염분(鹽分)과 태양광(太陽光)에 동시(同時) 노출(露出)된 염색모발(染色毛髮)의 색상변화(色相變化)

강윤경 ( Yun Kyung Kang ),조지훈 ( Ji Hoon Cho ) 한국미용학회 2008 한국미용학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Because three sides of our country is surrounded by the sea, chances are very high for our hair to be exposed to the saline air. Expecially, during the summer vacation time on the seashore, because our hair is directly open to the strong ultraviolet and the seawater, our hair is highly likely to be damaged. Until now, there have been several researches investigating effects of the solar light exposure on the chemico-physical change of hair; however, effects of the saline water on hair have not been fully investigated. Therefore, in this thesis, the color change of the dyed hair is experimentally evaluated after dipping the hair in the saline water and exposing to the solar light. SEM images are also taken to compare and analyze the color change of the dyed hair with the degree of the surface damage. Through experiments, greater color change is measured on the hair which is dipped in the saline water with higher concentration and exposed to the solar light for longer period of time. This result means that the hair gets sensitive to the solar light leading to greater color change if the hair is affected to the saline water. Damaged hair also shows greater color change than the virgin hair because damaged hair is more sensitive to the solar light due to the surface damage. From surface investigation based on SEM images, hairs with greater color change have greater damages on its surface. Finally, the degree of color change and the surface damage of hair is greater for the hair dyed with reddish color (Black<Brown<Red<Yellow), which means that the hair dyed by red or yellow color reacts more actively with the solar light than the hair dyed by black or brown color.

샴푸 시술에 따른 산성코팅 염모제품의 색도변화에 관한 연구 Ⅰ

왕혜자(Hye-Ja Wang) 한국인체미용예술학회 2007 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.8 No.3

  In this paper, to investigate chromaticity change of acid-coloring hair dye by shampoo number of times, we measured chromaticity change on the domestic brand company"s products(Amos, Shinsung, Sarangsae). In the case of red color, SR co. was shown both lightness index(L*) and chromaticity index(a* and b*) big change while A co. and SS co. were very stable. In the case of yellow color, while lightness index(L*) and red-chromaticity index(a*) were seldom shown big difference, yellow-chromaticity index(b*) was shown big change. In the case of blue color, while SS co. and SR co. were very stable, a lightness index(L*) and yellow-chromaticity index(b*) of A co. altered greatly. In the effect for color space by products, A co."s chromaticity change was not big, and SS co"s a little change, SR co."s in red color and yellow color big change. Through the study of chromaticity change of acid-coloring hair dyeing product by shampoo number of times, could grasp tendency of chromaticity change by products and colors for domestic brand"s products.

빛과 공간의 변전에 관한 연구

홍승대 한국디지털건축·인테리어학회 2008 한국디지털건축인테리어학회 논문집 Vol.8 No.1

Light creates ambiance that affects our impression of space. Before the modern age, the role of light is a religious factor and a primitive state to see. In the modern space design, light is used to achieve the continuous transformation and translation of building's image. Ever-changing space is a flexible corresponding of space to its environment, caused by certain dynamic light. The space turn into some other thing from what it was before, or just changing its character. approaching men and society with different meanings. The purpose of this study is to explore the relation between light(natural and artificial) and ever-changing space through the case study. The impacts of light on ever-changing in today's space design can be summarized as follows. 1) Materialization of light in space design. Nowadays light becomes a form itself. The geometric properties of the space form play a secondary role as compared to the importance assigned to light. 2) Pixelization of space by a light effect. The impacts of digital technology on the space design have come through enhancing the 'pixelization' of the surface from which buildings are made their responsiveness and adaptability to changing needs. The surface with ever-changing lights that blur the boundary of space and expand the image of space.

