities and provinces. Data were collected by dividing it into online and offline method. As for data analysis of this study, each item in minor category was standardized with 10-point perfection by sphere for calculating leisure happiness index through dividing the collected questionnaires of 1,583 people by class. The mean value by minor category was calculated with value in each item of moderate category. It calculated the mean value in each item of moderate category with the value in major category and then calculated by multiplying each weight in 5 major categories. To calculate Koreans' leisure happiness index, it calculated with 5 spheres in leisure condition index, leisure resource index, leisure participation index, leisure career index, leisure attitude index and satisfaction index, which correspond to the sphere of major category. As a result of this study, first, Koreans' leisure happiness index stood at 4.8 points out of 10-point perfection, thereby having shown a little lower score than moderate. Second, the leisure participation index stood at 5.6 points, thereby having been indicated to be the highest. The leisure attitude and satisfaction index stood at 5.4 points. Thus, participation and attitude toward leisure were indicated to be higher than moderate score. Third, it was shown to be leisure resource index with 5.2 points and leisure condition index with 4.1 points. Finally, the leisure career index stood at 3.3 points, thereby having been elicited as the lowest score. Overall, Koreans' leisure happiness index was indicated to be moderate score. The leisure participation index is the highest. The leisure career index is the lowest. Hence, there will be a need of being arranged national policy and of being formed social environment that can enhance happiness through continuity of joining leisure. 본 연구에서는 여가를 통한 행복수준 향상에 기여할 새로운‘여가행복지수’개발을 위한 기본 틀의 개발 및 적용을 통해 새로운 행복지수의 범위 설정하고, 여가를 통해 행복수준을 향상시킬 수 있는 방안에 대해 알아보고자 하였으며, 한국인의 여가행복지수를 산출하기 위한 방안으로서 지표의 구성을 통하여 여가행복지수개발 지표를 구성하였다. 구성된 지표를 토대로 여가행복지수개발 연구의 설문지를 구성하여 여가를 통한 행복감을 제시할 수 있는 연구에 적용하여 진행하였다. 연구대상은 17개 시·도 1583명을 대상으로 온라인과 오프라인방법으로 나누어서 자료를 수집하였으며, 본 연구의 자료분석은 수집된 1,583명의 설문지를 계층별 분류를 통하여 여가행복지수 산출을 위한 영역별로 소분류에서의 각 항목 별 10점 만점으로 표준화 하여 소분류별 평균값을 중분류 각 항목의 값으로 산출하였으며, 중분류 각 항목의 평균값을 대분류의 값으로 산출 후 5개의 대분류에 각각의 가중치를 곱하여 산출하였다. 한국인의 여가행복지수를 산출하기 위하여 대분류 영역인 여가여건지수, 여가자원지수, 여가참여지수, 여가경력지수, 여가태도 및 만족도 지수의 5개 영역으로 산출하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 한국인의 여가행복지수는 10점 만점에 4.8점으로서 중간보다 조금 낮은 점수를 나타냈으며, 둘째, 여가참여지수가 5.6점으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 여가태도 및 만족도지수도 5.4점으로 여가에 대한 참여와 태도가 중간점수보다 높게 나타났다, 셋째, 여가자원지수가 5.2점, 여가여건지수가 4.1점으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 여가경력지수가 3.3점으로 가장 낮은 점수로 도출되었다. 전체적으로 한국인의 여가행복지수는 중간점수로 나타났으며, 여가참여지수가 가장 높으며, 여가경력지수가 가장 떨어지므로 여가의 참여를 통한 지속성을 통해서 행복감을 향상시킬 수 있는 국가적 정책마련과 사회적 환경이 조성되어야 할 것이다.

