Google Map과 WAMIS 자료를 이용한 직접유출/기저유출 분리 시스템의 개발

임경재 ( Lim Kyoung Jae ),박윤식 ( Park Younshik ),김종건 ( Kim Jonggun ),허성구 ( Heo Sung Gu ),신용철 ( Shin Yongchul ),유동선 ( Yoo Dong Sun ),김기성 ( Kim Ki-sung ),최중대 ( Choi Joongdae ) 한국농공학회 2007 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2007 No.-

The Geographic Information System has been widely used in every aspect of our lives. Many attempts have been made using freely available Google Map API, which provides various GIS and other functionalities with high-resolution satellite images all over the world. These high resolution data by the Google Map is very efficient in locating target area of interest compared with vector dataset. Therefore, the Google Map was used to develop Web GIS interface in locating the gaging station in Korea. The Web-based Hydrograph Analysis Tool (WHAT) was enhanced using the Google Map interface in this study. The Google Map interface was linked to the WAMIS web site for automatic retrieval of daily flow data for automatic baseflow separation Also, the Google Map WHAT interfaces were extended for 48 states in the US (http://www.EnvSys. co.kr/~what, http://cobweb.ecn.purdue.edu/~what/WHAT_GOOGLE). The biggest advantage of using the Google Map interface is that system developers do not need to install Web GIS system on the server, which is sometimes either expensive or heavy for the server. Also, numerous Google Map API can be integrated into the system with minor modifications, enabling very cost-effective Web GIS application. The easy-to-use Google Map interface WHAT system can be efficiently used in calibrating and validating hydrologic and water quality models. The Korea Department of Environment water quality data will be linked to the WHAT system for automatic analysis of water quality trends and pollutant loads characteristics.

GPS NMEA기반의 Google MAP용 API설계 및 웹페이지 매핑

강민구 ( Kang Mingoo ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2011 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.12 No.2

본 논문에서는 스마트 폰에서 위치인식기반의 LBS서비스를 위해 GPS 수신모듈에서 NMEA(National Marine Electronics Association)의 문장을 분석하고, GPS 수신기에서 NMEA의 위치정보를 웹 서버로 전송하기 위한 파서를 설계한다. 또한, 구글지도(Google Map)의 API규격에 따라 GPS 수신기의 위치좌표 값을 XML파일로 변환하는 구글 지도용 API를 설계한다. 본 논문의 결과로 스마트폰의 GPS 수신기는 NMEA 문장과 구글 지도용 API의 연동방안과 웹 서버가 구글 지도용 좌표값의 매핑(Mapping)을 통해 이동체의 위치와 GPS 수신기의 이동경로를 확인할 수 있는 실시간 위치정보 서비스가 가능한 센서 웹 서비스를 구현할 수 있다. In this paper, NMEA based Parser programming for Smart-phone was designed at a GPS receiver. The design scheme for Map API and sensor web services was designed according to the Google Map API standards that the position values of NMEA sentences were changed due to XML files. As a result of interfaces between GPS NMEA sentences of Smart-phone and Google Map API, it is possible that real time visual positioning sensor web services about the Google Map mapping from a GPS receiver could be worked on web sever.

