국어교육에서 대화 지도를 위한 요구 분석

이수화(Soohwa Lee) 부경대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2023 인문사회과학연구 Vol.24 No.1

대화는 우리 삶과 가장 밀접하고 빈번하게 이루어지는 담화이다. 특히 청소년기는 대화를 통해 자아개념과 가치관 등을 확립해가기 때문에 대화의 중요성이 매우 크다. 이러한 이유로 국어교육에서도 대화 지도를 위한 다양한 교육 내용을 제시하고 있으나 청소년들의 요구가 충분히 반영되지 않은 탓에 실제 대화 능력 향상에 미치는 영향은 매우 미미한 실정이다. 따라서 효과적인 대화교육을 위해 청소년들이 실제 대화를 수행하는 데 있어 중요하거나 필요하다고 생각하는 대화방법을 교육 내용에 적극 반영할 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 청소년의 대화방법에 대한 교육 요구를 분석하여 대화교육 내용을 선정하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 예비조사를 통해 청소년의 대화 실태와 인식을 토대로 측정도구를 개발하였으며, 본조사를 통해 256명의 공통교육과정 대상 청소년의 대화방법 교육 요구를 조사하였다. 분석은 Borich 요구도와 The Locus for Focus모델을 적용하였으며 두 방법 모두 우선순위로 나타난 대화방법 항목을 최우선순위 대화교육 내용으로 선정하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년들은 대체로 이해하기 쉽게 말하기, 명확하게 말하기의 언어적 말하기와 배려하는 말하기, 고운 말 사용하기의 언어 예의 방법에 높은 요구를 보이고 있었다. 둘째, 성별에 따라 교육 요구에 차이를 보였는데, 남학생은 친화력과 자신감 등의 대인적극적 태도에, 여학생은 명확하게 말하기, 맥락과 상황에 맞게 말하기에 높은 요구를 보였다. 셋째, 학교급에 따른 교육 요구를 살펴본 결과 중학생과 고등학생의 요구에 조금씩 차이가 있었으며 특히 중학생은 존중하며 말하기에, 고등학생은 적절한 어휘 사용 방법에 높은 교육 요구가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 최우선순위 대화방법을 대화교육 내용에 반영하고 성별과 학교급에 따른 요구의 차이를 수업 현장에서 고려할 필요가 있음을 제안하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 한계와 의의를 제시하였다. Conversation is the most closely related and frequent discourse in our lives. Especially in adolescence, the importance of dialogue is very great in that self-concept and values are established through conversation. For this reason, Korean language education also presents various educational contents for conversation guidance, but since the needs of teenagers are not reflected, the actual effect on the improvement of conversation skills is very insignificant. Therefore, for effective conversation education, it is necessary to actively reflect the conversation methods that teenagers consider important or necessary to carry out actual conversation in the education contents. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the educational needs of teenagers on conversation methods and select the contents of conversation education. To this end, a measurement tool was developed based on the conversation status and perception of teenagers through a preliminary survey, and through the main survey, 256 teenagers subject to the common curriculum were surveyed for communication method education. For the analysis, Borich's needs and the Locus for Focus model were applied, and the conversation method item, which appeared as a priority in both methods, was selected as the highest priority conversation education content. The results of the study are as follows. First, adolescents generally show high demands on easy-to-understand, clear-speaking language, considerate speaking, and fine language. Second, there was a difference in educational needs according to gender. Male students showed high demands on extroversion such as friendliness and confidence, while female students showed high demands on speaking clearly and according to the context and situation. Third, as a result of examining educational needs by school level, there was a slight difference in the needs of middle school students and high school students. In particular, it was found that middle school students spoke with respect, and high school students had high educational demands on how to use vocabulary appropriately. Based on the results of this study, it was suggested that the top priority conversation method should be actively reflected in the contents of conversation education, and that the difference in needs according to gender and school level should be considered in the classroom. Finally, the limitations and significance of this study were presented.