미술치료 공간의 색채(빛)환경에 따른 대학생의 감성변화와 누리에 채색간의 상호관계

김선희,김정필,임지향 한국미술치료학회 2011 美術治療硏究 Vol.18 No.6

This study was conducted in order to understand the effects of color(light) environment of art therapy space on Nurie coloring and emotional change, as a first step for understanding the impact of color(light) environment of art therapy space on client's emotion. The color(light) environment of art therapy space was changed by using LED lightings which have different correlated color temperatures(CCT) of 7500K or 2900K. Emotional assessment and Nurie coloring were conducted for 50 number of university students by using emotional evaluation questionnaire proposed by Soon-Duk Jee(2007) and Aura Nurie by Suenaga Tamio, respectively, and the results were analyzed using a SPSS19.0. The results showed that the color(light) environment having CCT of 2900K caused emotions such as 'sentiment', 'relaxing', 'dignity', 'warm', and 'soft'. Meanwhile, the color(light) environment having CCT of 6500K caused emotions such as 'dynamic', 'clear', 'refreshing', 'vivid', and 'cool'. Futhermore, main colors of Nurie coloring, conducted under the different color(light) environment having CCT of 6500K, were analyzed as warm colors which are related to 'psychology with extroverted tendency' in color chart of 'Heart & Color'. However, main colors of Nurie coloring, conducted under the different color(light) environment having CCT of 2900K, were analyzed as cold colors which are related to 'psychology with introverted tendency' in color chart. In conclusion, the color(light) environment of art therapy space have significant impacts on the main colors of Nurie coloring and emotional change, which implies that client's emotion can be varied as color(light) environment of art therapy space changes. 본 연구는 미술치료실 조명의 색온도가 실험대상자의 감성변화에 미치는 영향과 누리에 채색에서 나타난 주조색의 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자, 색온도 6500K 및 2900K의 LED조명이 설치된 미술치료실에서 20대의 대학생 50명을 대상으로 2011년 4월부터 2011년 6월까지 실험을 실시하였다. 감성평가는 지순덕(2007)에 의해 제시된 감성평가 설문지를 사용하였고 누리에 채색 분석은 컬러차트를 사용하였다. 연구결과, 미술치료실 조명의 색온도가 2900K인 색채(빛)환경은 정감 있고, 편안하고, 중후하며, 은은하고, 따뜻하고 고풍스러운 감성을 나타내었고, 색온도가 6500K인 색채(빛)환경은 활기 있고, 선명하고, 상쾌하며, 강렬하고 시원한 감성을 나타내었다. 또한 누리에 채색의 주조색 변화를 컬러차트를 이용하여 분석한 결과, 조명의 색온도가 낮은 2900K의 색채(빛)환경 하에서는 난색 계열의 외향적 심리 색상이, 조명의 색온도가 높은 6500K의 색채(빛)환경 하에서는 한색 계열의 구심적 심리 색상이 주조색으로 사용됨을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 조명의 색온도 변화로 만들어진 미술치료실의 색채(빛)환경의 변화가 실험대상자의 감성변화에 영향을 주었고 이에 따라 누리에 채색에서 나타난 주조색도 변화하였음을 알 수 있었다.

백색광주사간섭계에서 편광을 고려한 반사시 위상 변화에 대한 연구

김영식,김승우 한국광학회 2004 한국광학회지 Vol.15 No.4

The phase change due to the reflection from target surfaces in a white-light interferometer induces measurement errors when target surfaces are composed of dissimilar materials. We prove that this phase change on reflection as the polarization of the white-light changes causes a shift of both envelope peak position and fringe peak position of several tens of nanometers as the polarization of the white-light changes. In addition, we propose a new equation for white-light interference fringes depending on the polarization of the source. 백색광주사간섭계는 금속 물질의 반사시 발생하는 위상 변화에 의해 금속의 두께 측정에서 수십 나노 미터(nm)의 오차를 갖는다. 실제로 반도체 공정이나 초 정밀가공 부품에 많이 쓰이는 금, 은, 알루미늄, 크롬 등의 금속은 약 10∼30 nm의 측정 오차를 야기 시킨다. 본 논문에서는 수치 해석을 통해 백색광의 편광을 고려한 반사시 위상 변화에 의해서 간섭무늬의 두 정점, 위상 정점과 가시도 정점이 이동함을 보인다. 또한 백색광의 두 편광성분, 수직 편광성분과 수평 편광성분에 의해 재구성된 간섭 무늬식을 제안한다.

운전자의 방향지시등 사용에 영향을 주는 요인들

홍승권(Seung Kweon Hong),김정식(Jung Sik Kim) 대한인간공학회 2018 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.37 No.5

