Antihyperlipidemic Activity of the Ethyl-acetate Fraction of Stereospermum Suaveolens in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Balasubramanian Thirumalaisamy,Senthilkumar Gnanavadevel Prabhakaran,Karthikeyan Marimuthu,Tapan Kumar Chatterjee 대한약침학회 2013 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.16 No.3

Objectives: Dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the ethyl-acetate fraction of an ethanolic extract from Streospermum suaveolens on lipid metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced by intraperitonial injection of STZ (50 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were treated with an ethyl-acetate fraction orally at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg daily for 14 days. On the 15th day, serum lipid profiles, such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), were estimated in experimental rats. The atherogenic (AI) and the coronary risk (CRI) indices were also evaluated. Results: The ethyl-acetate fraction at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.001) and dose-dependently reduced serum cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL, but increased HDL towards near normal levels as compared to diabetic control rats. The fraction also significantly (P < 0.001) lowered the atherogenic index (AI) and coronary risk index (CAI) in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the ethyl-acetate fraction of Stereospermum suaveolens exhibits a potent antihyperlipidemic activity in hyperglycemic rats and suggests that the plant may have therapeutic value in treating the diabetic complication of hyperlipidemia. Objectives: Dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the ethyl-acetate fraction of an ethanolic extract from Streospermum suaveolens on lipid metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced by intraperitonial injection of STZ (50 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were treated with an ethyl-acetate fraction orally at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg daily for 14 days. On the 15th day, serum lipid profiles, such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), were estimated in experimental rats. The atherogenic (AI) and the coronary risk (CRI) indices were also evaluated. Results: The ethyl-acetate fraction at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.001) and dose-dependently reduced serum cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL, but increased HDL towards near normal levels as compared to diabetic control rats. The fraction also significantly (P < 0.001) lowered the atherogenic index (AI) and coronary risk index (CAI) in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the ethyl-acetate fraction of Stereospermum suaveolens exhibits a potent antihyperlipidemic activity in hyperglycemic rats and suggests that the plant may have therapeutic value in treating the diabetic complication of hyperlipidemia.

Antihyperlipidemic Activity of the Ethyl-acetate Fraction of Stereospermum Suaveolens in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Thirumalaisamy, Balasubramanian,Prabhakaran, Senthilkumar Gnanavadevel,Marimuthu, Karthikeyan,Chatterjee, Tapan Kumar KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2013 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.16 No.3

Objectives: Dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the ethyl-acetate fraction of an ethanolic extract from Streospermum suaveolens on lipid metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced by intraperitonial injection of STZ (50 mg/kg). Diabetic rats were treated with an ethyl-acetate fraction orally at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg daily for 14 days. On the $15^{th}$ day, serum lipid profiles, such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), were estimated in experimental rats. The atherogenic (AI) and the coronary risk (CRI) indices were also evaluated. Results: The ethyl-acetate fraction at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly (P < 0.001) and dose-dependently reduced serum cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL, but increased HDL towards near normal levels as compared to diabetic control rats. The fraction also significantly (P < 0.001) lowered the atherogenic index (AI) and coronary risk index (CAI) in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the ethyl-acetate fraction of Stereospermum suaveolens exhibits a potent antihyperlipidemic activity in hyperglycemic rats and suggests that the plant may have therapeutic value in treating the diabetic complication of hyperlipidemia.

비파 부위별 용매추출물의 아질산염 소거 및 항돌연변이 효과

배영일,정창호,심기환 한국식품저장유통학회(구 한국농산물저장유통학회) 2002 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.9 No.1

비파 부위별 추출물의 아질산염 소거능 및 항돌연변이 효과를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 추출용매 중 활성이 높게 나타난 메탄올 추출물을 비극성∼극성 용매별로 계통분획산 에칠아세테이트 분획물에서 잎은 80%, 씨를 제거한 과실 81%, 과피 73% 및 종자 63%로 아질산염 소거 효과가 가장 높게 나타났다. 메탄올 추출물의 분획하여 Salmonella typhimurium TA 100에 대한 항돌연변이 효과를 측정한 결과, 잎과 씨를 제거한 과실의 에칠아세테이트 분획물을 농도별로 첨가하여 항돌연변이 효과를 확인한 결과, 잎과 씨를 제거한 과실의 경우 에칠아세테이트 분획물 2.5 ㎎과 5.0 ㎎ 첨가시 각각 65.5%, 71.2%와 63.4%, 69.2%로 분획물의 농도가 높을수록 항돌연변이 효과가 높게 나타났다. The nitrite-scavenging and antimutagenic effects of various solvent extracts from different parts of the loquat were lnvestigated to develope as source of functional food. The nitrite-scavenging and antimutagenic effects of fractions obtained from methanol extreact were most highest in ethyl acetate fraction. Ethyl acetate fraction showed better results in the nitrite scavenging activity of 80% in leaf, 81% in seedless fruit, 73% in peel and 63% in seed. The antimutagenic effects showed strong ethyl acetate fraction of 53.1%, 48.3% in leaf and seedless fruit. The antimutagenic effect increased with increasing concentration of ethyl acetate fraction against mutagenicity induced by direct mutagen of IQ in Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. Addition of 2.5 ㎎ and 5 ㎎ of ethyl acetate fraction showed inhibitory effect of 65.5%, 71.2% in leaf and 63.4%, 69.2% in seedless fruit, respectively.

