고령층의 디지털 정보격차에 관한 헌법적 검토와 법제 개선 방향

류성진 한국비교공법학회 2024 공법학연구 Vol.25 No.4

This study confirms that the problem of the elderly who have difficulty collecting and utilizing information through digital devices is not just a personal inconvenience, but a fundamental human right under the Constitution, and discusses technical, social, and legislative measures to improve it. Today's information inequality among the elderly due to disparities in access to and use of digital devices, the so-called digital information divide, goes beyond mere unequal access to technology and leads to economic, social, and cultural inequality, which risks deepening social exclusion and discrimination of the elderly. Therefore, since the right to access information is an essential prerequisite of freedom of expression under our constitution, the right of older people to demand the closure of the digital divide should be recognized as a fundamental human right that can realize the principle of equality and the right to a dignified life under Articles 11 and 34 of the Constitution. This study analyzes the problems caused by the digital information gap among the elderly and suggests technical, social, and legal solutions to resolve them. In particular, it argues that the right of access to information as a fundamental human right includes not only the state's obligation to passively prevent infringement but also its obligation to actively support its realization, and that the right to remove information obstacles and the right to eliminate information gaps should be recognized for practical guarantees. It also examines technical and social measures, such as improving the accessibility of information for the elderly through universal design of digital devices, and points out that the current legal framework, such as the Basic Act on Intelligent Informationization, has limitations in addressing the digital divide among the elderly, and calls for more specific and effective legal improvements. In conclusion, it is argued that inequality in information access among the elderly is not just a personal inconvenience, but can lead to social discrimination and political and economic exclusion, and that a comprehensive and sustained policy response is needed to address it as a fulfillment of the state's constitutional obligation to realize fundamental rights. It emphasizes that an inclusive social environment where all members of the digital society can have equal opportunities and lead a dignified life can be built based on the guarantee of the right to information access.

디지털 정보접근권 실현을 위한 법적 과제

장민영(Jang, Min-Young) 한국비교공법학회 2021 공법학연구 Vol.22 No.4

디지털 정보접근권은 개별적 권리인 동시에 여타의 자유 및 권리를 향유하기 위한 전제조건이다. 장애인권리협약은 정보접근권을 글로벌 인권규범 최초로 명문화함으로써 디지털 정보접근권을 일반원칙이자 개별적 인권으로서 강조하고 있으며, EU법 및 미국법의 경우 차별금지 차원에서 디지털 정보접근권 보호를 법제화하고 있다. 특히 글로벌 규범 추세는 정보통신기술 및 서비스의 특성상 디지털 정보접근권은 공적 영역뿐만 아니라 사적 영역에서도 보장되도록 요구하고 있다. 디지털 정보접근권 관련 국내법제는 여러 법률들에 산재하여 규율되어 있다는 점, 관련 규정이 일반원칙적 수준의 임의규정일 뿐만 아니라 중복적인 경우도 많다는 점, 그리고 민간 영역에서는 법적 강제력을 가지고 있지 못하고 정보접근성 확보를 위한 기술요건도 미비할 뿐만 아니라 실효성 확보 수단도 미흡하다는 문제점이 제기되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 과학기술정보통신부와 보건복지부가 공동으로 주무부처로 관할하도록 하는 디지털 정보접근권 관련 개별입법을 제정하는 방안을 제안하였다. 해당 입법에서는 공공 및 민간 부분에서 공통적으로 적용될 수 있는 정보접근권 관련 세부적인 기술요건을 정립하는 한편, 디지털 정보접근권 보장으로 인하여 관련 기술이나 산업에 부정적인 영향을 미치지 않도록 단계적으로 적용범위를 확대하거나 예외를 설정하는 방안들에 대한 고려도 함께 요청하였다. The right to access to information in the digital envorionment is both a substantial right and a prerequisite for enjoying other freedoms and rights. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities which clarifying the right to access to information in the digital envorionment for the first time among the universal human rights norms considers this right as a general principle. The EU law and the US law apporach to the right to access to information in the digital envorionment from the perspective of non-discrimination. In particular, the global legal trend requires that the right to access to information in the digital envorionment be guaranteed not only in the public domain but also in the private domain due to the nature of information and communication technology and services. Korean legislation regarding to the right to access to information in the digital envorionment has several problems. First, provisions concerned with the right to access to information in the digital envorionment is scattered in various laws and, therefore, it is difficult to systematically and fully guaranttee the right to access to information in the digital envorionment. Second, the regulations regarding the right are too vague and overlanpping and not legally binding. Third, the requirements of the right are not applied to the private sector and out of date and lack means to secure the effective implementation. Therefore, this paper proposes to enact an individual law for the right to access to information in the digital envorionment, which is jointly executed by the Ministry of Science and ICT and the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The new law should provide detailed requirements of the right that can be commonly applied to the public and private sectors, and also include measures to gradually expand its application or set exceptions so as not to impede the development of related technologies and industries.