동북아 4개 국가의 행복지수 비교

김상욱,몽수려 한국동북아경제학회 2022 동북아경제연구 Vol.34 No.1

This paper analyzes the change of happiness level in Northeast Asian four countries, Korea, Japan, China and Russia from 1990 to 2020. On the base of previous research, to estimate the national level happiness index, this paper modified the previous happiness index. This happiness index simultaneously considers the subject aspect and the object aspect. In particular, we mixed the subjective index and the objective index in three level index, and improved the methodology. This paper uses the WVS data to estimate the subjective happiness index. The result finds that Korea and Japan more higher than China and Russia in happiness index. Especially, from the dynamic change of the happiness index, Korea and Japan reveals the inversed U type, China and Russia reveals U type. This result explain that the happiness level of Korea and Japan gradually decreased in recent, but China and Russia gradually increased. This trend more remarkable in subjective happiness index. In wave 7 period, the subjective happiness index of China most high. But the objective happiness index of Korea and China decreased, Japan and Russia on the contrary increased. The result of this paper similar the Easterlin paradox, because the PPP per capita GDP of Korea and China already exceeded forty thousand dollars in wave 7 period, the income level is high, and the income level of China and Russia relatively low, be the left side of the inversed U type, Easterlin paradox.

The Effects of the art of convergence Program targeting Seniors on their Loneliness, Well-being, Happiness Index, and Quality of Life

Han, Sook-hyun 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2024 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.14 No.6

Comparison of Chinese Regional Happiness Index -The Case of 31 regions-

김상욱,이나 한국동북아경제학회 2018 동북아경제연구 Vol.30 No.3

This study establish the happiness index, try to analyze the regional happiness level, and compare to the regional happiness index level in China. The research of the happiness index is the theoretical advancement, to develop the regional economic development theory, to improve the limit of GDP, that is oriented to the quantity approach. This paper’s happiness index consist of the four first-level index, includes economic welfare, health life, education opportunity, and environmental sanitation. Each first level index include three second-level index. And we use AHP method test the weight consistency. To compare the annual change, we set time period from 2008 to 2016. The result shows that Beijing municipality, Shanghai municipality, Zhejiang province, and Tianjin municipality has respectively high level happiness index, and the higher regional economic development level, the higher happiness index level. And we find that the difference of happiness index bigger than the regional economic development level, it means that the regional economic development policy have to consider the happiness of the regional residents.

특성화고, 마이스터고, 일반고의 교사 행복지수 비교

이찬주,송낙현,강철민,유병구 대한공업교육학회 2022 대한공업교육학회지 Vol.47 No.1

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data necessary for establishing teacher policies to increase the happiness of teachers by high school type. The research problem for this is to analyze the happiness index of high school teachers and the difference in the happiness index of teachers by high school type. The questionnaire was used as a research tool to solve the research problem. The questionnaire was developed through literature research and review by five experts. The survey was distributed and collected online to specialized high school, Meister High School, and general high school teachers, and 553 copies collected were analyzed. The research results are as follows. First, the general happiness index of high school teachers was 74.79 points, and the happiness index of high school teachers reflecting the weight was 75.68 points on average. Second, Meister High School had the highest happiness index of teachers by high school type with 75.54 points, followed by 73.00 points for general high school and 71.58 points for specialized high school, which is judged to be relatively less happy. In addition, as a result of verifying differences by area, there were statistically significant differences in goal-seeking and growth efforts, belonging and contribution areas, teaching conditions, growth support, cooperative school culture, autonomous school culture, and stability and protection areas. 본 연구의 목적은 고등학교 유형별 교사의 행복감을 높이기 위한 교사 정책 수립에 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하는 데 있다. 이를 위한 연구 문제는 고등학교 교사 행복지수 분석, 고등학교 유형별 교사 행복지수 차이를 분석하는 것이다. 연구 문제 해결을 위한 조사 도구로 설문지를 활용하였다. 설문지는 문헌 연구 및 5명의 전문가 검토를 통하여 개발하였다. 설문 조사는 특성화고, 마이스터고, 일반고 교사를 대상으로 온라인으로 배부 및 수집하였고, 수집된 553부를 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고등학교 교사의 일반 행복지수는 74.79점이고, 가중치를 반영한 고등학교 교사 행복지수는 평균 75.68점으로 나타났다. 둘째, 고등학교 유형별 교사의 일반 행복지수는 마이스터고가 75.54점으로 가장 높았고, 일반고가 73.00점, 특성화고가 71.58점으로 확인되어 상대적으로 특성화고 교사가 행복감을 덜 느끼고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 영역별 차이검증을 통해 확인한 결과 교사 개인 요인 중 목표추구 및 성장노력, 소속감 및 기여도 영역, 교사 환경 요인 중 수업여건, 성장지원, 협력적 학교문화, 자율적 학교문화, 교권의 안정과 보호 영역에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