학문적 전통에 따른 담화분석의 이론적 특성 분석

이동성 ( Dong Sung Lee ) 한국교육인류학회 2008 교육인류학연구 Vol.11 No.2

이 글은 학문적 전통에 따른 담화분석의 이론적 특성들을 체계적으로 분석함으로써 교육 분야의 질적 연구에서 분절적으로 인식되고 있는 담화분석의 이론적 이해를 통합하고 확장하는 데 있다. 이를 위한 연구문제는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 담화분석의 의미와 중요성, 주요 연구영역은 무엇인가? 둘째, 담화분석은 각 학문적 전통에 따라 어떠한 이론적 특성을 지니고 있는가? 이 글은 학문적 전통에 따른 담화분석의 이론적 특성을 체계적으로 분석하기 위해 ①학문적 모태, ②언어의 의미, ③기본적 전제(premise), ④인간관/사회적 실재(social reality), ⑤주요 연구대상 및 분석단위, ⑥대표 학자 등의 준거를 활용하였다. ①사회언어학과 의사소통의 문화기술지, ②민속방법론과 회화분석, ③‘사회문화적 관점의 담화심리학’의 각 전통들은 상호간에 유사점과 차이점이 혼재해 있다. 따라서 담화분석을 통해 교육연구를 수행하는 질적 연구자는 자신의 연구에 적합한 담화분석의 학문적 전통과 방법론을 채택해야 하며, 그 학문적 전통과 방법론으로부터 파생되는 중요한 연구대상과 분석단위를 세밀히 파악해야 한다. 또한 질적 연구자는 연구의 필요성과 목적에 따라 담화분석의 여러 학문적 전통들을 융합하여, 자신의 연구에 적합한 새로운 이론적 배경과 방법론들을 창조할 수도 있다. The aim of this paper is to unify and expand theoretical understanding of discourse analysis, which is fragmentarily recognized by qualitative education researchers. This study systematically analyzes theoretical characteristics of discourse analysis through its academic traditions. Also, this paper scrutinizes the meaning, significance and main research domains of discourse analysis. To analyze theoretical characteristics of discourse analysis, this study applied analytical criteria such as academic genesis, the meaning of language, fundamental premise, view of the human and social reality, principal analysis object and analysis unit, and representative scholars. The specific results and conclusions are as follows: ①Sociolinguistics and the ethnography of communication, ②Ethnomethodology and conversation analysis, and ③`Discursive psychology of sociocultural perspectives` had reciprocal analogies and differences. Therefore, qualitative education researchers who perform education study through discourse analysis should select an appropriate academic tradition and method according to his(her) study aim or purpose. And he(she) should elaborately recognize analysis object and unit, which are derived from academic traditions and methods of discourse analysis. Additionally, qualitative education researchers can also create a new theoretical background and method of discourse analysis by blending various academic traditions.

정서 분석 프로파일을 활용한 대화 분석 방법 연구

김평원 ( Pyoung Won Kim ) 한국화법학회 2015 화법연구 Vol.0 No.27

녹음 또는 녹화한 자료를 전사하면서 연구자가 해석하는 방식의 대화 분석법은 대화 참여자의 정서 반응을 객관적으로 파악하는 데 한 계가 있었다. 이 연구에서는 대화 참여자들의 맥파를 실시간으로 측정 하여 정서 반응을 파악할 수 있는 프로파일을 생성하고, 이를 대화 분 석에 활용하는 방법을 제안하였다. 이 연구에서 시도한 방법은 맥파의 파형을 분석하여 혈관의 상태를 추론하는 임상적인 분석이 아니라, 맥 파의 최댓값인 P파와 P파 사이의 간격이 시간에 따라 어떻게 변화하 는 지를 추적하여 대화 중에 일어나는 정서 반응을 실시간으로 파악 하는 것이다. 이러한 프로파일을 통해 대화 참여자의 미묘한 정서 변 화를 읽어냄으로써 대화 분석의 타당도를 높일 수 있다. 분석 방법의 가능성을 9쌍의 부모-자녀 대화 분석에 적용한 결과, 녹음이나 녹화 데이터를 활용하여 전사하는 기존의 대화 분석 방법을 보완하여 타당 도 높은 분석이 가능함을 확인하였다. There is its limitation in conventional conversation analysis. In conventional conversation analysis, transcribing and interpreting recorded data makes it difficult to objectively identify the emotional responses of participants of conversation. In this study, I devised methods to produce profiles that take real-time measurements of Photoplethysmography(PPG) of people who have conversations, to identify their emotional responses to it, and to be used for conversation analysis. This study is not for clinical analysis of Photoplethysmography to infer the condition of blood vessel, but for the real-time identification of emotional responses during the conversation, tracking how P-P interval (the peak of Photoplethysmography curve) changes with the passage of time. The profiles increase the validity of conversation analysis by detecting the subtle emotional responses during the conversation. The test result of analysis model confirms that observational behavioral coding is more effective than conversational analysis that transcribes recorded data.

