알츠하이머 치매 노인의 의사소통 단절에 따른 의사소통 회복전략 특성

김선영,박희준 대한신경계작업치료학회 2019 재활치료과학 Vol.8 No.4

Objective : Many communication recovery strategies should be used when communication breakdowns occur for successful communication, however, communication problems increase due to inadequate use of such strategies in older people with dementia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of recovery strategy between dementia and the elderly in conversational discourse. Method : The subjects were eight of Alzheimer's dementia and 10 general elderly. Conversation discourse tasks were conducted face-to-face with the subjects. Communication breakdown and communication recovery strategies were analyzed based on 200 utterances collected in the conversation discourse. Result : First, the AD group had more communication breakdown than the control group, but the recovery rate did not differ between the groups. Second, in the AD group, the nonspecific recovery strategy and the clarification demand strategy were used as the expression strategy. The recovery rate after using expressive strategy was more than 90% in explanation strategy, combined strategy, nonspecific repair strategy, and repetition confirmation strategy. The response strategy used a lot of paraphrase strategy and combined strategies, and the recovery rate after using the response strategy was 100% for the simplification strategy, repeat strategy and gesture strategy. Conclusion : The AD group showed more breakdown of research subjects and breakdown of researchers than control group, and it showed ability to use various expression strategy and response strategy though there was difference in repair rate between communication repair strategy. AD group used nonspecific repair strategy in expression strategy the most and paraphrase strategy in response strategy the most. This shows different characteristic from ordinary elderly people. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize this repair strategy for rehabilitation of AD elderly. 목적 : 성공적인 대화를 위해서 의사소통 단절이 일어났을 때 여러 가지 의사소통 회복 전략을 사용해야하지만 치매 노인의 경우 그 전략을 적절하게 사용하지 못하여 의사소통 문제가 증가된다. 이에 대화담화에서 치매 노인의 의사소통 단절 유형에 따른 의사소통 회복 전략 특성이 일반 노인과 어떻게 다른지알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 본 연구는 65세 이상 여성 노인 중 알츠하이머 치매(Alzheimer's dementia; AD) 노인 8명과일반 노인 10명을 대상으로 집단 간 대화 담화에서 의사소통 단절 유형에 따른 의사소통 단절 수와 회복률차이와 집단별 회복전략의 특성에 대해 알아보았다. 연구자는 연구대상자와 1:1로 대화 담화 과제를 실시하였으며 수집된 발화 중 200 발화를 기준으로 의사소통 단절과 의사소통 회복전략을 기준으로 분석하였다. 결과 : 첫째, AD 집단은 일반 집단보다 의사소통 단절 수가 많았으나 의사소통 단절의 회복률은 집단 간차이가 나지 않았다. 둘째, AD 집단에서 의사소통 회복전략 중 표현 전략은 비구체적 회복 전략, 명료화요구 전략이 많이 사용되었으며 표현 전략 사용 후 회복률은 설명 전략, 복합 전략, 비구체적 전략, 반복확인 전략이 90% 이상으로 나타났다. 반응 전략은 바꾸어 말하기 전략, 복합 전략이 많이 사용되었으며, 반응 전략 사용 후 회복률은 간략히 말하기 전략, 반복하기 전략, 몸짓 전략이 100%로 나타났다. 결론 : AD 집단은 의사소통 단절이 일반 집단에 비해 많았으며, 의사소통 회복 전략 간 회복 빈도의 차이는있지만 다양한 표현 전략과 반응 전략을 사용하는 능력이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 특히 AD 집단은 표현전략에서는 비구체적 전략을 많이 사용하였으며, 반응 전략에서는 바꾸어 말하기 전략을 가장 많이 사용했다. 이는 일반 집단과 다른 특성으로 AD 노인의 언어 재활에 활용되길 기대해 본다.

