The relationships among organizational structure, decision-making styles, and organizational effectiveness in sports centers

( Woojeong Cho ),( Kyongmin Lee ),( Chungwan Ryu ) 한국체육학회 2016 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

Purpose: As today’s business environment becomes more complex and specialized, debate has concentrated on whether an individual who has limited knowledge and experience can make rational decisions (Bohm & Brun, 2008; Hayashi, 2001). Accordingly, the current business, management, and organizational literature (Ha, 2013; Min, 2015; Riaz, Riaz, & Batool, 2014) has focused on classifying managerial decision-making styles by the degree to which top management allows group members to participate in the process and determining how managerial decision-making affects organizational effectiveness. However, to date, relatively little research in sport management has investigated the impact of decision-making style on organizational effectiveness. Thus, the present study examined the relationships among organizational structure, decision-making styles, and organizational effectiveness in sports centers for the purpose of determining an optimal decision- making model for sports centers based on organizational structure. Method: For this purpose, a survey was given to a random sample of 341 sports center staff working in D metropolitan city. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, and multiple regression analysis. Result: The major findings of this study were as follows. First, centralization and formalization had a significant effect on the rational and dependent decision styles in sports centers. Second, centralization and formalization had a significant effect on organizational commitment and job satisfaction of employees in sports centers. The most influential dimension of organizational structure that affected employees’ organizational commitment and job satisfaction was formalization. Third, decision-making style had a significant effect on organizational commitment of employees in sports centers. The most influential decision-making style that affected employees’ organizational commitment was the rational decision style. Additionally, the decision-making style had a significant effect on job satisfaction of employees in sports centers. Rational style alone had an effect on employees’ job satisfaction. Conclusion: This study is meaningful in understanding the impact of decision-making style taken from decision theory of Harren (1979) on organizational effectiveness in sport management. The findings of this study shows that sports centers can make optimal decisions based on organizational structure and that decision-making style can affect organizational effectiveness.

지속가능한 유아교육을 위한 유아교육과정 운영 의사결정구조

김소향 한국유아교육ㆍ보육복지학회 2023 유아교육·보육복지연구 Vol.27 No.3

The purpose of this study is to provide a basis for sustainable development education in early childhood education by examining the decision-making structure of early childhood curriculum management as the governance structure of ESG related to sustainable development. The results of examining the five factors in the decision-making structure of early childhood curriculum management, such as children, parents, national level curriculum, directors of early childhood education institutions, and teachers are as follows. Children are divided into maturationism, behaviorism, and constructivism according to the perspective of viewing the development of children, and their influence on the decision-making structure is determined. Based on the stewardship code, parents' demands are reflected in the national level curriculum and directors of early childhood education institutions to affect the decision-making structure. The national level curriculum affects the decision-making structure through a re-understanding of the play-centered curriculum that reflects the educational backgrounds and constructivist educational beliefs of early childhood teachers. Directors of early childhood education institutions affect the decision-making structure according to the type of institution. Finally, teachers affect the decision-making structure according to the process of reforming the national level curriculum and educational beliefs. Therefore, it was discussed that children, parents, national level curriculum, directors of early childhood education institutions, and teachers can affect the decision-making structure of early childhood curriculum according to their perspectives.