환경평가 지원을 위한 지역 환경현황 분석 시스템 구축 및 운영 지자체별 미세먼지 기여도 및 전환율(KEI_PM2.5_CR_V2.0)

문난경,서지현 한국환경정책평가연구원 2020 사업보고서 Vol.2020 No.-

Ⅰ. 연구의 배경 및 목적 1. 연구 배경 ❏ 정부는 미세먼지 개선을 위하여 「미세먼지 저감 및 관리에 관한 특별법」을 개정하여 2019년 2월부터 시행 중이며, 이 법에 따라 지자체는 비상저감조치 발령, 자동차 운행제한 등 다양한 정책들을 시행하고 있음 ❏ 미세먼지는 특정 지자체의 관리만으로 개선되기 매우 어렵고, 기상 특성 및 화학 반응으로 인하여 인접 지역에 미치는 미세먼지 영향을 고려하지 않고는 미세먼지 개선을 기대하기 어려움 ❏ 따라서 국가 전체에 대한 누적적이고 광역적인 대기질 현황을 파악하는 것이 매우 중요하며, 과학적이고 정량적인 분석을 기반으로 대기질을 관리하는 것이 필요함 2. 연구 목적 ❏ 본 연구의 목적은 첫째, 2018년에 산정한 17개 광역지자체별 총 255개의 미세먼지 기여도 및 전환율(배출량 1톤당 미세먼지 생성 농도)을 최신 배출량과 기상자료를 적용하여 업데이트하고(KEI_PM2.5_CR_V2.0), 둘째, 면적이 넓고 미세먼지 유발 배출원이 많은 충청남도, 경상남도의 경우 기초지자체에 대한 미세먼지 전환율을 산정·제공하여 실질적인 활용도를 높이는 데 있음 ㅇ 광역지자체별 미세먼지 기여도 및 전환율 자료가 현재를 반영한 실효성 있는 데이터로서 지속적으로 제공 및 활용될 수 있도록 최신 배출량과 기상자료를 사용하여 전국 17개 광역지자체별 물질별(NOx, SOx, NH₃, VOC, PM_2.5), 오염원별(점, 선, 면) PM_2.5 기여도 및 전환율(KEI_PM_2.5_CR_V2.0)을 산정하여 업데이트함 ㅇ 화력발전소가 밀집되어 있는 충청남도 보령, 당진, 태안과 경상남도 고성, 하동을 대상으로 주요 기초지자체에 대한 미세먼지 기여도 및 전환율을 추가적으로 산정하고 공개하여, 권역별 대기질 관리에 활용할 수 있도록 함 Ⅱ. 광역지자체별 미세먼지 기여도 및 전환율 V2.0 산정 ❏ 대기환경평가 시스템 개선을 통하여 전국 17개 광역지자체별, 오염원별(점, 선, 면), 물질별(NOx, SOx, NH₃, VOC, PM_2.5) PM_2.5 기여도 및 전환율 KEI_PM_2.5_CR_V2.0을 산정함 ㅇ 기존 대기환경평가 시스템에서 기상 모델을 업데이트(WRFv3.9.1.1)하였고, 모델링입력 자료인 기상자료와 배출자료를 최신화하였음 ❏ 산정된 미세먼지 전환율 자료를 ‘지역환경분석시스템’에 웹기반 분석 툴 형태로 공개하여 정책 입안자, 개발계획 수립가, 지자체 담당 공무원들이 지자체별 개발계획의 적정성 평가 및 대기개선 정책 도출 등에 활용할 수 있도록 하였음 Ⅲ. 기초지자체별 주요 오염원의 미세먼지 기여도 및 전환율 산정 ❏ 충청남도 보령시, 당진시, 태안군과 경상남도 고성군, 하동군을 대상으로 기초지자체 단위의 물질별(NOx, SOx) 미세먼지 기여도 및 전환율을 산정하였음 ❏ 충청남도 당진시, 보령시, 태안군의 점오염원 NOx, SOx 배출량의 미세먼지 기여도 산정결과, 전반적으로 배출원의 풍하 지역에 위치하면서 NH₃ 배출량이 큰 홍성, 예산지역이 상대적으로 미세먼지의 영향을 크게 받는 것으로 확인되었으며, 보령시 점오염원의 미세먼지 기여도가 당진시나 태안군보다 상대적으로 높게 나타남을 확인할 수 있음. 이러한 결과를 통해, 미세먼지를 개선하기 위해서는 NH₃의 관리가 매우 중요함을 재확인할 수 있음 ㅇ 특히 홍성군은 당진시, 보령시 그리고 태안군 점오염원 SOx 배출량의 미세먼지 기여도가 가장 높게 나타난 지역으로 당진시의 영향이 0.11㎍/m³, 태안군의 영향이 0.06㎍/m³, 보령시의 영향이 0.29㎍/m³로 나타남 ❏ 경상남도 하동군과 고성군의 점오염원 NOx, SOx 배출량의 미세먼지 기여도 산정결과, 고성군 점오염원의 미세먼지 기여도가 하동군 점오염원보다 상대적으로 높게 나타남을 확인하였음 ㅇ 창녕군은 하동군과 고성군 점오염원 NOx 배출량의 미세먼지 기여도가 가장 높게 나타난 지역으로 하동군의 영향이 0.04㎍/m³, 고성군의 영향이 0.16㎍/m³으로 나타남. 또한 진주시는 하동군과 고성군 점오염원 SOx 배출량의 미세먼지 기여도가 가장 높게 나타난 지역으로 하동군의 영향이 0.03㎍/m³, 고성군의 영향이 0.07㎍/m³으로 나타남 Ⅳ. 활용방안 ❏ 본 연구를 통해 산정된 미세먼지 전환율 자료는 해당 지자체의 오염물질 배출량이 증가 혹은 감소할 경우 해당 지역과 인근 지역의 PM_2.5 농도 생성에 어느 정도 영향을 미치는지에 관한 사전 정보를 가지므로 개발계획의 적정성과 대기질 개선을 위한 배출원 규제 등의 대기관리 정책 검토 및 도출 시 유용하게 활용될 수 있음 ❏ 배출량과 미세먼지 농도 생성 전환율은 전문성과 시간이 요구되는 3차원 대기질 모델링을 거쳐 도출되므로 정책 입안자, 개발계획 수립가, 지자체 담당 공무원 등이 직접 수행하기에는 어려움이 있음. 이에 본 연구에서 산정된 결과물을 활용하여 이러한 복잡한 과정 없이 편리하게 사용할 수 있는 자료를 제공하고자 하였으며, 자료 공개 및 활용을 위한 시스템을 구축하여 지자체별 개발계획의 적정성 평가 및 대기개선 정책 도출 시 사용할 수 있도록 하였다는 데 큰 의미가 있음 ❏ 또한 기초지자체별 주요 오염원의 미세먼지 기여도 및 전환율 자료는 대기관리권역수준에서 맞춤형 대기환경관리 정책 수립 시 유용하게 활용될 것으로 기대됨 Ⅰ. Background and Aims of Research 1. Background ❏ The Special Act on the Reduction and Management of Fine Dust was revised in order to improve fine dust management and has been in effect since February 2019 and local governments have implemented various policies such as issuing emergency reduction measures and restricting vehicle operation in accordance with this