율피 추출물 및 분획물의 항산화 활성

박찬휘,강현,이성규 한국식물생명공학회 2022 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.49 No.2

This study examined the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract and fraction from Castanea crenata inner shell in vitro. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and DPPH radical scavenging ability using electron spin resonance (ESR). The total polyphenol contents of the 70% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction were 39.76 mg GAE/g and 323.92 mg GAE/g (p < 0.05). The total polyphenol contents of the ethyl acetate fraction were higher than other fractions. Furthermore, the total flavonoid contents of ethyl acetate were higher than other fractions at 13.12 mg QE/g (p < 0.05). In DPPH radical scavenging ability measurement, the RC50 value of ethyl acetate was lower than ascorbic acid at 2.27 μg/mL (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this result showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of Castanea crenata inner shell 70% ethanol extract has high antioxidant activity.

Chemopreventive Potential of an Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Curcuma Longa is Associated with Upregulation of p57^kip2 and Rad9 in the PC-3M Prostate Cancer Cell Line

Rao, K.V.K.,Samikkannu, T.,Dakshayani, K.B.,Zhang, X.,Sathaye, S.S.,Indap, M.A.,Nair, Madhavan P.N. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.3

Background: Turmeric ($Curcuma$ $longa$) has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor properties. However, despite the progress in research with $C.$ $longa$, there is still a big lacuna in the information on the active principles and their molecular targets. More particularly very little is known about the role of cell cycle genes $p57^{kip2}$ and Rad9 during chemoprevention by turmeric and its derivatives especially in prostate cancer cell lines. Methods: Accordingly, in this study, we have examined the antitumor effect of several extracts of $C.$ $longa$ rhizomes by successive fractionation in clonogenic assays using highly metastatic PC-3M prostate cancer cell line. Results: A mixture of isopropyl alcohol: acetone: water: chloroform: and methanol extract of $C.$ $longa$ showed significant bioactivity. Further partition of this extract showed that bioactivity resides in the dichloromethane soluble fraction. Column chromatography of this fraction showed presence of biological activity only in ethyl acetate eluted fraction. HPLC, UV-Vis and Mass spectra studies showed presence three curcuminoids in this fraction besides few unidentified components. Conclusions: From these observations it was concluded that the ethyl acetate fraction showed not only inhibition of colony forming ability of PC-3M cells but also up-regulated cell cycle genes $p57^{kip2}$ and Rad9 and further reduced the migration and invasive ability of prostate cancer cells.

Alchornea glandulosa Ethyl Acetate Fraction Exhibits Antiangiogenic Activity: Preliminary Findings from In Vitro Assays Using Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Flávia Cristine Mascia Lopes,Ana Rocha,Ana Pirraco,Luis O. Regasini,Janaina R. Siqueira,Dulce H.S. Silva,Vanderlan S. Bolzani,Iracilda Z. Carlos,Raquel Soares 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.10

Alchornea glandulosa has traditionally been used in Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of immune-inflammatory diseases and as an antiulcer agent to heal gastric ulcer and gastritis. Angiogenesis is a complex multistep process that consists of proliferation, migration, and anastomosis of endothelial cells and has a major role in the development of pathologic conditions, such as inflammatory diseases. To investigate a possible link between the anti-inflammatory activities and antiangiogenic effects of A. glandulosa ethyl acetate fraction (AGF), this study examined which features of the angiogenic process could be disturbed by this fraction. The antiangiogenic activity of AGF was determined in vitro by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), and cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and capillary-like structures formation were addressed. To elucidate the mechanism of action, nuclear factor κB (NFκB), a transcription factor implicated in these processes, was also evaluated in HUVEC incubated with AGF. A significant decrease in proliferation, a relevant increase in apoptosis, and a strong reduction in invasion capacity (as assessed by bromodeoxyuridine, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling, and double-chamber assays, respectively) were observed. AGF also led to a drastic reduction in the number of capillary-like structures formed when HUVEC were cultured on growth factor–reduced Matrigel–coated plates. In addition, incubation of HUVEC with AGF resulted in reduced NFκB activity. These findings emphasize the antiangiogenic potential of AGF and support its therapeutic use for disorders that involve excessive angiogenesis, such as chronic inflammation and tumor growth.