장애청년의 장애정체감, 사회적 지지, 진로장벽이진로의사결정에 미치는 영향 연구-진로결정 자기효능감을 매개로-

이문정,나운환 한국장애인복지학회 2013 한국장애인복지학 Vol.- No.20

This study aims to examine whether a structural relationship exists among disability identity, social support, career barriers, and career decision making of young adults with disabilities and to propose a career decision making model by identifying a mediating effect of self-efficacy on career decision-making. Participants in this study were 601 people who have graduated from or are attending at four-year universities across the nation. An effect of mediating variable through Path analysis by applying structural equation model was also conducted. Results of structural equation model indicated that disability identity, social support, career barriers, career decision-making self-efficacy had a significant impact on participants' career decision making. Namely, higher degree of disability identity, stronger social support, higher level of self-efficacy, and decrease in career barriers positively influenced participants' career decision making. Findings also suggested that career decision-making self-efficacy partially played a mediating role between career decision making and career barriers, social support, and disability identity among participants. Based on the findings, it can be inferred that more effort to develop feasible and practical policies to facilitate employment and social integration for young adults with disabilities. Further, disability resources centers at higher educational institutions should create and implement a service delivery program to improve disability identity, strengthen social support, lower the career barriers, and enhance self-efficacy for college attending student with disabilities. Finally, rehabilitation professionals must pay a great deal of attention in order to help young adults with disabilities who are attending at or have graduated from colleges to choose and realize his or her desired career goals. 이 연구는 장애청년의 장애정체감, 사회적 지지, 진로장벽, 진로의사결정 간의 구조적 관계를 파악한 후, 진로결정 자기효능감의 매개효과를 검증하여, 장애청년의 진로의사결정 모형을 제시하는데 그 목적을 두고 있으며, 연구 참여자는 전국의 4년제 대학교 이상의 학력을 가진 18세-34세 장애청년 601명이다. 구조방정식을 이용한 분석결과 장애정체감, 사회적 지지, 진로장벽, 진로결정 자기효능감은 장애청년의 진로의사결정 수준에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 장애청년의 진로의사결정 최종모형 매개효과 검증 결과 진로결정 자기효능감은 진로장벽과 진로의사결정, 사회적 지지와 진로의사결정, 장애정체감과 진로의사결정 간의 경로에서 부분매개로 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 장애청년의 진로․취업과 사회적 자립을 지원하기 위한 정책적․실천적 함의를 제안하였다.

Comparative Analysis on Making Tourism Decisions based on Family Structures in KoreaㆍChinaㆍJapan

Lee, Ha-Jeong(이하정) 대한관광경영학회 2012 觀光硏究 Vol.26 No.6

본 연구는 과거에 비해 사회가 핵가족구조로 변화되고 이로 인한 권위 보수적 가족성향에서 민주 개방적 가족성향으로의 변화가 가족의 의사결정에 어떠한 변화를 가져오게 되었는지에 대한 문제의식을 가지고 시작되었다. 특히 가족관광 의사결정의 과정은 매우 다양하고, 복잡하고, 관찰이 어렵고, 다양한 상황여건에 따라 달라지며, 아웃바운드와 같이 장기간의 광범위한 가족관광 행동일 때에 더욱 복잡한 의사결정을 필요로 하기에 아웃바운드 가족관광자를 그 대상으로 하여 가족성향의 변화에 따른 가족관광 의사결정의 영향관계와 의사결정 과정의 단계에 따른 실제 의사결정 주체의 차이를 실증 분석하였다. 분석결과에 의하면 관광결정단계와 관광활동단계에서는 가족구성원간의 상호영향력이 유의적인 영향을 주고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 관광평가단계에서는 가족구성원간의 상호영향력과 가족 간의 친밀도 순의 영향을 주는 것으로 나타나 가족구성원의 상호영향력과 가족 간의 친밀도와 같은 가족성향변수가 가족관광의 전반을 평가하는 데에 있어 영향을 주고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 아웃바운드 가족관광은 더욱 가족구성원의 상호 심리적 특성과 역할구조 등에 의한 가족구성원의 상대적인 영향력 정도 등 여러 변수들에 의한 차이가 나타나게 되어 실제 의사결정의 주체에 있어서도 각 단계별로 그 항목별로 뚜렷한 차이를 보이고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 국가 간의 서로 다른 시장특성을 바탕으로 이러한 한국과 중국과 일본의 관광의사결정 과정의 차이와 삼국의 관광자 행동을 비교한 본 연구의 결과는 국적별에 따른 차별화된 관광상품의 개발과 여행사의 마케팅 전략의 기초 자료가 될 수 있으며, 국제관광 연구를 통한 국가의 관광정책에도 중요한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. This research began with a critical mind on how the society has changed into a two-generation, nuclear family structure when compared to the past, and what kind of changes such transformation from authoritarian, conservative family tendency to open democratic tendency will bring in terms of family’s decision-making. In particular, process of decision-making on family trips is extremely varied, complicated, difficult to observe and changing according to the variety of circumstances, and requires even further complicated decision-making for long-term, extensive family travels such as overseas trips. Therefore, families planning to take overseas trips were chosen as subjects to substantiate and analyze the relation of decision-making on family trips according to changes in family tendencies and differences, as well as making actual decisions following different stages of decision-making process. According to the result of analysis, mutual influence showed noticeable influences among making sightseeing decisions and conducting sightseeing activities stages, while on sightseeing evaluation stage, mutual influence and closeness within family members were shown to be well influenced, signifying mutual influence and closeness of the family influencing the overall evaluation of the family travel. In addition, airborne family travels showed even more differences resulting from such numerous variables as mutual psychological characteristics and relative influences among the family members from their role structure, thus showing clear differences in actual decision-making of each stage. Based on different market uniqueness found in various countries, this research compared the process of families from Korea, China and Japan Making Tourism Decisions, and contrasted tourist behaviors from the three countries, which can be served as an initial data for developing tourism products that are differentiated according to one’s nationality, as well as for strategic marketing tool for travel agencies. This can also serve as an invaluable data for tourism policy for countries through researches on international tourist industry.