act. ❏ It is very difficult to improve fine particulate matter concentration only by the management of a specific local government and it is difficult to improve fine particulate matter concentration without considering the effect of fine particulate matter on neighboring regions due to meteorological characteristics and chemical reactions. ❏ Therefore, it is very important to understand the cumulative and panregional air quality status across the entire country and it is necessary to manage air quality based on scientific and quantitative analysis. 2. Aims ❏ The purpose of this study is 1) to update the information on the contributions to fine dust concentration and conversion rate of PM_2.5 calculated in 2018 using the latest emissions and weather data and 2) to calculate and provide the conversion rate of PM_2.5 at the basic local level in Chungcheongnam-do and Gyeongsangnam-do, which have a large area and many air pollutant sources. ㅇ Using the latest emissions and meteorological data, the level of contributions to PM_2.5 concentration and conversion rate of PM_2.5 by source category (point, mobile, and area) and pollutant (NOx, SOx, NH₃, VOC, and PM_2.5) of 17 local governments were calculated and updated to ensure that data reflecting the present states can be continuously provided and efficiently utilized. ㅇ For Boryeong, Dangjin, and Taean in Chungcheongnam-do and Goseong and Hadong in Gyeongsangnam-do where thermal power plants are concentrated, the data on the contributions to PM_2.5 concentration and conversion rate of PM_2.5 of basic local governments were additionally calculated and disclosed so that they can be used for air quality management by region. Ⅱ. Estimation of Contributions to PM_2.5 and Conversion Rates V2.0 by Local Government ❏ In this study, the level of contributions to PM_2.5 concentration and conversion rate of PM_2.5 (KEI_PM_2.5_CR_V2.0) by source category (point, mobile and area) and pollutant (NOx, SOx, NH₃, VOC and PM_2.5) were calculated for 17 local governments using the improved air environment evaluation system. ㅇ The meteorological model in the existing air environment evaluation system was updated and the meteorological data and emission data, which are input data for the model, have been updated. ❏ The calculated data on the conversion rate of PM_2.5 was published in the form of a web-based analysis tool in the ‘Local Environment Analysis System’ so that policy makers, development plan makers, and local government officials can use it for evaluating the adequacy of development plans by local government and developing air quality improvement policies. Ⅲ. Estimation of Contributions to PM_2.5 and Conversion Rates of Major Pollutants by Basic Local Government ❏ The level of contributions to PM_2.5 concentration and conversion rate of PM_2.5 by pollutant (NOx, SOx) were calculated for the basic local government units in Boryeong, Dangjin, and Taean in Chungcheongnam-do and Goseong and Hadong in Gyeongsangnam-do. ㅇ According to the calculated contributions of NOx and SOx