디지털 유산의 보존과 정보인권

김송옥 세계헌법학회한국학회 2019 세계헌법연구 Vol.25 No.3

디지털 정보기술의 급속한 발달로 말미암아 이루 헤아릴 수 없이 많은 디지털 정보가 지구 전역에서 실시간으로 생성되고 있다. 그러나 역설적이게도 많은 디지털 정보가 또한 자취를 감추고 있다. 본 연구는 이렇게 사라져가는 디지털 유산의 보존 필요성과 아울러 시의성을 정보인권과의 관계를 통해 규명하고자 하는 것이다. 아울러 보존을 어렵게 하는 법적인 장애는 무엇이며, 그러한 장애들을 어떻게 개선해 나갈 것인가의 문제를 다루고자 한다. 지식의 창조과정은 어디까지나 지식의 ‘저장물’로부터 시작된다. 따라서 저장물에 해당하는 개개인이 형성한 정보들(사상이나 사고, 의견들)은 문화 및 사회의 진보에 초석이 되는 것이다. 그러한 저장물이 풍부할수록, 그리고 그 종류가 다양할수록 사회가 발전할 가능성이 더욱 커진다. 더욱 많은 정보들이 사상의 자유시장으로 유입되게 하고 보다 다양한 정보들로 그 시장을 채우기 위해서는 우선 누구나 아무런 제약 없이 다른 사람의 사상이나 사고에 접근할 수 있어야 한다. 디지털 유산의 보존은 그러한 저장물을 확보하고 많은 사람들이 이용할 수 있게 함으로써 사회발전에 기여한다. 즉 디지털 유산의 보존 필요성은 정보의 자유에 의해 인정되고 또한 공고해진다. 그렇지만 디지털 유산의 보존과 관련하여 다음 두 가지의 법적 장애가 파악된다. 우선 첫 번째 장애는 ‘잊힐 권리’이다. 누군가 ‘잊힐 권리’를 주장하며 디지털 유산으로 보존 중인 자기와 관련된 정보의 삭제를 요구할 수 있기 때문이다. 하지만 ‘잊힐 권리’가 우리 「개인정보보호법」 제36조의 삭제권과 같이 절대적인 권리로서 인정되면, 디지털 유산의 보존은 물론, 표현 및 정보의 자유에 대한 심각한 위협이 될 수 있다는 점에서, 그 권리를 형성 및 인정함에 있어서 신중을 기하여야 한다. 유럽연합 GDPR과 같이, ‘잊힐 권리’ 혹은 ‘삭제권’의 행사요건을 불필요하거나 불법적인 처리인 경우에 한정하고, 그러한 요구에 대한 정보처리자의 거부사유로 표현의 자유와 기록보존을 규정한 예를 참조할 필요가 있다. 두 번째 장애는 ‘지적재산권’이다. 공표나 등록 등 어떠한 형식을 밟지 않아도 창작과 동시에 발생하는 저작권으로 인하여 디지털 유산 보존에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 저작물을 이용하기 위해서는 저작권자의 허락을 받아야 하는데, 연일 쏟아져나오는 수많은 저작물에 일일이 허락을 받는 것은 사실상 불가능하기 때문이다. 우리 헌법 제22조 제2항은 “저작자・발명가・과학기술자와 예술가의 권리는 법률로써 보호한다”고 규정하고 있다. 즉, 저작권은 법률에 의해 비로소 형성되는 권리로서 입법자가 지적재산권을 창설하는 광범위한 입법형성권을 가진다. 하지만 헌법 제22조 제2항은 제1항의 학문・예술의 자유와 함께 이해되어야 한다. 즉, 지적재산권을 보호하는 목적은 창작자의 지적 활동을 보호함으로써 지식・과학・예술활동을 촉진시키고, 그 지적 창작의 결과를 공중이 널리 이용하고 공유하게 함으로써 궁극적으로 진리의 발견과 문화의 진보를 달성하고자 하는 데에 있다. 따라서 입법자는 입법형성권을 행사함에 있어서 이러한 지적재산권의 보호 목적에서 도출되는 한계로부터 자유로울 수 없다. 디지털 유산의 보존은 현 세대의 기록들을 보존하여 후속 세대 또한 진리의 발견과 문화의 진보를 계속 이어갈 수 있도록 하는 것이다.... A lot of digital information is produced in real time around the globe by the rapid development of Information Technology. But, a lot of digital information, paradoxically, disappears without a trace every second. Therefore, this paper is focused the necessity and the timeliness of preserving the digital heritage for guaranteeing Information Human Rights. In addition, this attempts to address the legal barriers to preservation and its improvement. The process of creating knowledge begins with stores of knowledge. Thus, the information (ideas, thoughts, opinions) formed by individuals in the repository is the cornerstone of cultural and social progress. The more abundant such stores are, and the more diverse they are, the development of the society becomes more and more possible. In order for more information to flow into the free market of idea and fill the market with more information, above all, everyone must be able to access the ideas and thoughts of others without any restrictions. The preservation of digital heritage contributes to social development by securing such repositories and making them available