개인적 특성이 위험감수 의사결정에 미치는 영향: 지각된 이득과 지각된 손실의 매개효과를 중심으로

박소영,정은경,손영우 한국사회및성격심리학회 2012 한국심리학회지 사회 및 성격 Vol.26 No.2

This paper proposes the relationship between individual trait and risk-taking decision-making and how perceived benefits and perceived costs would mediate the relationship. Risk-taking tasks were presented in domain-specific daily life situations in study 1. As the results of study 1, need for structure had a higher correlation with risk-taking decision-making in general and domain-specific than need for cognition did. Moreover, the mediation effect of perceived benefits was more consistent than that of perceived costs. To investigate if perceived benefits work more strongly than perceived costs even in framing condition, decision-making scenarios about policy issues were presented in positive(benefits focused) or negative framing(costs focused) in study 2. Need for structure influenced a decision on policy through perceived benefits in negative framing at the .07 level, and the interaction effect of need for structure and framing was significant. This paper implies that perceiving benefits would be more crucial than perceiving costs in risk-taking decision-making, and furthermore, decision could be made differently according to decision-making tasks and how they are presented. 본 연구에서는 개인적 특성(구조화욕구, 인지욕구)이 위험감수 의사결정에 미치는 영향과 더불어 지각된 이득과 지각된 손실의 매개효과를 살펴보았다. 연구 1에서는 일상생활에서 접할 수 있는 위험감수 상황을 영역 별로 제시하였다. 연구 1의 결과에 의하면 구조화욕구가 인지욕구보다 위험감수 의사결정과 더 높은 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났으며, 지각된 이득의 매개효과가 지각된 손실의 매개효과보다 더 일관되게 나타났다. 연구 2에서는 틀 조건에서도 지각된 이득의 매개효과가 지각된 손실의 매개효과보다 더 일관되게 나타나는지 알아보기 위해, 정책결정 상황을 긍정 틀(이득 강조)과 부정 틀(손실 강조)로 나누어 제시하였다. 그 결과, 부정 틀에서만 구조화욕구가 지각된 이득을 통해 정책결정에 영향을 미쳤으며, 구조화욕구가 정책결정에 미치는 영향이 틀에 의해 유의미하게 달라지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 의사결정에서 지각된 이득이 지각된 손실보다 더 중요한 역할을 한다는 것과 더불어, 영역과 과제 제시 방법이 의사결정에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 보여주었다.

