Data Envelopment Analysis for Container Terminals Considering an Undesirable Output - Focus on Busan Port & Kwangyang Port

Chang-Hoon Shin,Dong-Hun Jeong 한국항해항만학회 2013 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.37 No.2

Recently according to increase of enlarged scale ports in conformity with increase in over size vessels and container handling service, pollutants generated from ports are increasing. In advanced countries, reduction in carbon dioxide emission assigned to them has been implemented according to the Climate Change Convention and Kyoto Protocol from 2008 to 2012 in order to lessen carbon dioxide emission. Henceforth increase in discussion on the measure of constructing Green Port and low-carbon port is expected in our nation's field of port as well, it is considered that the effort in reduction with regard to undesirable output which causes environmental problem of analysis target during measuring effectiveness. Therefore, in this study, effectiveness was estimated through directional technology distance function considering undesirable output differently from effectiveness analysis of existing container terminal, and then performed comparative analysis with the result analyzed with BCC output-oriented model. As the result of analysis, in 2007 DMU3 and DMU5, and in 2010 DMU2 and DMU4 appeared to be efficient terminals in BCC output oriented model, and in directional technology distance function model, DMU1, DMU3 in 2007, DMU3, DMU5 in 2008, DMU7 in 2009, and DMU2, DMU5 in 2010 appeared to be efficient terminals.

Data Envelopment Analysis for Container Terminals Considering an Undesirable Output - Focus on Busan port & Kwangyang port

신창훈,정동훈 한국항해항만학회 2013 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.37 No.2

Recently according to increase of enlarged scale ports in conformity with increase in over size vessels and container handling service, pollutants generated from ports are increasing. In advanced countries, reduction in carbon dioxide emission assigned to them has been implemented according to the Climate Change Convention and Kyoto Protocol from 2008 to 2012 in order to lessen carbon dioxide emission. Henceforth increase in discussion on the measure of constructing Green Port and low-carbon port is expected in our nation's field of port as well, it is considered that the effort in reduction with regard to undesirable output which causes environmental problem of analysis target during measuring effectiveness. Therefore, in this study, effectiveness was estimated through directional technology distance function considering undesirable output differently from effectiveness analysis of existing container terminal, and then performed comparative analysis with the result analyzed with BCC output-oriented model. As the result of analysis, in 2007 DMU3 and DMU5, and in 2010 DMU2 and DMU4 appeared to be efficient terminals in BCC output oriented model, and in directional technology distance function model, DMU1, DMU3 in 2007, DMU3, DMU5 in 2008, DMU7 in 2009, and DMU2, DMU5 in 2010 appeared to be efficient terminals.

우리나라 생명보험 산업의 경영효율화를 위한 효율성 비교 : 가중 러셀 방향거리모형 이용

김태영,김광욱,안경애 경성대학교 산업개발연구소 2017 산업혁신연구 Vol.33 No.4

우리나라의 생명보험 산업은 그동안 규제완화와 금융의 겸업화로 경쟁이 가속화되었으며 이에 따라 대형화와 인수·합병 그리고 전략적 제휴와 같은 보험 산업의 금융 환경변화에 적극적으로 대처하여 왔다. 그러나 한국경제의 저성장 장기화에 따른 경제성장률의 하락추세와 고령화 사회로 인한 생산가능인구의 감소는 보험 구매력의 약화와 장수위험으로 생명보험 산업에 위협요인이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 생명보험사의 경영효율화를 위한 효율성을 측정하고 특히, 각 투입·산출요소별로 비효율의 원인을 분석하여 각 생명보험사, 더 나아가 보험산업 전체의 경쟁력 향상을 위한 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 생명보험사의 비효율성을 비교하고 각 투입·산출요소별로 차별화된 효율성 달성 방향을 제시하기 위해 기존 연구와는 다르게 가중된 러셀 방향거리모형(Weighted Russell directional distance model; WRDDM)을 이용하여 2005년부터 2015년까지 22개 생명보험회사를 대상으로 실증분석 하였다. 특히, 생산력 측면에서 보험회사 운영에 유익하지 않은 또는 유해한 산출물(undesirable output)을 고려하여 각 생명보험회사의 비효율 정도를 계산하였으며, 개별 생명보험사의 효율성 개선을 위한 각각의 투입·산출요소에 대한 비효율의 원인과 이에 기초한 효율성의 개선을 제시하였다. Korea's life insurance industry has been accelerating with deregulation and diversification of the financial sector. As a result, each life insurance company has actively coped with changes in the financial environment of the insurance industry, such as enlargement, mergers and acquisitions, and strategic alliances. However, the declining economic growth rate due to the prolonged low growth of the economy and the decrease of the productive populations due to the aging society are threatening the life insurance industry due to the weakening of the purchasing power of insurance and the longevity risk. In this study, the efficiency and productivity for life insurance companies' management efficiency are measured, and in particular, the causes of inefficiency for each input and output factor are analyzed to propose measures for improving the competitiveness of each life insurance company and insurance industry as a whole using weighted Russell directional distance model. From 2005 to 2015, we analyzed 22 life insurance companies. In particular, the degree of inefficiency of each life insurance company was calculated taking into account the undesirable output that is not beneficial to the operation of the insurance company in terms of productivity.