붉나무열매 분획추출물의 항산화 및 항균 효과에 대한 연구

양재찬,장덕영 한국문화융합학회 2019 문화와 융합 Vol.41 No.6

Rhus javanica L is a deciduous tree belonging to the family Anacardiaceae. Its fruit extracts are known to be effective against inflammation, astriction, and psoriasis. In this study, the anti-oxidative, antimicrobial, and toxicity of the ethyl acetate (EA) and butanol (BT) fractions of Rhus javanica L fruit were evaluated. The assessment of the antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH radical scavenging, assessment of SOD-like activity, and the FRAP assay at concentrations between 0.1 and 10mg/mL. Antimicrobial activity was tested on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans microbes using a disc diffusion method and measuring the clear zone. An evaluation of toxicity was performed at concentrations between 1 and 5μg/mL in zebrafish embryos and the assay was performed with commercially available preservatives such as methyl paraben(MP), ethyl paraben (EP), and propyl paraben(PP). The results of the antioxidant activity assays showed that EA and BT fractions had antioxidant effects at concentrations above 0.5mg/mL. The antimicrobial activity of the EA fraction at concentrations between 50 and 150mg/mL showed clear zones for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and S. epidermidis. The BT fraction at concentrations between 50 and 150 mg/mL showed clear zones for S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. epidermidis, and C. albicans. The evaluation of toxicity using zebrafish showed that EA and BT fractions were not toxic at concentrations under 5μg/mL. Toxicity was observed when EP was assessed. These results suggest that Rhus javanica L fruit extracts have potential as natural anti-oxidants and preservatives in the cosmetics industry.

고욤(Diospyros lotus)잎 유래 Ethyl Acetate 분획물의 항산화 및 항가려움 활성

전인화(In Hwa Jeon),강현주(Hyun Ju Kang),김상준(Sang Jun Kim),정승일(Seung Il Jeong),이현서(Hyun-Seo Lee),장선일(Seon Il Jang) 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.43 No.11

본 연구는 고욤잎 유래 EA 분획물의 항산화 및 항가려움 활성을 조사하였다. EA 분획물은 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성이 수용성 및 MeOH 추출물보다 매우 우수하였을 뿐만 아니라 합성 항산화제인 BHT보다 현저히 높았다. 또한 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성도 수용성과 MeOH 추출물뿐만 아니라 Trolox보다 현저히 높았다. 본 연구에 사용된 EA 분획물과 수용성 및 MeOH 추출물은 세포에 대한 독성이 없었다. 또한 EA 분획물은 농도에 의존적으로 활성화된 비만세포로부터 히스타민 방출 억제와 TNF-α 생성 억제 효과가 있었으며, 같은 농도에서 수용성 및 MeOH 추출물보다 억제 효과가 우수하였다. 더욱이 EA 분획물은 농도 의존적으로 compound 48/80으로 유도된 가려움증을 효과적으로 억제하는 활성이 있었고, 같은 농도에서 항가려움 약제로 알려진 azelastine보다는 그 효과가 낮았지만 수용성 및 MeOH 추출물뿐만 아니라 methysergide보다 우수한 항가려움 효과를 발휘하였다. 앞으로 이러한 항가려움 효과에 대한 EA 분획물의 분자적 작용기전을 규명해야 할 필요가 있으며, 고욤잎 유래 EA 분획물은 강력한 항산화 및 항가려움 활성을 지닌 우수한 소재라 사료된다. Diospyros lotus has been cultivated for its edible fruits, which are considered to have medicinal importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antipruritic activities of water-soluble, methanol extract, and ethyl acetate (EA) fractions from D. lotus leaves. The EA fraction showed the lowest IC50 vale (DPPH: 5.3 μg/mL, ABTS: 53.8 μg/mL). Therefore, we further investigated anti-inflammatory and antipruritic effects of the EA fraction. TNF-α production increased by PMA plus A23187 treatment was significantly inhibited by the EA fraction in a dose-dependent manner. The EA fraction also inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells stimulated by compound 48/80, which promotes histamine release. Furthermore, EA fraction had inhibitory effects on scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80 in Balb/c mice. These results suggest that the EA fraction from D. lotus leaves has potential as ameliorative agent against oxidative stress and pruritus-related disease.