임상치과위생사의 행복지수에 영향을 미치는 요인

민희홍 ( Hee Hong Min ) 한국치위생학회 2015 한국치위생학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of happiness index in dental hygienists. This study can be used to improve the quality of life and the turnover intention in the dental hygienists. Methods: The subjects were 281 dental hygienists in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Chungcheong province. A self-reported questionnaire was completed by the subjects. The questionnaire consisted of 7 questions of general characteristics of the subjects, 7 questions of dental hygiene performance, and 9 questions of happiness index. The instrument for happiness index was modified from Suh and Koo. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.850 in the happiness index measure by Likert 7 scale. The instrument for professionalism was modified from Baek and consisted of 25 questions measure by Likert 5 scale. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.694 in the professionalism. The instrument for turnover intention was modified from Lee and consisted of 5 questions measured by Likert 5 scale. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.712 in turnover intention. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. for one way ANOVA, Duncan posthoc test, Pearson correlation coefficients and hierarchical regression. Results: The means of happiness index, professionalism and turnover intention of subjects were 4.44, 3.06 and 3.05, respectively. The happiness index was higher in those who are married(4.66), those who have high income, and those who have careers in dental hygienists(4.61). There were significant differences in the happiness index by the average daily working hours, place of treatment, work intensity and off duty hours. Conclusions: This study suggests that improvement of the happiness index in clinical dental hygienists requires the continuing and systematic education program and administrative support that can reduce the turnover intention.

행복추구경향에 따른 행복지수와 스트레스상황 대처반응과의 관계

윤정빈 ( Yun Jeong-been ),신경민 ( Shin Kyoung-min ) 전북대학교 사회과학연구소 2017 지역과 세계 Vol.41 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate how related to happiness index and stressful situations coping reaction according to orientations to happiness. The participants in this study were 111 Korean adults aged 20 to 60 years. Data was analyzed using frequency analyse, Cronbach`s alpha, independent samples t-test analyses, ANOVA analyses, Pearson`s correlation, stepwise multiple regression analyses. The results were as follows: 1) In happiness index, there were no significant differences in gender and education level, but there were significants differences in age, marriage and religion. 2) In orientations to happiness, happiness index of the participants were related to pursuit of meaning and pursuit of engagement. In stressful situation coping reaction, happiness index of the participants were related to task coping and emotion coping. 3) In orientations to happiness, there were significants differences in pursuit of meaning and pursuit of engagement between 33.3 percent of high group and 33.3 percent of low group according to happiness index. In stressful situation coping reaction, there were significants differences in task coping and emotion coping between 33.3 percent of high group and 33.3 percent of low group according to happiness index. 4) These results indicated that pursuit of meaning, married people, task coping and emotion coping had influence on the happiness index of Korean adults. Finally, it discussed some implications and suggested some limits of this study and follow up study.