1:1000 수치지도와 연계된 Google Earth 영상 지도

엄정섭(Jung-Sup Um) 경북대학교 사회과학연구원 2008 사회과학 담론과 정책 Vol.1 No.-

본 논문에서는 Google Earth와 1:1000 수치지도를 연계한 영상지도를 활용하여 대학 캠퍼스의 투수면을 감시할 수 있는 개념을 제안하고자 한다. 캠퍼스에서 건물, 도로 등 불투수면의 증가로 인한 자연경관의 훼손 등 각종 현안에 대한 해결책을 강구하는 데 있어 대상지역의 공간적인 특성과 자연환경에 대한 거시적인 평가와 분석이 선행되어야 한다. Google Earth 영상과 수치지도를 결합함으로서 거시적인 차원에서 캠퍼스의 투수경관을 감시할 수 있는 영상지도가 제작되었다. 61cm 공간해상도의 Google Earth 영상은 화단, 침엽수, 활엽수, 잔디 등 세부적인 투수면의 유형을 보여주었으며 수치지도는 도로, 건물, 주차장 등 캠퍼스 전체의 불투수면에 영향을 미치는 주요변수를 제시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 대학 캠퍼스에서 투수면을 감시하기 위해 Google Earth 영상지도의 타당성을 검증하는 중요한 참고자료가 될 수 있을 것이다. This research is primarily intended to propose a new concept for image map of pervious coverage using Google Earth and 1:1000 scale digital map. Solutions of many landscape problems depend on area-wide assessment and interpretation of spatial and physical characteristics over the study area. An operational, user-friendly image map system has been produced by combining Google Earth with digital map. In particular, integration among satellite data and digital maps takes advantage of each component, and enables the pervious landscape structure to be visualized, interacted with and deployed simultaneously. The 61cm resolution of Quickbird data realistically identified the major type of pervious surface by large scale spatial precision while the digital map revealed successfully the area-wide impervious parameters such as road, building and parking lots in the study area. It is anticipated that this research output could be used as a valuable reference to confirm the potential of Google Earth image map in monitoring the pervious coverage in university campus.

UAV 운용을 위한 Tablet PC 기반의 Google map 연동 GCS 개발 및 시험

이종민,이병진,한정화,이영재,성상경 한국항공우주학회 2012 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.11

본 논문은 Google map 과 연동하는 tablet PC 기반의 무인항공기 Ground Control System(GCS) 개발에 관한 연구이다. 기존에는 GCS 의 디바이스로 노트북이 많이 사용되었지만 tablet PC 가 갖는 높은 휴대성과 터치 기능의 장점을 활용하기 위해 tablet PC 기반의 GCS 를 개발하게 되었다. 또한, 무인항공기의 위치를 실제 Google map 을 통하여 다운받은 사진 위에 디스플레이 함으로써 무인항공기의 목표 지점과 경로, 이동 궤적을 직관적으로 쉽게 이해할 수 있게 되었다. 추가적으로 Flight Control System(FCS)에 탑재되어 있는 Webcam 을 통한 영상 데이터의 디스플레이를 구성하였다. 마지막으로 구성된 GCS 를 지상 테스트를 통하여 성능을 검증하였다. This paper is a research of development using a tablet PC-based GCS interworking with Google map. Until recently, most of GCS has been operated by notebook as a device. But tablet PC has highly portability and touch function. In order to use these advantages, we started development using tablet PC-based GCS. We can easily understand about aiming point and path of UAV as plotting position of UAV above a satellite picture downloaded from Google map. Additionally, we composed display image data using webcam loaded on FCS. Finally, we verify function of GCS by ground test.

구글 스트리트뷰와 개인정보 보호법

이주연(Lee, Ju-Yoen) 한국정보법학회 2012 정보법학 Vol.16 No.3

구글 스트리트뷰는 개인정보 보호법의 적용대상이며, 구글은 개인정보처리자로서 개인정보 보호법에 따른 제반 의무를 준수하여야 한다. 스트리트뷰 서비스를 위한 구글의 일반적인 개인정보의 수집과 이용은 개인정보 보호법 제15조 제1항 제6호의 이익형량조항에 근거하여 정당화될 수 있을 것이다. 다만, 민감정보의 수집과 이용의 경우는 개인정보 보호법 위반의 소지를 안고 있다. 우리나라 개인정보 보호법의 모델인 EU 개인정보 보호지침에 따라 자국의 정보보호법을 입법한 EU 회원국들은 구글 스트리트뷰의 정당성을 이익형량조항에서 구하고 있고, 불가피한 정보보호법 위반의 회색지대를 구글에 대해 추가적인 개인정보 보호장치를 마련할 것을 요구 것으로 메우고 있다. 최근 스위스 연방대법원의 판결 역시 동일한 흐름에 있다. Google Street View is subject to the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA) of Korea, and Google, as a “personal information manager” as designated in the act, is obligated to abide by PIPA. In processing of non-sensitive personal information, Google Street View can be justified based on the balancing provision, the Article 15 (1) 6. of PIPA. Regarding processing of sensitive personal information, however, controversy may arise over whether Google Street View has infringed PIPA. PIPA of Korea is modeled after the EU Data Protection Directive which is the foundation of the data protection acts of the member states of the European Union. European data protection acts provide a basis for justification of Google Street View in the balancing provision. However, there still remains an inevitable grey area of non-compliance with the data protection acts, and thus, several national authorities have required Google to take extra safeguards to protect personal data. The recent decision of the Swiss Federal Supreme Court is also in line with this trend.