방향거리함수모형을 이용한 지방상수도공기업의 운영효율성과 규모효율성, 규모경제 평가

유금록 한국행정학회 2013 韓國行政學報 Vol.47 No.2

This study analyzed the operational efficiency, input inefficiency, output inefficiency, and economies of scale (returns to scale) of 105 Korean local government water utility enterprises using a non-oriented directional distance function model that simultaneously measures the input minimization and output maximization. The results of analyzing operational efficiencies indicate that their mean increases by 21.1% points, to 87.7%, after adjusting for the effect of an environmental variable on inputs and outputs, rather than before controlling for the environmental effect. The results of analyzing input and output inefficiencies show that almost all of the inefficiencies of water utility enterprises are caused by inputs, rather than outputs. The results of analyzing scale efficiency reveal that 87 water utility enterprises do not operate at an optimal scale. The results of examining the economies of scale (the returns to scale) of water utility enterprises with an inefficient scale of operations demonstrate that 65 water utility enterprises operate with economies of scale (increasing returns to scale), whereas 22 operate with diseconomies of scale (decreasing returns to scale). Therefore, water utility enterprises operating in an area of increasing returns to scale need to be expanded, while those operating in an area of decreasing returns to scale should be reduced. 본 연구에서는 투입요소의 최소화와 산출물의 최대화를 동시에 측정하는 투입산출지향적(non-oriented) 방향거리함수모형(directional distance function model)을 사용하여 우리나라 기초자치단체의 105개 지방상수도공기업의 운영효율성과 투입비효율성, 산출비효율성, 규모효율성, 규모경제(규모수익)를 분석하였다. 지방상수도공기업의 운영효율성을 분석한 결과, 환경변수가 상수도공기업의 투입요소와 산출물에 미치는 효과를 조정한 후 운영효율성의 평균이 87.7%로 환경변수의 효과를 조정하기 전보다 21.1%포인트 증가하였다. 투입요소와 산출물의 비효율성을 분석한 결과, 상수도공기업의 비효율성이 거의 대부분 투입요소보다는 산출물에서 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 상수도공기업의 규모효율성을 분석한 결과, 87개 상수도공기업이 최적규모에서 운영되지 않고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 비효율적으로 운영되고 있는 상수도공기업의 규모경제(규모수익)를 분석한 결과, 65개 상수도공기업이 규모수익체증(IRS) 영역에서 운영되고 있는 데 비해 22개 상수도공기업은 규모수익체감(DRS) 영역에서 운영되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 규모수익체증 영역에서 운영되고 있는 상수도공기업의 운영규모를 확대하는 한편 규모수익체감 영역에서 운영되고 있는 상수도공기업의 운영규모를 축소해야 할 것이다.

지방공기업의 효율성 및 규모수익 평가: 지방하수도공기업에 대한 방향거리함수모형의 적용

유금록 서울대학교 한국행정연구소 2012 行政論叢 Vol.50 No.1

This study analyzed the operational efficiency, input inefficiency, output inefficiency, and returns to scale of local public enterprises at sixty-nine local sewage utilities in local Korean governments using a non-oriented variable returns to scale directional distance function model that maximizes outputs and minimizes inputs. The results of the analysis show that the mean, standard deviation, maximum, and minimum of the sixty-nine sewage utilities are 77.08%, 24.08%, 100%, and 33.33%, respectively. The empirical results of the inputs and outputs inefficiencies indicate that most of the inefficiencies of sewage utilities are due to inputs rather than outputs. The results of the scale efficiency analysis show that most sewage utilities do not operate at optimal levels. The results of the analysis of the returns to scale of sewage utilities with an inefficient scale of operations reveal that twelve sewage utilities operate with increasing returns to scale, while forty-five operate with decreasing returns to scale. These results imply that sewage utilities operating with increasing returns to scale need to be expanded, while those operating with decreasing returns to scale should be reduced. 본 연구에서는 투입요소를 최소화하는 동시에 산출물을 최대화하는 투입산출지향적(non- oriented) 규모수익가변(VRS) 방향거리함수모형(directional distance function model)을 사용하여 우리나라 기초자치단체의 69개 지방하수도공기업을 중심으로 지방공기업의 운영효율성과 투입비효율성, 산출비효율성, 규모수익을 분석했다. 지방하수도공기업의 효율성을 분석한 결과, 69개 하수도공기업의 투입산출지향적 효율성점수의 평균과 표준편차, 최대치, 최소치는 각각 77.08%, 24.08%, 100%, 33.33%로 나타났다. 투입요소와 산출물의 비효율성을 분석한 결과, 하수도공기업의 비효율성이 거의 대부분 산출물보다는 투입요소에서 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 하수도공기업의 규모효율성을 분석한 결과, 하수도공기업의 대부분이 최적규모에서 운영되지 않고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 비효율적으로 운영되고 있는 하수도공기업의 규모수익을 분석한 결과, 12개 하수도공기업이 규모수익체증(IRS) 영역에서 운영되고 있는 데 비해 45개 하수도공기업은 규모수익체감(DRS) 영역에서 운영되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 규모수익체증 영역에서 운영되고 있는 하수도공기업의 운영규모를 확대하는 한편 규모수익체감 영역에서 운영되고 있는 하수도공기업의 운영규모를 축소해야 할 것이다.

한국형 원자력추진 잠수함 도입 시 벤치마킹 모델 선정을 위한 효율성 분석: 방향거리함수 모형을 중심으로

정미애(Miae Jeong),최영재(Youngjae Choi),이승진(Seungjin Lee),이정환(Junghwan Lee) 한국해군과학기술학회 2021 Journal of the KNST Vol.4 No.2

While North Korea’s SLBM threat is increasing, it is difficult to make a complete response with the current means. Nuclear-powered submarines can be an effective means of responding to North Korea’s SLBM. This study is divided into 1 and 2 phases, and in the 1st phase, the efficiency of conventional submarines and nuclear-powered submarines are compared, and in the 2nd phase, the efficient models of nuclear-powered submarines are analyzed. As a result, five classes, including Los Angeles-class and Trafalgar-class achieve 100 % efficiency among the 12 classes selected as the evaluation group.