to many people. In other words, the necessity of preservation of digital heritage is acknowledged and consolidated by the freedom of communications. However, two legal barriers to the preservation of digital heritage are identified. The first obstacle is the right to be forgotten, because someone can demand the removal of information about him or her from archives preserved as a digital heritage by claiming the right to be forgotten. However, if it is recognized as an absolute right, such as the right to delete under 「Personal Information Protection Act」 §36 in Korea, it can be a serious threat to the preservation of digital heritage as well as to the freedom of expression and communications, so it should be careful in establishing and recognizing of the right to be forgotten. Like the GDPR(General Data Protection Regulation) in European Union, the requirement to exercise the right to be forgotten or the right to erasure is limited to cases where it is unnecessary or illegal, and the freedom of expression and the preservation of records are the reasons for the denial of the data controllers to such a request. The second obstacle is intellectual property rights. Because of copyrights that occur at the same time as creation, even if creators do not take any form of publication or registration, there is a difficulty in preserving digital heritage. In order to use a work, it is necessary to obtain permission from the copyright holder, because it is virtually impossible to get permission from a large number of works pouring out every day. Our Constitution §22② provides that “the rights of authors, inventors, technologists and artists are protected by law.” In other words, copyright is a right that is formed by law, and legislators have a wide range of legislative powers to create intellectual property rights. However, §22② must be understood along with Academic Freedom and the Freedom of Art of §22①. In other words, the purpose of protecting intellectual property rights is to promote intellectual, scientific, and artistic activities by protecting the intellectual activities of the creators, and to publicly use and share the results of the intellectual creation, ultimately promoting the discovery of truth and the progress of culture. Legislators, therefore, cannot be free from the limitations derived from the protection of these intellectual property rights. The preservation of the digital heritage is to preserve the records of the present generation so that subsequent generations can continue the discovery of truth and the progress of culture. Therefore, legislators cannot set intellectual property rights to prevent or interfere with the preservation of digital heritage. In this respect, the very narrow exceptions for the preservation of digital heritage in 「Copyright Act」 and 「Library Act」 n...