GIS Database and Google Map of the Population at Risk of Cholangiocarcinoma in Mueang Yang District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province of Thailand

Kaewpitoon, Soraya J,Rujirakul, Ratana,Joosiri, Apinya,Jantakate, Sirinun,Sangkudloa, Amnat,Kaewthani, Sarochinee,Chimplee, Kanokporn,Khemplila, Kritsakorn,Kaewpitoon, Natthawut Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.3

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a serious problem in Thailand, particularly in the northeastern and northern regions. Database of population at risk are need required for monitoring, surveillance, home health care, and home visit. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a geographic information system (GIS) database and Google map of the population at risk of CCA in Mueang Yang district, Nakhon Ratchasima province, northeastern Thailand during June to October 2015. Populations at risk were screened using the Korat CCA verbal screening test (KCVST). Software included Microsoft Excel, ArcGIS, and Google Maps. The secondary data included the point of villages, sub-district boundaries, district boundaries, point of hospital in Mueang Yang district, used for created the spatial databese. The populations at risk for CCA and opisthorchiasis were used to create an arttribute database. Data were tranfered to WGS84 UTM ZONE 48. After the conversion, all of the data were imported into Google Earth using online web pages www.earthpoint.us. Some 222 from a 4,800 population at risk for CCA constituted a high risk group. Geo-visual display available at following www.google.com/maps/d/u/0/edit?mid=zPxtcHv_iDLo.kvPpxl5mAs90&hl=th. Geo-visual display 5 layers including: layer 1, village location and number of the population at risk for CCA; layer 2, sub-district health promotion hospital in Mueang Yang district and number of opisthorchiasis; layer 3, sub-district district and the number of population at risk for CCA; layer 4, district hospital and the number of population at risk for CCA and number of opisthorchiasis; and layer 5, district and the number of population at risk for CCA and number of opisthorchiasis. This GIS database and Google map production process is suitable for further monitoring, surveillance, and home health care for CCA sufferers.

API Fusion Tables and Google Maps Integration for GIS Thematic Mapping Visualization

Risma Ekawati,Suharjito 보안공학연구지원센터(IJSEIA) 2016 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.10 No.2

There are many methods that can be used to develop a Geographic Information System (GIS) as a representation of the data visualization on a digital map. One alternative that can be used is by using the Google service pack: Fusion Tables and Maps. This research described the development of a prototype for the visualization of GIS to web-based thematic map that was integrated with Google services. The proposed prototype features the upload and conversion of data from excel file XLS and XLSX format into Fusion Tables and displayed the data in a bar chart to explain the map of the area with different color degradation. This research also indicated that the results of upload process and data conversion can be carried out quicker than XLS excel file format as well as a high success rate of the process of merging two tables in Fusion Tables. This indicated that this concept can be implemented on a real thematic digital map system. Therefore, the proposed prototype in this article can be used to facilitate publication in the form of thematic maps on the data owned by the government or companies with using integrated GIS system efficiently. The final results of this research as shown by thematic map visualization systems were able to facilitate data analysis and assist in making decisions.

A Real-Time GPS Vehicle Tracking System Displayed on a Google-Map-Based Website

Prawat Chaiprapa,Supaporn Kiattisin,Adisorn Leelasantitham 대한전자공학회 2009 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2009 No.7

This paper proposes a real-time vehicle tracking system using a global positioning system (GPS) technology module to receive the location of the vehicle, to forward into microcontroller and to connect internet by a general packet radio service (GPRS) technology for displaying a real time on the website map developed by Google Map which allows inspection of vehicles at all times. There are 3 parts of this project. The first part is a program developed in C language for controlling the hardware. Employing PHP and AJAX language will be developed for the Google Map API to help a map construction on the website. The second part is the hardware, there are the GPS and GPRS modules, the GPS module will locate the vehicles via the satellite, and the GPRS module will assemble all data and send it to the website by the microcontroller. The final part is the interface using RS232 for connecting between the GPS and GPRS modules. With the Google Map on a real-time website, vehicles can be monitored and located very effectively. This includes paths and/or vehicles directions. However, the small error is at approximately 5 meters in the wrong location due to the limitation of hardware and the ratio of map reference.