emissions from point sources to PM_2.5 concentration in Dangjin, Boryeong, and Taean, Chungcheongnam-do, it was confirmed that Hongseong and Yesan, which are located in the leeward area of the emission source and have a large amount of NH3 emissions, are relatively more affected by PM_2.5. It can be seen that the contributions of point sources in Boryeong to PM_2.5 concentration are relatively higher than those in Dangjin or Taean. From these results, it can be reconfirmed that NH3 management is very important for PM_2.5 management. ㅇ In particular, Hongseong was the region most affected by the contributions of SOx emissions from point sources to PM_2.5 concentration in Dangjin, Boryeong, and Taean. The contributions of emission sources to PM_2.5 concentration by region were 0.11㎍/m³ in Dangjin, 0.06㎍/m³ in Taean and 0.29㎍/m³ in Boryeong. ❏ According to the calculated contributions of NOx and SOx emissions from point sources to PM_2.5 concentration in Hadong and Goseong in Gyeongsangnam-do, the contributions of point sources in Goseong were relatively higher than those in Hadong. ㅇ Changnyeong was the region most affected by the contributions of NOx emissions from point sources to PM_2.5 concentration in Hadong and Goseong. The contributions of emission sources to PM_2.5 concentration by region was 0.04㎍/m³ in Hadong and 0.16㎍/m³ in Goseong. Jinju was the region most affected by the concentrations of SOx emissions from point sources to PM_2.5 concentration in Hadong and Goseong. The contributions of emission sources to PM_2.5 concentration by region was 0.03㎍/m³ in Hadong and 0.07㎍/m³ in Goseong. Ⅳ. Application Plan ❏ The data on the conversion rate of PM_2.5 calculated through this study can be efficiently used when reviewing and developing air management policies such as emission source regulations for assessing the appropriateness of development plans and improving air quality, since we can have information in advance on how much an increase or decrease in pollutant emissions in a certain self-governing province affects the generation of PM_2.5 concentration in the area and nearby areas. ❏ The conversion rate of emissions and fine dust concentration generation is derived through three-dimensional air quality modeling, which requires expertise and time, so it is difficult for policymakers, development planners, and local government officials to carry it out themselves. Therefore, this study aimed to provide data that could be conveniently used without this complicated process. In addition, the significance of this study lies in that a system for the disclosure and utilization of data was established so that it could be used to assess the appropriateness of development plans by local government and draw up air quality improvement policies. ❏ It is expected that the data on the contributions to PM_2.5 concentration and the conversion rate of major pollutants by each basic local government will be useful in establishing customized air environment management policies at the level of the air management zone.