스포츠센터의 조직구조, 의사결정 유형 및 조직유효성 간의 관계

조우정(Cho, Woo-Jeong),이경민(Lee, Kyong-Min) 한국사회체육학회 2016 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.65

This study examined the relationships among organizational structure, decision-making styles, and organizational effectiveness in sports centers for the purpose of determining an optimal decision-making model for sports centers based on their organizational structure. For this purpose, a survey was given to a random sample of 341 sports center staff working in D metropolitan city. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlations, and multiple regression analysis. The major findings of this study were as follows. First, centralization and formalization had a significant effect on the rational and dependent decision style in sports centers. Second, centralization and formalization had a significant effect on organizational commitment and job satisfaction of employees in sports centers. The most influential dimension of organizational structure that affects employees’ organizational commitment and job satisfaction was formalization. Third, the decision-making style had a significant effect on organizational commitment of employees in sports centers. The most influential decision-making style that affects employees’ organizational commitment was the rational decision style. Additionally, the decision-making style had a significant effect on job satisfaction of employees in sports centers. Rational style alone had an effect on employees’ job satisfaction.

대학생의 진로결정 자기효능감과 소속학과 및 대학 만족도, 대학생활 적응 간의 구조적 관계

조혜영(HyeYoung Jo) 한국산학기술학회 2023 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.24 No.5

본 연구는 대학생의 진로결정 자기효능감과 소속학과 및 대학 만족도, 대학생활 적응 간의 구조적 관계를 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 수도권 A대학교 재학생 140명을 대상으로 SPSS 25.0과 AMOS 23.0을 이용하여 연구변인들 간의 구조적 관계를 구조방정식으로 분석하였다. 매개효과는 부트스트래핑(bootstrap) 추정방법으로 95% 신뢰 구간에서 검증하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학생활 적응 요인을 중심으로 Pearson의 상관관계 분석결과를 보면, 진로결정 자기효능감과 소속학과 및 대학 만족도와 정적 상관관계가 나타났다. 하위영역인 학업적 적응은 진로결정 자기효능감과 소속학과 및 대학 만족도와 정적 상관관계가 나타났다. 사회적 적응과 개인 · 정서적 적응은 진로결정 자기효능감과 소속학과 만족도와는 정적 상관관계가 나타난 반면, 대학 만족도와는 통계적으로 유의미한 상관관계가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 측정모형은 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 연구변인들 간의 구조적 관계를 분석한 결과, 진로결정 자기효능감이 소속학과 만족도, 대학 만족도, 대학생활 적응에 통계적으로 유의미하게 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 소속학과 만족도는 대학 만족도와 대학생활 적응에 통계적으로 유의미하게 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 대학 만족도는 대학생활 적응에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 매개효과를 분석한 결과 소속학과 만족도가 부분매개 하는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 본 연구결과는 대학생들의 진로결정 자기효능감이 대학생활 적응에 중요한 요인임을 재확인시켜 주는 것이다. 이에 진로결정 자기효능감을 강화시킬 수 있는 방안을 소속학과와 연계하여 제시하고자 한다. This study examined the structural relationship among university students career decision-making self-efficacy, department, university satisfaction, and adaptation to university. For this, the structural relationship among research variables of 140 students at A University in the capital area was analyzed with a structural equation using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 23.0. The mediating effect was verified in the 95% confidence interval using the bootstrap estimation method. The main findings are as follows. First, Pearsons correlation analysis results focusing on university adaptation factors revealed a positive correlation between career decision-making self-efficacy and department and university satisfaction. Academic adaptation, a sub-area, showed a positive correlation between career decision-making self-efficacy and department and university satisfaction. While social adaptation and personal and emotional adaptation showed a positive correlation between career decision-making self-efficacy and department satisfaction, there was no statistically significant correlation with university satisfaction. Second, the measurement model was suitable. An analysis of the structural relationship among research variables showed that career decision-making self-efficacy significantly affected department satisfaction, university satisfaction, and university adaptation. Department satisfaction had a statistically significant effect on university satisfaction and university adaptation. University satisfaction had no statistically significant effect on university adaptation. An analysis of the mediating effect suggested that department satisfaction was partially mediated. The results of this study reconfirm that the career decision-making self-efficacy of university students is an important factor in adapting to university life. Therefore, this paper suggests a way to strengthen career decision-making self-efficacy in connection with the department.