농촌지역 특성을 고려한 행복지수 개발방안 연구

배웅규(Bae, Woong-Kyoo),김동용(Kim, Dong-Yong),윤용우(Yun, Yong-Woo),정동섭(Jeong, Dong-Seop) 한국도시설계학회 2013 도시설계 : 한국도시설계학회지 Vol.14 No.5

본 연구는 농촌지역의 특성을 반영한 ‘행복지수’를 개발하고 주민들의 행복을 측정하여 분석하였다. 기존 행복지수에 관련한 연구는 국가 및 대도시 단위에 집중되어 있었으나 본 연구에서는 기초지자체의 군민들을 대상으로 하였다. 먼저 문헌연구를 통해 ‘행복’과 ‘행복지수’를 정의하고, 기존 행복지수 지표를 조사 분석하여 ‘행복’을 크게 객관적 측면과 주관적 측면 두 가지로 분류하였다. 물리적이고 객관적 측면의 행복은 ‘객관적 행복수지’로, 인간의 주관적 측면은 ‘주관적 행복지수’라고 정의하고 조사 분석하였다. ‘객관적 행복지수’는 공식 통계자료를 활용하여 해당지역의 기반시설 및 물리적 환경을 분석하였으며, ‘주관적 행복지수’는 설문조사를 통하여 지역주민이 개인적으로 체감하는 행복에 대한 만족감을 조사하였다. 농촌지역의 행복지수 결과를 “2011서울서베이 행복지수”와 동일한 항목으로 비교분석 하였으며, 지차체의 읍면별 분석을 통하여 주민들의 행복의 정도를 판단하였다. 마지막으로 각 지역의 ‘객관적 행복지수’와 ‘주관적 행복지수’를 비교할 경우 모든 지역의 ‘객관적 행복지수’와 ‘주관적 행복지수’가 정비례하지 않았으며 행정에서의 지원이 높다고 할지라도 주민들의 행복감은 비례하지만은 않았다. The purpose of this study is to develop ‘happiness index’ reflecting the characteristics of rural areas and measure the happiness of the residents living in those areas. In this study, the research has been conducted in the residents of lower level local government while the other existing studies on ‘happiness index’ have focused exclusively by countries and large urban cities. First of all, “happiness” has been classified into two sides; objective and subjective. The objective side of human has been defined and analyzed as ‘happiness index’ and the physical and subjective side of happiness as a ‘base condition’. For ‘base condition’, the base facilities and physical condition have been analyzed using the official statistical data, and for ‘happiness index’, a survey has been conducted to study the satisfaction that the local residents individually feel. Lastly, when comparing ‘base condition’ and ‘happiness index’ of each region, not every region’s ‘base condition’ and ‘happiness index’ were directly proportional to each other and even in the areas where they had high administrative support, the happiness of the residents was not exactly proportional.

중국의 도시별 행복지수의 비교 -34개 도시를 대상으로-

김상욱 ( Kim Sangwook ) 한중사회과학학회 2019 한중사회과학연구 Vol.17 No.3

This study establish the happiness index, try to analyze the urban happiness level, and compare to the 34 urban happiness index level in China. The research of the happiness index is the theoretical advancement, to develop the urban economic development theory, to improve the limit of GDP, that is oriented to the quantity approach. The urban happiness index consist of the four first-level index, includes economic welfare, health life, education opportunity, and environmental sanitation. Each first level index include three second-level index. And we use AHP method test the weight consistency. To compare the annual change, we set time period from 2012 to 2016. The result shows that Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Tianjin has respectively high level happiness index, and the higher urban economic development level, the higher happiness index level.