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate several factors that affect the drivers" turn signal light usage. Background: If drivers" use of the turn signals increases, the traffic accident rate can be significantly lowered. Many countries are making a variety of efforts to increase the driver"s use of turn signals. However, studies on factors affecting the use of turn signal lights have not yet been conducted in various ways. Method: Observational study and questionnaire study were conducted together. In the observational study, we observed how the turn signal usage rate varied by six variables; four situations in which the driver should use the turn signal lights, the driving time, the driving location, the driver"s use of the safety seat belt, the driver"s sex and whether or not the vehicle in front of the observed vehicle uses turn signal lights. In the questionnaire study, participants were asked two questions; of the situations in which the driver must use the turn signal lights, the situation with the highest priority and why not using the turn signal lights. Results: As a result of observational study, the usage rate of turn signal light was 67.3%. According to the result of the Chi-square test, the usage rate of the turn signal light was different according to five factors among the six factors. There was no difference in the usage rate of turn signal light according to driver"s sex. The results of the questionnaire study showed that the priority of using turn signal lights was lowest in the situation of lane change and that the most important reason why drivers do not use turn signal lights was that there is no rear vehicle. Conclusion: According to the observational study, drivers" turn signal light usage was variable due to various factors. This may be because many drivers do not use the turn signal lights unconsciously and tend to use the turn signal lights selectively depending on the circumstances. The tendency to use no turn signal in the absence of the following vehicle, as shown in the results of the survey, also mean that drivers do not unconsciously use turn signals. In order to improve the level of traffic safety, it is necessary to increase the factors that have a positive effect on the usage rate of the turn signal lights, and at the same time encourage drivers to use the turn signal lights habitually. Application: The results of this research can be useful in designing a plan to increase the driver"s turn signal light usage rate.

Effects of LED light spectra on the endocrine regulation and sex change in the teleost

Na Na Kim 한국발생생물학회 2014 한국발생생물학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2014 No.9

Cinnamon clownfish, Amphiprion melanopus, typically live as part of a mated adult pair or an adult pair and an immature individual and social ranking in the group controls the sexes of the fish. In general, the female is the larger and dominant individual. If a dominant female dies or is absent, the male partner undergoes a sex change to become a female. This special reproductive characteristic provides a good model for which to study the mechanism of sex change. Sexual development and gonadal maturation in fish are regulated by hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis including gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and other neurohormones, gonadotropins, and gonadal steroid hormones and peptides. Specially, light is among the most important natural environmental factors that regulate reproduction in fish. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which is a new form of lighting technology can be designed to output specific wavelengths such as narrow bandwidth light which is important because it can be tuned to the environmental sensitivity of a target species. In the experiment, the white fluorescent bulb and different LED (red, peak at 630 nm; green, 530 nm) were used. The effects of different illuminations were assessed by measuring the mRNA and protein expressions of HPG axis genes and sex steroid hormone level. For green LED light, significantly higher levels of HPG axis genes expressions, GSI, and plasma sex steroid hormone were obtained, compared to the red LED light spectra. Histological analysis also revealed the presence of vitellogenic oocytes in fish exposed to green LED light. The results indicate that exposure to short wavelength lighting accelerates gonadal maturation and sex change, and is likely to facilitate development of more energy-efficient aquaculture procedures. Also, have investigated that light reaction in marine organism's mechanism using LED lights, and high potential of application of Bio-photonics for the aquaculture.

조명광 변화에 강인한 영상 감시시스템 구현

정용배,김정현,김태효,Jung, Yong-Bae,Kim, Jung-Hyeon,Kim, Tae-Hyo 한국정보통신학회 2006 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.10 No.3

본 논문에서는 영상 감시 시스템의 중요한 조건인 주위의 조명 광이 변화하는 환경 하에서도 감시의 효율 개선할 수 있는 알고리듬을 고안하고 이를 실험을 통하여 확인하였다. 감시 시스템의 어려운 처리 과정들 중 하나인 카메라로 들어오는 조명광의 변화에 대처할 수 있는 영상처리 기법으로서 기존의 감시 시스템들은 이러한 변화에 따른 오차 특성을 고려하지 않았다. 실제로, 영상 감시시스템에 미치는 영향들로는 야간의 미약한 영상정보 그리고 조명의 반사나 등이 있으며, 이러한 영향은 정확한 물체를 인식하는데 많은 오차를 발생시킨다. 특히 야간영상에서 미약한 영상정보와 노이즈로 인한 오차특성은 감시 시스템의 성능을 가늠할 정도로 그 영향이 크다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 조명광의 변화에 강인한 필터를 설계하고, 히스토그램 분석과 가보 필터를 이용하여 효과적으로 이 동물체를 인식 및 추적 할 수 있는 시스템을 제안하였다. 그 결과 조명 광이 좋은 상태인 주간에는 인식률이 이동 물체의 수에 대하여 약간의 차이가 있으나, $92\sim100%$의 인식률을 보였고, 야간의 경우 조명이 미약한 상태에서도 $80\sim90%$의 인식률을 보였다. In this paper, the algorithm which improve the efficiency of surveillance in spite of the change of light is proposed and confirmed by virtue of the experiments. One of the problems for the implementation of visual surveillance system is the image processing technique to overcome with the variations of illumination lights. Some conventional systems are generally not considered the error due to the change of lights because the system use at indoor. In practical, the factors of bad image can be classified to the ghosts due to the reflection of lights and shadows in a scene. Especially weak images and noises at night are decreased the performance of visual surveillance system. In the paper, the filter which improve the images with some change of illumination lights is designed and the gabor filter is used for recognition and tracking of the moving objects. In the results, the system showed that the recognition and tracking were obtained $92\sim100%$ of recognition rate at daytime, but $80\sim90%$ of nighttime.