의사결정의 네트워크모형: 국제과학비즈니스벨트계획을 중심으로

배응환 ( Eonghwan Bae ) 한국행정학회 2015 韓國行政學報 Vol.49 No.3

본 연구는 국제과학비즈니스벨트계획 의사결정사례를 토대로 ``네트워크구조가 정책차이를 가져 온다``는 명제를 분석한 것으로 다음과 같을 발견을 하였다. 상이한 네트워크구조는 의사결정에서 상이한 논리를 만들고 있다. 원안의사결정과정에서 조직화된 이익의 정책공동체는 매우 제한된 행위자들 사이에 공식적 통로에 의한 흥정과 협상을 통해 정책결과를 도출하고 있다. 반면에 수정안의사결정에서 분절된 이익의 이슈네트워크는 다수의 행위자들 사이에 공식적 통로보다는 자문과 같은 비공식적 상호작용에 의하여 갈등적인 정책결과를 만들고 있다. 이처럼 차별화된 네트워크구조는 정책의 본질은 유지하면서 정책도구를 바꾸는 점진적인 정책변화를 가져왔다. 이러한 분석을 통하여 얻을 수 있는 시사점은 우리나라의 의사결정성격, 즉 의사결정과정에서의 네트워크구조와 정책변화의 특성을 파악할 수 있고 한국이 직면하는 복잡한 쟁점에 대한 문제해결의 방향을 제시할 수 있다. Taking the proposition that network structures make policy difference, this studyanalyses the decision making of global science business belt plan decision making. Results of analysis reveal the following. Different network structures seem to generate different types of logic in decision making. In the initial decision making, the policy community of organized interests formed policy through bargaining and negotiation using a formal channel between a very limited set of actors. However the modified decision making shows that the issue network of divided interests results in a conflicting policy through chiefly informal interaction, such as consultation between larger actors. In this manner, differentiated networks have emerged, causing incremental change to transform policy instruments at the present state of policy. This study could further understanding of Korea``s characteristics of decision making-that is, the properties of network structure and policy change in decision making-and suggest directions for developing solutions to Korea``s complex policy issues.

경제에 대한 관심도와 경제 이해력이 합리적 의사결정에 미치는 영향

박상은,노현종 한국경제교육학회 2017 경제교육연구 Vol.24 No.3

The main purpose of this study is to identify the structural relationship among interest in economy, economic literacy and rational decision making of korean adults by using a structural equation model. Main findings are as follows; First, the correlation among the interest in economy, the economic literacy and sub-areas, and the rational decision making is statistically significant. Second, the interest in economy brings positive direct and indirect effect on rational decision making through economic literacy. Third, the microeconomics and financial literacy has mediating effect on relations between interest in economy and rational decision making, while the macroeconomics and international economics does not. The result shows that not only the economic literacy but also the interest in economy is the important variable that can bring positive effect on the rational decision making. Moreover, the sub-areas of economic literacy can result different effects on the rational decision making. Thus, it implies that the educational approach and curriculum development need to be closely related to everyday lives. Finally, the significance of this study lies in the fact that the measurement error is applied to the structural equation model and that the direct and indirect effects in the causal relation between the variables are analyzed in one model. 본 연구의 목적은 경제에 대한 관심도, 경제 이해력, 합리적 의사결정 간 구조적 관계를 분석하는 데 있다. 전국의 성인 3,000명을 대상으로 한 경제 이해력 조사 자료를 사용하였고 분석을 위해 구조방정식 모형을 적용하였다. 주요 연구결과는 첫째, 경제에 대한 관심도, 경제 이해력 및 각 하위요인, 합리적 의사결정 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 정적 상관관계가 있음이 확인되었다. 둘째, 경제에 대한 관심도는 경제 이해력을 매개로 합리적 의사결정에 직․간접적으로 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 경제 이해력의 매개효과를 하위요인별로 살펴본 결과 미시경제 및 금융 이해력의 매개효과는 유의하였지만 거시경제 및 국제경제 이해력의 매개효과는 유의하지 않았다. 연구결과를 종합해 볼 때, 합리적 의사결정에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있는 변인으로 경제에 대한 이해력뿐만 아니라 경제에 대한 관심도도 중요한 변인임을 확인하였다. 또한 경제 이해력의 하위요인에 따라 합리적 의사결정에 차별적인 영향을 주는 것이 확인되었으므로 합리적인 의사결정을 도울 수 있도록 생활과 밀접한 주제를 다루는 경제 이해력에 대한 접근방식 및 교육체계가 필요함을 시사한다. 마지막으로 구조방정식모형을 적용함으로써 측정오차를 고려하고 변인 간 인과관계에서 나타나는 직․간접 효과를 한 모형에서 분석하였다는데 의의가 있다.