Relationships between Crisis Communication Strategies in Korea Baseball Organization(KBO) on Bad Calls and Public Relations

( Jung Sup Bae ),( Bum Gyu Im ),( Doyeon Won ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Purpose: This study applied the situation crisis communication theory in order to investigate the effects of umpires` bad calls and crisis communication strategies on perceived public relations. The primary purpose of the current study is to compile and provide basic data and information that sports organizations can use to handle crises like bad calls with effective communication and public relations strategies. Method: A total of 320 copies of surveys were distributed at college campus and baseball stadium. And 275 copies of the questionnaires were analyzed except 45 copies found as problematic through reviewing the collected questionnaires. Four scenarios were designed to simulate crisis types(critical vs. simple umpires` bad calls) and communication strategies(defensive vs. accommodative). Data were analyzed using frequency analysis, and reliability analysis as well as confirmatory factor analysis for measurement reliability and validity. In addition, t-test and ANOVA were made in use of SPSS 20.0, AMOS 20.0 program on the collected data. Result: A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to determine whether the data fit the measurement model, χ2/df = 2.13, CFI = .950, TLI = .938, RMSEA = .064(pre- public relations) and χ2/df = 2.22, CFI = .947, TLI = .935, RMSEA = .067(post- public relations). The composite reliability values, average variance extracted, and Cronbach alpha values were all above the suggested threshold values (Hair et al., 2010; Nunnally, 1978). First, commitment and local involvement work better with accommodative communication strategies than with defensive ones, regardless of whether bad calls have been made. Second, trustworthiness worsens with defensive communication strategies, irrespective of whether bad calls have been made. Accommodative communication strategies regarding critical bad calls work more effectively on public relations than accommodative communication strategies regarding simple bad calls. Third, reputation works better with accommodative communication strategies than with defensive communication strategies in all situations. Conclusion: This study analyzes the Korea Baseball Organization (KBO)`s crisis communication strategy regarding umpires` bad calls, and the strategy`s impact on public relations. In both critical and simple umpires` bad calls, accommodative communication strategies deemed effective in maintaining public relations. Thus, KBO should utilize accommodative communication strategies better than defensive communication strategies when crisis like to umpires` bad calls is occurred.

Identifying Korean College Learners’Communication Strategies in English-Mediated Classes

전지현 팬코리아영어교육학회 2012 영어교육연구 Vol.24 No.3

This study investigated communication strategies used by Korean college students in English-mediated classes. Specifically, this study looked into the types of communication strategies and their relationship with learners’ facets. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed and 116 college students participated in this study. Regarding the types of communication strategies, the result showed that the participants utilized all types of communication strategies somewhat evenly, although the participants showed the highest mean value in the strategy category of ‘use of all purpose words.’About the relationship between communication strategy use and learners’ facets, this study reported that ‘L2 proficiency,’ ‘learning motivation,’ ‘anxiety’ and ‘self-confidence’ could be factors explaining communication strategy use of Korean college learners, with the fact that the quantitative analysis showed no significant learners’ facets explaining the participants’ communication strategy use. However, the quantitative analysis showed that there were two learners’ facets explaining the participants’ use of ‘avoidance’ types of communication strategies. Discussion and pedagogical implication were provided toward a more efficient communication strategy study.

Identifying Korean College Learners’ Communication Strategies in English-Mediated Classes

Jihyun Jeon 팬코리아영어교육학회(구 영남영어교육학회) 2012 영어교육연구 Vol.24 No.3

This study investigated communication strategies used by Korean college students in English-mediated classes. Specifically, this study looked into the types of communication strategies and their relationship with learners’ facets. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed and 116 college students participated in this study. Regarding the types of communication strategies, the result showed that the participants utilized all types of communication strategies somewhat evenly, although the participants showed the highest mean value in the strategy category of ‘use of all purpose words.’ About the relationship between communication strategy use and learners’ facets, this study reported that ‘L2 proficiency,’ ‘learning motivation,’ ‘anxiety’ and ‘self-confidence’ could be factors explaining communication strategy use of Korean college learners, with the fact that the quantitative analysis showed no significant learners ‘facets explaining the participants’ communication strategy use. However, the quantitative analysis showed that there were two learners’ facets explaining the participants’ use of ‘avoidance’ types of communication strategies. Discussion and pedagogical implication were provided toward a more efficient communication strategy study.

Communication Strategies: Based on Phoebe from Friends

이지현 영상영어교육학회 2012 영상영어교육 (STEM journal) Vol.13 No.2

Since communication competence has become a topic of interest in language learning and teaching, there has been a lot of research into communication strategies. Tarone (1981) claimed communication strategies are used to compensate for deficiencies in the linguistic system. Communication strategies are avoidance strategies and compensatory strategies and the research has focused largely on the compensatory nature of communication strategies (Brown, 2007). This study investigates other aspects of communication strategies. Communication strategies should pertain to the communication not just to language. The aim of communication is the delivery of a speaker’s intention. Just avoiding or compensating for the linguistic difficulties is a passive way to communicate. In real communicative situations, taking control in a conversation is more important than linguistic knowledge. If this kind of strategy can be taught in the classroom, it would be appropriate to teach how to establish the leading position in a conversation. In regard to this point, this study examines the communication strategies of the character Phoebe in the popular American sitcom Friends. Phoebe always beats her friends in conversations. The study tries to find out her strengths and what strategies she uses to hold the lead in communication.