인격적 가치 있는 온라인 디지털정보의 상속성

오병철 한국가족법학회 2013 가족법연구 Vol.27 No.1

Issues of if the family of the deceased can exert a right over online digital information left by the deceased, such as email, SNS, blog and comment etc. are raised. The most controversial issue, especially, is whether the family of a decedent can inherit the online digital information of the decedent by succession law or not. Following is the conclusion of the research on the inheritance of online digital information. ① Among online digital information left by a decedent, one with property values can belongs to inheritors by inheritance. ② Since online digital information and personal information as a personal right are not properties and can be considered as personal nature under Korean Civil Code Article 1005, it is hard to admit the legal inheritance. ③ Even assuming inheritance is granted by amendment of Korean Civil Code or new legislation, due to its character, succession law is not applicable except management of inherited property and distribution of inherited property at nonexistence of inheritor. ④ Therefore, giving control right of online digital information with personal right value and personal right of the deceased to inheritors through succession legal system is not a desirable way of protecting the personal trace of the deceased. ⑤ To protect personal trace of the deceased left for people around him, it is proper to establish a regulation to grant control right to a special act such as Information Telecommunication Act or to enjoin a duty to delete personal information of the deceased right after realizing the death of one on personal information manager. ⑥ Even when the deceased leaves a will on the posthumous treatment of online digital information of oneself, clauses about online digital information with personal value are invalid since the contents of will are rigidly determined by succession law.

“디지털인권”의 딜레마 및 보호에 관한 연구 - 중국에서의 논의를 중심으로 -

쉬칭용,쩡진량 단국대학교 법학연구소 2023 법학논총 Vol.47 No.3

With the continuous development of digital networks, the concept of “digital human rights” was also born, although since 2016 the “Cybersecurity Law of the People’s Republic of China”, “Data Security Law”, “Personal Information Protection Law” has been promulgated, but in the field of digital human rights has little effect, because “digital human rights” is in its infancy, although the legal community is enthusiastic but there is no unified authority of the theoretical theory, this article around the theme of “digital human rights”, from the clear definition of “digital human rights”, “digital human rights” The current dilemma and how to protect digital human rights are discussed, and the analysis of acute problems such as online violence, human flesh search, “AI” face recognition, and fancy apps on network user monitoring in digital networks is highlighted, and it is found that the lack of digital human rights protection such as privacy, security and the right to know is highlighted. By learning from the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation and localizing it, we can find that “digital human rights” as the fourth generation of human rights have certain rationality, in order to prevent the alienation of digital rights, we can start from the right to freedom of expression, digital privacy, data security, digital right to know, etc., combined with the Party in the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee put forward the policy of “combining the rule of law and the rule of ethics”, to achieve the organic combination of legal principles and legal rules in practice, and then protect the “digital human rights” of the digital society.

디지털 환경권 개념 정립과 정보교과 교육 강화에 대한 연구

유지연 한국정보교육학회 2020 정보교육학회논문지 Vol.24 No.2

본 연구는 디지털 환경권이라는 새로운 권리 개념 정립을 통해 정보교과 강화의 필요성을 역설하고 정보교 과 내 정보문화소양의 교육구성 모델 개선 제안을 목적으로 한다. 디지털 환경권 개념 도입을 통하여 정보교과 를 필수교과목화 하기 위한 논리적 근거를 제공하고 정보 교과 내 정보문화소양의 구성을 재체계화함으로써 디 지털 시민으로서 학생이 디지털 환경을 살아가는데 필요한 역량 제고에 기여하고자 한다. 이에 대한 연구로 디 지털 환경에서 요구되는 권리 개념의 논리를 분석하고 디지털 환경권 개념을 정립한다. 그리고 디지털 환경 전 환과 관련하여 미국, 호주, 일본 등의 주요국에서 실행하고 있는 관련 교육과정을 분석함으로써 정보교과의 교육 구성 개선안을 도출한다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다.: 첫째, 디지털 환경권은 '쾌적하고 안전한 디지털 환경을 누 릴 권리' 이다. 둘째, 디지털 환경권의 세분화된 구성요소로는 디지털 환경을 위한 권리(사이버윤리), 디지털 환 경의 권리(사이버안전), 디지털 환경에 대한 권리(사이버보안)가 있다. 셋째, 주요국에서는 정보 관련 교육 내용 으로 디지털시민성, 코드 윤리, 그리고 신기술 보안에 대해 다양한 교육구성이 이루어지고 있다. This study aims to emphasize the necessity of strengthening the information subject through the introduction of a new concept of rights called 'digital environmental rights' and proposes an improvement in the educational composition model of the information culture section in the information subject. Through the introduction of the concept of digital environmental rights, we intend to provide a logical basis for making the information subject a required subject. In addition, we intend to enhance the competencies required for living in a digital environment by improving the structure of the information culture section in the information subject. As a study on this, the logic of the concept of rights required in the digital environment is analyzed and the concept of digital environ-mental rights applied to it is established. Furthermore, by analyzing relevant curricula in major countries, including the United States, Australia, and Japan, which provide the main basis for digital environmental rights, an improvement plan for the educational composition in the information and culture education sector is formulated. The results of the study are as follows: First, digital environment rights are 'rights to enjoy a pleasant and safe digital environment'. Second, the components of digital environmental rights include rights for the environment (cyberethics), rights of the environment (cybersafety), and rights about the environment (cybersecurity). Third, in the major countries studied various educational structures are being implemented with regard to information- related education contents on the digital citizenship, code ethics, and new technology security.