日韓接触場面における二者と三者の初対面会話の話題開始と情報交換の分析 - 会話データ分析の手法を学ぶ教材開発をめざして -

大場美和子 ( Ohba¸ Miwako ) 한국일어교육학회 2021 일본어교육연구 Vol.- No.55

本研究の目的は、日韓接触場面における二者と三者の初対面会話を対象に、話題開始と情報交換の方法の特徴を明らかにし、会話データ分析の初学者対象の教材開発へつなげる観点を考察することである。調査では、日本の大学の留学生1名(韓国語母語話者)を基軸に、20分程度の初対面二者·三者の会話データを収集した。分析では、全会話の話題区分を行い、参加者別に、(1)話題開始の頻度と方法、(2)情報提供数、(3)情報交換の型の集計を行った。分析の結果、(1)は、二者と三者会話で学習者の話題開始の頻度に違いがあり、特に三者会話では参加者間で頻度の不均衡さが観察された。ただし、話題開始の方法は、二者と三者会話でともに情報要求による話題開始が多い傾向が観察された。(2)は、二者·三者会話ともに参加者間で比較的均衡に情報提供が行われる傾向が観察された。(3)は、二者と三者会話でともに、話題を導入する情報要求とそれに対する応答で情報交換が行われる点は共通していた。しかし、三者会話では、2人の母語話者の異なる情報交換の型が観察された。(1)-(3)より、話話題開始や情報交換の型に多様性が見られるものの、参加者間の情報提供数は二者と三者で比較的均等であったと考えられる。さらに、会話後に、各参加者に個別に行ったフォローアップ·インタビューでは、他の参加者と情報交換ができた点などを肯定的に評価する報告を行った。以上をふまえ、会話データ分析の手法を指導する教材開発の観点として3つの提案を行った。 The purpose of this research is to consider and clarify the characteristics of the method of starting a topic and exchanging information in a first meeting conversation between two and three parties in a Japanese-Korean contact situation, with a view to developing teaching materials for beginners of conversation data analysis. In the survey, the author collected the conversation data of two or three people who met for the first time for about twenty minutes, which centered on one international student (a native speaker of Korean) from a Japanese university. In the analysis, the topics of all conversations were classified as : (1) the frequency and method of starting the topic, (2) the amount of information provided, and (3) the types of information exchange which were then tabulated for each participant. The result of the analysis clearly shows that the amount of information provided among the participants was relatively equal even though the number of participants was different. However, diversity was observed in the types of topic initiation and information exchange. Based on the above characteristics, the author made three proposals that will lead to the development of teaching materials from the perspective of teaching conversational data analysis methods.

특집 : 인문언어학의 구상과 전망 : 사회언어학에서의 담화연구 이론과 방법

박용한 ( Yong Han Park ) 연세대학교 언어정보연구원(구 연세대학교 언어정보개발원) 2010 언어사실과 관점 Vol.26 No.-

This paper aims to explain the major discourse analysis theory and method in socio-linguistics. Recently, socio-linguistics has studied the relation between discourse and society for ``discourse`` which is made up of spoken language and written language. The representative approaches of socio-linuguistics are interactional sociolinguistics, ethnography of communication, variation analysis, conversation analysis and critical discourse analysis. And these approaches use the data research methods of participant observation, use of videos data, survey, interview and documentary records investigation. Especially, thesedays the studies on various institution conversation using the participant observation and videos data are increasing. In that process, transcribing method and written languge corpus building method are developing. If we develop the method which can reflect rhythm data, conversation context data, and sociocultural background on transcribing data and corpus data, discourse analysis in socio-linguiscts will soon make a rapid development.