대학생의 진로결정자기효능감과 셀프리더십, 개인이 인식한 문제해결력 및 진로동기의 인과적 관계

김보경,정철영 한국농·산업교육학회 2012 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.44 No.2

The purpose of this study was to identify the casual relationship among career decision-making self-efficacy, self-leadership, problem solving ability, and career motivation of undergraduates. The population of this study was the students attending four-year colleges or universities. With the stratified random sampling methods, 478 undergraduates were drawn from this population. All of the variables were measured by 2~4 measured variables. Career decision-making self-efficacy was consisted of goal selection, occupational information, planning, and problem-solving. Self-leadership was consisted of behavior-focused strategies, natural reward strategies, and constructive thought pattern strategies. Problem solving ability was consisted problem-solving confidence and approach-avoidance style. Career motivation was consisted of career identity, career insight, and career resilience. The results of this study were as follows: First, the fix indexed of causal model among career decision-making self-efficacy, self-leadership, problem solving ability, and career motivation were identified suitably. Second, self-leadership and career motivation of undergraduates have direct effect on career decision-making self-efficacy. However, problem solving ability has no direct effect on career decision-making self-efficacy. Third, the relationship between self-leadership and career decision-making self-efficacy has moderating effect and so did career motivation. Forth, the relationship between problem solving ability and career decision-making self-efficacy had moderating effect. 이 연구는 우리나라 대학생의 진로결정자기효능감과 셀프리더십, 개인이 인식한 문제해결력 및 진로동기의 관계를 구명하는데 그 목적이 있었다. 이를 위하여 4년제 일반대학교에 재학 중인 학생 478명(남학생 251, 여학생 227명)을 표집하였다. 이때 각각의 잠재변인은 진로결정자기효능감(목표선택, 직업정보, 문제해결, 미래계획), 셀프리더십(행동중심적 전략, 자연보상적 전략, 건설적사고 전략), 개인이 인식한 문제해결력(문제해결자신감, 접근-회피양식), 진로동기(진로정체감, 진로통찰력, 진로탄력성)를 설정 및 측정하였다. 수집된 자료는 구조방정식모형(Structural Equation Modeling)을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 구체적인 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학생의 진로결정자기효능감과 셀프리더십, 개인이 인식한 문제해결력 및 진로동기 간의 인과모형의 적합도가 모두 양호한 것으로 나타나 변인 간의 인과관계를 타당하게 예측하였다. 둘째, 대학생의 셀프리더십과 진로동기는 진로결정자기효능감에 직접적으로 정적인 영향을 미쳤으나, 개인이 인식한 문제해결력의 진로결정자기효능감에 대한 영향은 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 대학생의 셀프리더십과 진로결정자기효능감의 관계에서 개인이 인식한 문제해결력과 진로동기는 모두 부분 매개효과를 보였다. 넷째, 대학생의 개인이 인식한 문제해결력과 진로결정자기효능감의 관계에서 진로동기는 완전 매개효과를 보였다.