디지털 기본권의 의미와 내용

황성기(Sung Gi Hwang) 한국헌법학회 2018 憲法學硏究 Vol.24 No.3

This study observed the meaning and character of digital constitutional right as constitutional right on digital information, relationships with constitutional right on information and cyber constitutional right, further analyzed the meanings and contents of Internet access right, freedom of anonymous speech, right to informational self-determination, right to be forgotten, intellectual property right on digital content as individual rights of digital constitutional right in the digital network era. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, the structure, character and content of digital constitutional right as ‘a categorial concept’ need to be constructed and construed with corresponding to character of digital information. Second, the relationship between constitutional right on information, digital constitutional right and cyber constitutional right could be arranged ‘constitutional right on information > digital constitutional right > cyber constitutional right’. Third, Internet access right should be included as a content of digital constitutional right, further need to be expanded to have meaning as universal Internet access right. Fourth, in digital network era, freedom of anonymous speech is an essential aspect of freedom of expression in the digital network or Internet. Fifth, in digital network era, right to informational self-determination need to be newly re-construed and reconstructed with direction to harmonize protection and utilization of personal data, and the evolution is demanded to theory on right to informational self-determination based on value-balancing. Sixth, in digital network era, acknowledgment or legal institution of right to be forgotten is concluded to an issue how to harmonize conflicting values on the premise that there are democracy, freedom of expression, right to know, besides protection of personal data, privacy, reputation. Seventh, intellectual property right on digital content as a category that is understood to emphasize output of creation and object of transaction in digital information could be included as a content of digital constitutional right because of a character of property right.

디지털 시대의 상속권과 잊혀질 권리

유인호 ( In Ho Yoo ) 제주대학교 법과정책연구원 2015 국제법무 Vol.7 No.1

Now a days, there are various opinions about the ownership of the death person``s Digital Information; email. SNS, website, cafe, etc. This is a controversial issue whether these item``s of death persons are able to be inherited or not. According to Article Civil Code Article 1005 regulated a personal nature, it is only the matter of between the death person and ISP, not inheritance. Rather providing information about the death person is could be a violation of the Privacy Act and the Information and Communication Network Act. However, recently some opinions say it is possible to inherit Digital Information according to recognition of Properties or a principle of Quasi-possession. And they note that the family want to access to Digital Information of the dead person. This thesis suggested the possibility of interpretation and application in accordance with the rules on the Civil Law according to kinds and character of Digital Information. It could be inherited that Digital Information based on Property value same as cyber money, contents, copy rights or etc, but private information, digital account. log or etc not. Meanwhile, this thesis organize the family``s own rights; the Right of Access for searching digital Information of the dead person and the Right of Management for on -line memorial space. And it is related to the issue of the dead person``s rights about informational autonomy and to be forgotten, and should be considered along with the issue of ISF``s privacy duties and management rights.