Effects of Strategy-based Instruction on Korean EFL College-level Students' English Speaking Abilities and their Communication Strategy Use

Kyung-Ah Yu 한국언어연구학회 2016 언어학연구 Vol.21 No.1

The research of communication strategies has been conducted over three decades. A considerable amount of studies have focused on the identification and classification of communication strategies. However, there has been relatively a small amount of research on the relationship of communication strategy use, types of task, and strategy instruction effect. This study examines how strategy-based instruction could affect Korean EFL college-level students' English speaking abilities and their strategy use in relation to two speaking task types. A total of 81 students participated in the research, and they were divided into the experimental group who received the strategy instruction and the control group who had no strategy instruction. The results showed that both control and experimental groups have significantly improved their speaking proficiency in terms of their overall speaking performance. However, when their speaking abilities were compared by subscales, such as accuracy, fluency and pronunciation, significant differences were found in the accuracy and fluency areas on the picture description. The findings also revealed that the strategy instruction positively influenced the students' use of the speaking strategies, and their strategy uses were somewhat different from the task type. Theoretical and pedagogical implications are discussed.

글로벌 환경에서의 위기관리 커뮤니케이션: 국가 이미지와 위기 유형, 위기 커뮤니케이션 전략의 역할을 중심으로

장천락,성민정 한국PR학회 2021 PR연구 Vol.25 No.4

Objectives The current study attempts to examine the role of country image in crisis communication. More specifically, it examines how the image of a country influences the effectiveness of a global company’s crisis responses depending on the type of crisis and the type of crisis response strategy. Methods To investigate the research hypothesis and research questions, a total of 302 undergraduate and graduate students participated in a 2(crisis type: malevolence, organizational misdeeds)×2(country image: favorable, unfavorable)×2(crisis communication strategies: defensive, accommodative) factorial design experiment. Results The results of the study show that country image affected the public's perception of crisis responsibilities in that a company with an unfavorable country image was perceived to be more responsible than that with a favorable country image. The type of crisis communication strategy also had a main effect as the public perceived a lower level of crisis responsibility when a company adopted an accommodative strategy compared with a defensive strategy. In addition, an interaction effect was found between the type of crisis and crisis communication strategy, crisis type, country image and crisis communication strategy in the perception of crisis responsibility. Conclusion The findings show the importance of the country image in crisis communication. Corporate communication managers of multinational companies need to consider the country image of their headquarters when developing communication strategies. Researchers are encouraged to further examine a variety of situational factors of crisis situations, such as a country image. 연구목적국가이미지는 글로벌 경영 활동을 하는 다국적기업이 의사 결정 시 고려해야 할 요소 중 하나로, 본 연구는다양한 위기 상황에서 기업이 어떻게 국가이미지를 고려하면서 효과적으로 위기 커뮤니케이션을 할 수 있는지살펴보았다. 연구방법총 302명을 대상으로 위기 유형(악의/범죄), 국가 이미지(호의적/비호의적), 위기 커뮤니케이션 전략(방어적/수용적)을 주요 변수로 설정해 온라인 상에서 2×2×2의 요인 설계 실험을 실시하였다. 연구결과국가 이미지는 위기 책임성 인식에 영향을 미쳐, 호의적 국가 이미지를 가진 기업보다 비호의적 국가 이미지를가진 기업의 위기 책임성이 높게 인식되었다. 또한 방어적 전략보다 수용적 전략을 사용할 때 공중은 위기에대한 기업의 책임을 더 높게 인식했으며, 위기 책임성 인식에 있어서 위기 유형과 위기 커뮤니케이션 전략 간, 위기 유형, 국가 이미지와 위기 커뮤니케이션 전략 간 상호작용 효과도 통계적으로 유의미하게 나타났다. 더불어위기 커뮤니케이션 수용도에 있어서 위기 유형의 주효과도 발견되어, 범죄에 비해 악의로 인한 위기일 때 위기커뮤니케이션 수용도는 더 높았다. 위기 커뮤니케이션 수용도에 대한 국가 이미지와 위기 커뮤니케이션 전략의주효과는 유의미하지 않았지만 그들 간의 상호작용 효과는 나타났다. 결론 및 함의본 연구의 결과는 위기 커뮤니케이션을 연구자들에게 국가이미지의 중요성을 시사하며, 실제 위기 발생 시 위기관리자들은 위기 유형과 국가이미지를 고려하여 가장 효과적인 위기 커뮤니케이션 전략을 수립할 수 있을 것이다. 보다 구체적으로, 기업의 책임성이 높은 위기 상황에서 호의적 국가 이미지를 가진 기업이 수용적 전략을사용하면 공중의 위기 커뮤니케이션 수용도가 더 높고, 국가이미지가 비호의적이면 방어적 전략을 사용하는 것이위기 커뮤니케이션 수용도를 높일 수 있다.