디자인 변경에 대한 경쟁법 규제와 구글쇼핑 사건

이황 법무부 2020 선진상사법률연구 Vol.- No.90

우리나라 전자상거래 및 인터넷 검색시장은 2000년대초 모바일 혁명 이래 역동적으로 움직이고 있는데, 글로벌 디지털 시장에서는 장기독점화 현상도 함께 나타나고 있어 경쟁정책상 우려를 낳는다. 디지털 시장의 집중현상이 반경쟁적 행위에 따른 것이라면 경쟁법상 대응이 절실하고, 이를 위하여 경쟁과정 뿐 아니라 시장질서와 구조를 주시할 필요가 있다. 반면 시장질서와 구조가 동태적인 경우에는 일응 문제가 없다고 생각할 여지가 있다. 사업자가 새롭고 혁신적인 제품을 생산 및 판매할 수 있는 것은 당연하지만, 기존 제품의 디자인을 변경(product design changes)하는데 그치는 경우에는 경쟁법상 문제가 제기될 수 있다. 미국 판례는 대체로 상당한 기술적 개선이 동반되는 ‘진정한 디자인 변경’은 당연합법으로 취급하고, 개선이 사소한 수준이면 경쟁제한효과 여부를 분석하여 위법성 여부를 판단하고 있다. 개선효과가 애매한 경우에도 위법성을 쉽게 인정하지 않지만, 마이크로소프트 사건에서는 경쟁관련 효과를 균형있게 분석하기도 하였다. 이러한 판례경향에 대하여 학계는 대체로 긍정적이지만, New Brandeis School은 거대 IT기업들에 대하여 적극적 독점금지법 집행을 주장하면서 디자인 변경에 대하여도 합리원칙을 적용하자는 주장을 하여 주목된다. 유럽에서는 디자인 변경에 대해 적극적으로 논의하지 않지만, 대체로 미국의 논의를 따르는 것으로 보인다. 인터넷 검색시장에서 독점사업자의 디자인 변경이 문제된 구글 쇼핑 사건에 대하여, 미국 FTC는 2013년 구글의 디자인 변경이 소비자에게 편익을 제공하는 것으로 ‘상당한 개선’을 가져왔고 이는 ‘장점에 의한 경쟁수단’에 해당하므로, 설혹 경쟁사업자에게 불이익이 초래된다고 하여도 이는 시장이 감수해야 한다고 보아 효율성 내지 소비자 후생효과를 강조하면서 무혐의 처분하였다. 반면 EC는 2017년 구글의 행위가 자신의 일반검색 결과 페이지에서 타사의 비교쇼핑 서비스로 이어지는 트래픽을 감소시키고 자사의 비교쇼핑 서비스로의 트래픽을 증대시켰다고 판단하고 시정조치하였다. 독점사업자가 중요한 경쟁수단인 인터넷 트래픽을 자기에게 유리하게 조정하여 시장지배력이 전이될 우려가 생겼다는 것이다. EC 결정에 대하여 유럽 학계에서는 찬반이 엇갈리는 반면, 미국 법조계와 학계는 대체로 EC의 판단이 디자인 변경의 효율성을 무시했을 뿐 아니라 봉쇄효과를 비롯한 경쟁제한효과 입증도 부실하여 불합리한 결정이라고 비판하고 있다. 필자는 디자인 변경에 대하여 단독행위 일반원칙인 합리원칙을 배제하는 듯한 미국 판례가 지나치게 독점사업자에 관대하고, 동시에 EC의 구글쇼핑 결정은 경쟁제한효과를 제대로 분석하지 않고 효율성 효과와 비교형량도 부실하다는 점에서 문제라고 본다. 따라서 우리나라에서는 포스코 판결의 개방적 효과주의 취지에 따라, 디자인 변경이 초래하는 경쟁관련효과를 분석하고 비교형량하되 그 입증수준이나 방법에 대하여는 중장기적 시장구조효과까지 고려하여 유연하게 수행하여야 할 것이다. 이를 통해 우리나라 고유의 시장상황에서 혁신과 효율성, 그리고 소비자 후생은 물론 중장기적 시장구조 문제까지 도모할 수 있을 것이다. While internet commerce and search markets in Korea have been moving dynamically since the mobile revolution in the early 2000’s, the phenomenon of long-term monopolization in the global digital market has also emerged generating competition policy concerns. If such concentration is caused by anti-competitive conduct the need for competition law enforcement is keen and it would be necessary to focus on not only the process of competition but also market order and structure. On the other hand, if market order and structure changes are dynamic, no clear sign of government intervention exists. It is natural for firms to produce and sell new and innovative products, but it can be a matter of competition law when only design changes of an existing product are made. In U.S. case law product design changes with significant technical improvements are generally treated per se legal while cases of trivial improvements are subject to analyses of competitive effect to determine illegality. Even when the improvement effect is ambiguous, illegality is not easily recognized, but in the Microsoft tying arrangement case, the competitive effects were analyzed in a balanced manner. The academia generally supports such case law, but the New Brandeis School which advocates for aggressive antitrust law enforcement against giant IT firms is noted for arguing for the application of rule of reason principles for design changes. The author did not find active discussion regarding the issue of design change in the E.U., but they seem to accept American discussions in a general sense. In the Google Shopping case that dealt with design changes of a monopolist in the internet search market, the USFTC determined that Google’s design changes in 2013 provided ‘significant improvements’ in consumer benefits constituting a ‘competition in the merits’, and even if they caused disadvantages to competitors, the market should bear such costs. Hence, the USFTC dismissed the case clearly advocating the efficiency and consumer welfare effects by the design changes. On the contrary, the EC found that Google’s conduct in 2017 directing internet traffic from Google’s general search result page to its own comparison shopping service, increased traffic to its own comparative shopping service while reducing traffic to those of other companies, and imposed remedies and sanctions. The EC concluded that the arbitrary control of internet traffic, an important means of competition, by a monopolist to their advantage brought about concerns of leveraging monopoly power. While the European Academia is split over this EC decision, the US legal and academic circles generally criticize it as an unreasonable decision arguing that it overlooks the efficiency of design changes and lacks detailed analysis of competitive effects including foreclosure effects. The author criticizes both jurisdictions’ approach; the U.S. standard is excessively generous to monopolists by seemingly excluding the rule of reason test which is the general principle in evaluating unilateral conduct, while the EC’s Google Shopping decision seems to have neglected proper analysis of competitive effect and lacks in appropriate balancing. Hence, Korean enforcement needs to analyze competitive effects and balance relevant effects of design changes while being flexible about the burden and methods of proof while considering mid- to long-term effects on market structure according to the open standard stipulated by the POSCO decision. The author believes that this could help to address important issues of innovation, efficiency, and consumer welfare as well as mid- to long-term issues of market structure in Korea’s unique market circumstance.