디지털 포용사회와 지능정보화 기본법의 한계

이종덕(Lee, Jong-Duk) 한양법학회 2021 漢陽法學 Vol.32 No.2

The「Framework Act on Intelligence Information」, which took effect on December 10 last year, has the character of a basic law that has established a legal framework for preemptively responding to social changes caused by the advent of an intelligent information society. In relation to the realization of a digital inclusive society, the Act has not deviated from a passive attitude that focuses on resolving the information gap and the resulting side effects. It is better to enact the Digital Inclusion Act as an active legislative support for access to digital information, strengthening of digital capabilities, use of digital information, and further realization of a digital inclusive society. Content defects can be pointed out as well as the problems of the system and purpose of 「Framework Act on Intelligence Information」. In this Act, defects in content can be pointed out as well as problems in the legal system or purpose. Above all, to guarantee the right to access information, support measures for the Information Havenots are prepared, but they are still insufficient. Article 49 of the Act, which guarantees the right to access information for the economically underprivileged, focuses on simply financial support. However, education or assistance should be provided in parallel so that they can easily access the information. Next, the government and local governments need to stipulate not only comprehensive obligations to bridge the information gap, but more specifically. In particular, the fact that essential matters such as the content and scope of education to bridge the information gap are omitted, The uncertainty in financing and the discretion in deciding on education costs need to be improved. It is necessary to have legislative integrity for the realization of a digital inclusive society by further specifying the content, scope, and organization of education for the prevention and resolution of the digital divide, the creation and spread of sound digital culture, and the cultivation of digital capabilities.

디지털증거 압수ㆍ수색에서 참여권 보장을 통한 개인정보통제권 구현 방안

안민탁,권헌영 한국디지털포렌식학회 2022 디지털 포렌식 연구 Vol.16 No.3

The most effective way to protect personal information and privacy is to guarantee an active legal right for individuals to manage, decide and control their own information. If you can directly control your own information, you will not only block in advance any falsification or leakage that may occur in the process of information processing, but will also greatly reduce anxiety and distrust of investigative agencies. In this paper, we would like to discuss how to implement the right to control personal information in the current seizure and search procedures. First, for a theoretical review of the right to control personal information in Chapter 2, the concept of personal information and the meaning and limitations of the right to control personal information will be explored. In Chapter 3, we will look for examples of the realization of personal information control rights in the private and public sectors at home and abroad, and in Chapter 4 we will look at foreign personal information related laws and cases. Lastly, in Chapter 5, after accessing the existing integrated digital evidence management system in 'participant mode' to realize the right to control personal information in the process of confiscating and searching digital evidence, We would like to propose a self-directed participation system that allows viewing, inquiry, and even confirmation of deletion. 개인정보와 프라이버시 보호를 위해 가장 효과적인 방법은 개인이 스스로 자신의 정보를 관리ㆍ결정ㆍ통제할 수 있도록 적극적인 법적 권리를 보장하는 것이다. 자신의 정보를 직접 통제할 수 있게 되면 정보처리 과정에서 일어날 수 있는 변조나 유출을 사전에 차단하는 것은 물론, 수사기관에 대한 불안과 불신도 훨씬 줄어들 것이다. 본 논문에서는 현행 압수ㆍ수색 절차에 개인정보통제권을 어떻게 구현할 수 있을지에 대해서 논의하고자 한다. 우선 제2장에서 개인정보통제권에 대한 이론적인 검토를 위해 개인정보의 개념, 개인정보통제권의 의의와 한계에 대하여 알아볼 것이다. 제3장에서는 국내외 민간·공공 부문의 개인정보통제권 구현 사례를 찾아보고, 제4장에서 외국의 개인정보 관련 법제 및 사례를 살펴볼 것이다. 마지막으로 제5장에서는 디지털증거 압수ㆍ수색 절차에서 개인정보통제권 구현을 위하여 기존 디지털증거 통합관리시스템에 ‘참여인 모드’로 접속 후, 정보주체 여부에 따라 사전에 허용된 범위의 증거들에 대해 열람 및 조회, 삭제 확인까지 하는 자기통제형 참여 시스템을 제안하고자 한다.