조릿대 추출물의 항산화 및 항균활성

홍은영,장미란,김미경,김건희 덕성여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2009 자연과학 논문집 Vol.15 No.-

DPPH(1,1-dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity and disk diffusion assay were conducted to analyze antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts and fractions of Sasa borealis Makino. Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract (76.0% at 1,000㎍/ml) was higher than water extract (65.3% at 1,000㎍/ml), and especially antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate fraction (84.6~87.1% at 1,000㎍/ml) were higher than of those fractions. Among the antimicrobial activities against six major strains food poisening, ethyl acetate fraction (125㎍/disc) showed almost the strongest activity among those extracts and fractions. Although all extracts and fractions showed relatively strong antimicrobial activities against Salmonella choleraesuis (Inhibition zone; 29.0mm). 본 연구는 조릿대의 천연식품소재 및 천연보존료로서의 이용가능성을 검토하기 위하여 그 추출물 및 분획물의 유리기 소거 효과 및 항균활성을 조사하였다. DPPH법을 이용한 유리기 소거능을 측정하여 본 결과 열수추출물에 비해 에탄올 추출물에서 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, 분획물에 있어서는 각각의 추출물 모두 에틸아세테이트층에서 높은 효과를 나타내어 우수한 항산화 소재로의 이용가능성을 확인하였다. 항균활성을 확인하여 본 결과, 모든 추출물과 분획물에서 활성을 나타내지는 않았으나 에틸아세테이층에서는 대부분의 활성을 나타 내었으며, S. choleraesuis균에 대해서는 모두 강한 억제능을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과는 조릿대가 천연보존료의 활용가능성을 시사하는 것이며 이에 대한 심도있는 연구가 향후 진행 되어야 할 것이다.

조릿대 에틸아세테이트 분획물의 지방세포에서 분화전사인자 조절을 통한 지방형성 저해 효능

박희숙(Hee Sook Park),김건희(Gun-Hee Kim) 한국식품영양과학회 2013 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.42 No.6

본 연구에서는 3T3-L1 지방전구세포를 이용하여 조릿대조추출물(SBE)과 에틸아세테이트 분획물(SBEA)의 지방세포 내 중성지방 축적 저해 활성을 확인하고자 하였다. 먼저 SBE의한 지방세포 분화 저해 활성을 확인하기 위해 추출물을 3T3-L1 지방전구세포에 분화를 유도하면서 농도별(10,50, 100 μg/mL)로 처리하였고, 그 결과 SBE가 지방세포의 분화를 억제시켜 지방세포 내 중성지방 축적을 저해시켰다. 또한 SBE를 용매 극성에 따른 분획한 분획물들의 항분화효능을 확인하였다. 그중 항분화 효능이 가장 뛰어난 에틸아세테이트 분획물로 지방세포 분화에 따른 세포 내 중성지방 축적이 억제 되었다. 그러나, 지방세포 분해를 통한 glycerol release의 증가는 나타나지 않았다. 이 같은 결과를 바탕으로 항분화 효능의 기전을 연구하기 위해 PPARγ, C/EBPα 등 전사활성과 지방세포 분화에 관여하는 유전자들의 활성을 확인해 보았다. 실험 결과 SBEA는 PPARγ와 C/EBPα의 mRNA 발현을 농도 의존적으로 감소시켰다. 따라서 SBEA 항비만 효과는 지방 생성의 주요 전사인자인 PPARγ와 C/EBPα의 유전자 발현조절을 통해 지방 분화 억제 및 지방 축적을 효과적으로 감소시키는 것으로 보이며, 효과가 있는 농도가 100 μg/mL로 천연물질로써 비교적 낮은 농도에서 우수한 지방 분화억제 활성을 나타내어 경제적이며 효과적인 항비만 기능성식품으로서 개발 가능성이 있을 것으로 사료된다. Sasa borealis is a major source of bamboo leaves used for traditional medicine in Korea. Obesity is a serious health problem in industrialized countries that has been implicated in various diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and coronary heart disease. Recent reports have proposed mechanisms to reduce obesity by decreasing preadipocyte differentiation, and proliferation in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte. The preadipocytes play a key role by differentiation into mature adipocytes and increasing fat mass. In this study, we investigated whether ethanol-soluble extracts and ethyl acetate-soluble fractions from Sasa borealis inhibits intracellular accumulation of lipid droplets in a dose-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 cells (an important model system for studying adipogenesis). The down-regulation of PPARγ and C/EBPα (key adipogenic transcription factors) were confirmed by the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Ethyl acetate-soluble fractions from Sasa borealis attenuated the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα. These results suggest that Sasa borealis inhibits adipogenic differentiation by regulating adipogenic transcription factors in 3T3-L1 cells. Therefore, Sasa borealis extracts may be a good candidate for the management of obesity.