Inundation extend mapping for multi-temporal SAR using automatic thresholding and change detection: a case study on Kosi river of India

Pinheiro Greetta,Raj Aditya,Minz Sonajharia,Choudhury Tanupriya,Um Jung-Sup 대한공간정보학회 2024 Spatial Information Research Vol.32 No.3

The flood occurrence frequency has increased over the years due to climate change, and various state-of-the-art methods have been proposed for flood mapping using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. However, whenever there are similarities in the radar backscatter values of permanent water bodies and sand areas, the riverine floods are generally ignored due to high computational complexity. This paper proposes a multi-source data fusion-based model for mapping the Kosi river floodplain areas in the Supaul district of Bihar, India, using both VV and VH bands of Sentinel-1 SAR imagery. The proposed model involves image pre-processing, classification, and post-processing of results to obtain the flood map. The combination of Otsu automatic threshold detection and change detection methods is used for reducing the overestimation of flooded pixels while identifying flood-prone areas. The post-processing involves the identification of high and low-confidence flood regions, riverine floods, generation of flood maps, and estimation of flooded areas. The impact of the flood on the nearby area is captured using multi-temporal images of the Supaul district. The pre-processing, visualizing, processing, and analysis of the results are carried out in Google Earth Engine. The proposed method is suitable for identifying flooding in both nonpermanent and permanently low backscattering areas.