The Impact of Communication Strategy Training on WTC and Strategy Use

박효나,양재석 현대영어교육학회 2021 현대영어교육 Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of communication strategy training on tertiary EFL students’ willingness to communicate (WTC) and their strategy use. The experimental group received a 7-week intervention involving communication strategy-based training. Both quantitative and qualitative data, including self-report questionnaires on communication strategy and WTC, transcriptions of think-aloud protocols, strategy logs, and short memos, were collected. Pre- and post-oral communication tasks were given to measure changes in participants’ actual use of CSs. Seven strategies, including code-switching, appeal for assistance, non-verbal expression, word coinage, avoidance, circumlocution, and approximation were introduced in a college language classroom setting. The results showed that the explicit communication strategy instruction had a positive impact on both WTC and strategy use. Specifically, there was a significant increase in the participants’ use of four compensatory strategies, approximation, word-coinage, code-switching, and non-verbal expression, after seven weeks of CS training. The findings suggest that the students’ increase in the use of four CSs was closely related to their increase of the awareness of the CSs. Therefore, raising learners’ awareness of CSs, training them to apply the strategies, and providing opportunities for practice can enhance their communication abilities.

부모-자녀 의사소통과 학교생활적응과의 관계: 정서조절전략의 매개효과

정희선,조민아 한국청소년학회 2014 청소년학연구 Vol.21 No.12

On the basis of prior research findings, the current study hypothesized that father-child communication, mother-child communication would affect early adolescents' school life adjustment through emotion regulation strategies. Structural equation modeling were utilized with data from 689 Korean elementary school students(5th and 6th graders) in order to examine these hypotheses. Analyses of structural equation modeling revealed that a model with the direct link between father-child communication/mother-child communication and school life adjustment produced good fit to the data. Results showed that the relationship between father-child communication /mother-child communication and school life adjustment was partially mediated by active emotion regulation strategy and support seeking emotions regulation strategy. Especially, father-child communication has bigger influence on school life adjustment through active emotion regulation strategy and support seeking emotion regulation strategy than mother-child communication. The relationship between father-child communication /mother-child communication and school life adjustment was not mediated by avoidance-dispersion strategy. Implications of the findings for counseling and school practice and future research directions are discussed. 본 연구에서는 선행연구들을 근거로 하여 부모-자녀 의사소통이 초기 청소년의 학교생활적응에 미치는 영향에 대해 정서조절전략이 매개하는 연구모형을 설정하고, 경험적 자료를 통해 모형의 적합도를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 경기도 소재 초기 청소년(초등학교 5, 6학년) 689명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, 구조방정식 모형을 적용하여 가설모형의 적합도 및 매개변인들의 간접효과를 검증하였다. 자료 분석 결과, 정서조절 전략 중 능동적 전략과 지지추구적 전략은 부-자녀 의사소통, 모-자녀 의사소통과 학교생활적응을 부분 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 부-자녀 의사소통과 모-자녀 의사소통은 학교생활적응에 직접적으로 유의미한 긍정적 영향을 미칠 뿐 아니라 능동적 전략과 지지추구적 전략 두 가지의 정서조절전략의 매개를 통해 간접적으로도 영향을 미쳤다. 특히 부-자녀 의사소통이 능동적 양식을 매개로 학교생활적응에 가장 큰 영향을 주었다. 그리고 정서조절 전략 중 회피분산적 전략은 부-자녀 의사소통, 모-자녀 의사소통과 학교생활적응과의 관계를 매개하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 상담과 교육에 대한 시사점 및 후속 연구에 대한 제언을 논하였다.