브랜드 행복지수 개발에 관한 연구 -자동차 브랜드를 중심으로

류주연 ( Ju-youn Ryoo ),유창조 ( Chang-jo Yoo ) 한국소비자학회 2015 소비자학연구 Vol.26 No.6

브랜드가 소비자로 하여금 행복감을 향상시킬 수 있음을 밝히고 각 브랜드별로 소비자의 행복에 대한 영향력을 비교할 수 있는 틀을 만들어 관리 가능함을 밝히기 위하여 본 연구는 시작되었다. 심층면접, 사전조사, 그리고 본조사의 세 가지 단계를 거쳐 브랜드 행복지수(brand happiness index, BHI)를 개발하였으며, 심층면접 결과 소비자들이 브랜드와 관련지어 느끼는 행복감은 심리적 가치, 긍정적 정서, 그리고 부정적 정서로 이루어졌음을 발견하였다. 이는 삶에 대한 행복의 연구와 연관지어(Diener 1984; Diener et al. 1999) 브랜드를 구매하고 경험하는 과정을 통하여 소비자가 느끼는 행복감을 감정적 가치와 심리적 가치로 구분한 것인데, 심리적 가치와 긍정적 정서는 행복감에 정(+)의 영향을 미치게 되고 부정적 정서는 행복감에 부(-)의 영향을 미치게 된다. 구체적으로 심리적 가치는 성취감, 소속감, 우월감, 윤리성 등으로 구성되고, 긍정적 정서는 따뜻함, 신기함, 흥분 등으로 이루어졌으며, 부정적 정서는 무기력, 식상함, 화남 등 총 10개의 요인으로 정리할 수 있다. 사전조사 단계에서는 4가지 노트북 컴퓨터 브랜드 사용자 141명을 대상으로 하여 브랜드별로 브랜드 행복지수에 차이가 있음을 확인하고 측정항목을 정제하였다. 본조사는 국내의 9개 자동차 브랜드에 대하여 총 1,350명을 대상으로 닐슨코리아에 의뢰하여 온라인 조사로 실시하였다. 확인적 요인분석 등을 통하여 브랜드 행복지수 산정에 있어 타당성과 신뢰성을 검증한 후 10개 요인의 브랜드 행복에 대한 표준화 회귀계수로 브랜드 행복지수의 가중치를 산정하였고 공식을 통하여 각 브랜드별 행복지수를 산출하였다. 브랜드별로 살펴보면 QM5의 브랜드 행복지수가 가장 높았으며 이후 K3, K5, SM5가 상위를 차지하고 있다. 반면에 SM3와 아반떼, 쏘나타는 상대적으로 낮은 지수를 보였으며 분산분석결과 QM5의 브랜드 행복지수가 SM3나 아반떼, 쏘나타 브랜드의 행복지수보다 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 차급별 비교 결과를 보면 SUV급 브랜드 행복지수가 준중형급 행복지수보다 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 준중형급과 SUV급은 동일 차급 내에서도 브랜드별로 유의미한 차이가 발견되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 소비자가 브랜드를 통하여 얻게 되는 행복감을 심리적 가치와 정서적 크기로 지수화하여 관리할 수 있다는 점, 세부 브랜드별로 소비자에게 영향을 미치는 브랜드 행복의 차이를 측정할 수 있다는 점 등을 반영하여 학문적, 실무적 의의를 찾을 수 있다. This study focused on identifying relationship between brands and consumers`` happiness and developing brand happiness index(BHI) to compare the influences on consumers`` happiness among each brands. We developed BHI through depth interview, pretest using lap top computer brands, and online survey using automobile brands. Depth interviews showed that consumers`` happiness aroused by brands consisted of 3 categories; psychological values, positive emotions, and negative emotions. We related the results to the literature on studies about happiness by dividing consumers`` happiness into psychological values and emotional values. Psychological values and positive emotions affect consumers`` happiness positively but negative emotions affect consumers`` happiness negatively. 10 sub factors were founded in three categories of brand happiness index; achievement, sense of belonging, superiority, and ethics for psychological values, warmth, marvelous, and excitement for positive emotions, and helplessness, boredom, and angry for negative emotions. After developing, testing, and refining of variables for BHI scales through pretest using 141 respondents of lap top computer brands, we implemented online survey to confirm BHI scales based on 1,350 respondents for 9 automobile brands. To estimate each auto brands`` BHI we used weighted value of standardized regression coefficients on happiness. Results showed that QM5 had highest BHI and K3, K5, and SM5 also had relatively high BHI. SM3, AVANTE, and SONATA had relatively low level of BHI. The results of comparing BHI based on automobile categories showed that BHI of SUV was significantly higher than BHI of compact car and that each brands`` BHI also significantly different within SUV and compact car categories. This implicated that consumers`` happiness induced by brands can be managed through BHI which includes psychological values and emotional values and that it``s possible to estimate the differences in brand happiness of each brands that affect consumers.