Real-time interaction and sense-making practices

이요안 서강대학교 언어정보연구소 2009 언어와 정보 사회 Vol.10 No.-

here are two analytic approaches that take real-time interaction to be their primary analytic resources: Interactional sociolinguistics and Conversation analysis. This manuscript offers a comparative analysis of these two research programs for their capacity to examine the contingent divergence and unpredictable variants real-time interaction involves. Through this comparison, I contend that conversation analysis offers more faithful account of how discourse is organized by those who participates in the interaction. Conversation analysis comes to terms with the contingency of real-time interaction better as it retrieves sequential organization of discourse-in-interaction whereas interactional sociolinguistics relies on the underlying social variables that are accessible only to analysts. Some exemplary analyses are offered to demonstrate the programmatic differences.

A Conversation-Analytic Approach to Repetition in Waiting for Godot

김해연 한국텍스트언어학회 2008 텍스트언어학 Vol.24 No.-

Repetition is prevalent not only in literary works but also in ordinary conversation. This research examines types and functions of repetition from an interactional perspective in Waiting for Godot, a modern play written by S. Beckett (1954). Adopting notions and methodology of conversation analysis (CA), this research provides a CA-based analysis of repetition in the play. After discussing the plot and explanations of the play, this research shows that repetition is one of the major devices for creating the “absurdity and meaninglessness of life,” which is symbolically represented in terms of “waiting for Godot.” To show that, this study explores functions of repetition in a local domain in the following terms:(i) initiating repair, (ii) mimicking or imitating prior utterances, and (iii) signaling the speaker's emotional attitudes or stance. This study also shows that ‘WAIT FOR GODOT’ functions as a global theme for the play. Exploration of the functions of repetition in the play shows the roles of repetition as devices for creating special effects and signalling the writer's intention, creating in the mind of the audience feelings such as meaninglessness of everyday life, alienation, and dreariness. Finally, this research shows that an interactional approach can be usefully applied to an analysis of conversations in literary works (eg, novels and plays).

Japanese Political Interviews: The Integration of Conversation Analysis and Facial Expression Analysis

Ken Kinoshita 충남대학교 아시아여론연구소 2020 Asian journal for public opinion research Vol.8 No.3

This paper considers Japanese political interviews to integrate conversation and facial expression analysis. The behaviors of political leaders will be disclosed by analyzing questions and responses by using the turn-taking system in conversation analysis. Additionally, audiences who cannot understand verbal expressions alone will understand the psychology of political leaders by analyzing their facial expressions. Integral analyses promote understanding of the types of facial and verbal expressions of politicians and their effect on public opinion. Politicians have unique techniques to convince people. If people do not know these techniques and ways of various expressions, they will become confused, and politics may fall into populism as a result. To avoid this, a complete understanding of verbal and non-verbal behaviors is needed. This paper presents two analyses. The first analysis is a qualitative analysis that deals with Prime Minister Shinzō Abe and shows that differences between words and happy facial expressions occur. That result indicates that Abe expresses disgusted facial expressions when faced with the same question from an interviewer. The second is a quantitative multiple regression analysis where the dependent variables are six facial expressions: happy, sad, angry, surprised, scared, and disgusted. The independent variable is when politicians have a threat to face. Political interviews that directly inform audiences are used as a tool by politicians. Those interviews play an important role in modeling public opinion. The audience watches political interviews, and these mold support to the party. Watching political interviews contributes to the decision to support the political party when they vote in a coming election.

실제적인 대화 자료 작성에 관한 연구

마쯔자끼 마히루 국제한국어교육학회 2006 한국어 교육 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study is to suggest improvement listening materials by application of conversation analysis. The first purpose is to clarify the aspect of conversation. The 2nd purpose is proposing the improvement method of the existing listening teaching materials based on the result. In conversation analysis, it used as a index of analysis of (1)Self repair, (2)Inversion, (3)Fillers, (4)Back channeles, and (5)Making text with the hearer. Analysis showed that the above-mentioned feature often appeared in conversation. Moreover, it turned out that the existing teaching materials may not be enough for presentation of the five above-mentioned items.