아동이 지각한 부모-자녀간 의사소통 및 자아탄력성과 친구간 갈등해결전략과의 관계

장영수(Young Su Chang),박영숙(Young Sook Park) 대한스트레스학회 2008 스트레스硏究 Vol.16 No.3

본 연구는 아동의 친구간 갈등해결전략에 있어서 부모-자녀간 의사소통, 자아탄력성이 어떤 관계가 있는지를 파악함으로써, 아동의 친구간 갈등해결전략에 영향을 미치는 요인을 규명하고자 하였다. 대상자는 서울, 인천 지역의 6학년 아동 557명이었으며, 연구에 사용된 측정도구는 부모-자녀간 의사소통 척도(Barnes & Olson, 1982)와 자아탄력성 척도(Block & Kremen, 1996), 친구간 갈등해결전략 척도(Bae SY, 2000)이다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 여아가 남아보다 어머니와 개방형 의사소통을 많이 하고, 남아가 여아보다 지배 전략을 많이 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 아버지, 어머니와의 개방형 의사소통은 자아탄력성과 정적 상관을, 문제형 의사소통은 자아탄력성과 부적 상관을 나타냈다. 또한 아버지, 어머니와의 개방형 의사소통은 절충 및 협력 전략과 정적 상관을 나타냈고, 자아탄력성은 절충 및 협력, 회피, 지배 전략과 정적 상관을 나타냈다. 셋째, 부모-자녀간 의사소통과 자아탄력성이 친구관계에서의 갈등해결전략에 미치는 상대적 영향력을 살펴본 결과, 절충 및 협력 전략에는 자아탄력성, 아버지 및 어머니와의 개방형 의사소통, 아버지와의 문제형 의사소통이 영향을 미쳤다. 회피 전략에는 자아탄력성, 아버지와의 개방형 의사소통이, 양보 전략에는 아버지와의 문제형 의사소통, 자아탄력성, 아버지와의 개방형 의사소통이 영향을 미쳤다. 지배 전략에는 자아탄력성, 아버지와의 개방형 의사소통, 어머니 및 아버지와의 문제형 의사소통이 영향을 미쳤다. 이러한 결과들을 종합해보면, 자아탄력성과 아버지와의 개방형 의사소통은 친구간 갈등해결전략 하위요인 전체에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 친구간 갈등해결전략에 있어서 자아탄력성이 부모-자녀간 의사소통보다 영향력이 컸으며, 아버지와의 의사소통이 어머니와의 의사소통보다 영향력이 컸다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 아동이 친구간 갈등을 건설적인 방법으로 해결할 수 있도록 자아탄력성을 높일 수 있는 방안을 교육프로그램으로 활용하고, 개방적인 부모-자녀간 의사소통이 이루어질 수 있도록 부모교육을 강화해야 할 필요성이 제기되었다. This study attempts to identify the factors which have an influence on the conflict resolution strategies a child employs with his/her peers by focusing on the relationship between a child’s conflict resolution strategy and parent-child communication as well as ego-resilience. This study analyzed 557 sixth graders from elementary schools in Seoul and Incheon. The scales of measurement used were parent-child communication scale (Barnes & Olson, 1982), ego-resilience scale (Block & Kremen, 1996), and child’s conflict resolution strategies scale (Bae, 2000). The results of this study are as follows; 1) Girls seemed to engage in more open communication with their mothers than boys and the boys were inclined to use dominating strategies more frequently than girls. 2) The result of correlations analysis showed positive correlation between open communication with parents and ego-resilience, and negative correlation between problem communication with parents and ego-resilience. Open communication with parents was positively correlated with compromising-integration strategies while ego-resilience showed positive correlation with compromisingintegration strategies, avoiding strategies, and dominating strategies. 3) The results of multiple regression analysis showed that compromising-integration strategies are influenced by ego-resilience, open communication with parents, and problem communication with fathers. Avoiding strategies are influenced by ego-resilience, and open communication with fathers. Obliging strategies are influenced by problem communication with fathers, ego-resilience, and open communication with fathers. Dominating strategies are influenced by ego-resilience, open communication with fathers, and problem communication with parents. Concluding from these observations, ego-resilience and open communication with fathers seem to be highly correlated with conflict resolution strategies a child could employ. In addition, ego-resilience seems to have more influence on the conflict resolution strategies than parent-child communication. Also, communication with fathers seemed more influential compared to communication with mothers. Therefore, additional attention should be paid to the children in order to allow them opportunities to develop ego-resilience and intensive educational courses should be offered to the parents to encourage open communication with their children.