라즐로 모홀리-나기의 빛에 대한 전망의 유산- 빛 건축에서 관계적 건축으로

김희영 한국영상학회 2018 한국영상학회 논문집 Vol.16 No.1

This paper examines László Moholy-Nagy’s vision to transform human life and society by utilizing light as a medium in search of the juncture where art, science and technology are combined. It also looks into Rafael Lozano-Hemmer’s relational architecture, in which Moholy-Nagy’s vision with light architecture is realized while addressing diverse contemporary experiences and issues. For Moholy-Nagy, the transparency of light is associated with the philosophical reflection of the need to challenge preconceived conventions and to create harmony between the individual and the community. This paper contends that Moholy-Nagy’s view, which emphasizes the potential of light to change our perception and vision, thereby being conducive to our growth, resonates with Lozano-Hemmer’s concept and practices of relational architecture, which draws on the concept of autopoiesis. By challenging preconceived cultural, historical, political notions pertaining to buildings and the urban environment with the unpredictable intervention of light, Lozano-Hemmer’s relational architecture creates alien situations in which participants are provoked to reconsider their relationship with the public space. Light for the two artists is not a medium by which to create visual and aesthetic novelty in a new form or style. Rather, both artists envision that art can increase awareness while instigating critical views of the mundane and the conventional by utilizing light. With their dynamic work embracing changes in technological environments brought about by contemporary technologies, they intend to reawaken perceptions and transform the relationships between the past and the present, the individual and the public. 본 연구는 라즐로 모홀리-나기가 예술, 과학, 기술의 접점을 모색하면서 ‘빛’을 독자적인 매체로서 주목하고 인간의 삶과 사회를 변화시키려는 전망을 제시했던 점에 주목한다. 그리고 그가 제시한 ‘빛 건축’의 전망을 발달된 과학기술과 네트워크를 기반으로 동시대의 다양한 경험과 논제를 다루는 로자노-헤머의 “관계적 건축”과의 대화적 관계 안에서 재조명한다. 모홀리-나기가 중요시한 빛의 투명성이라는 특성은 관습적인 인식의 경계를 허물고 개인과 공동체 간의 조화를 창출하려는 철학적 사고에 연계된다. 빛이 우리의 지각과 시각을 확장하여 변화시키게 하는 잠재력이 있음에 주목하고 이를 인식의 성장에 연결시킨 모홀리-나기의 입장은 로자노-헤머가 자가생성 개념에 근거하여 관계적 건축 개념과 실행을 전개한 점에 비견된다. 공공장소에 투사되는 로자노-헤머의 관계적 건축은 예측 불가한 빛의 개입을 통해 건물과 도시 환경에 대한 문화적, 역사적, 정치적 고정 관념에 도전함으로써, 참여자와 도시 공간이 새롭게 관계하는 생경한 상황을 만들어 관습적 사고를 재고하게 한다. 두 작가의 빛에 대한 관심은 새로운 형태와 양식의 작품이 주는 시각적이고 미학적 새로움을 모색하는 데 있지 않다. 그들은 빛을 매개로 하여 일상과 관습을 비판적으로 성찰하게 함으로써 우리의 의식을 확장시키려는 예술적 전망을 공유한다. 그리고 현대 기술 매체와 이로 인해 변화된 기술적 환경을 적극적으로 수용하면서 변화에 개방적인 역동적인 작업을 통해 관습적으로 지각하던 감각을 일깨워 과거와 현재, 개인과 공공성의 관계를 새롭게 하고자 하였다.

틸라피아의 해수순치시(海水馴致時) 아가미와 신장(腎臟)의 광학(光學) 및 전자현미경적(電子顯微鏡的) 관찰(觀察)

윤종만,조강용,박홍양,Yoon, Jong-Man,Cho, Kang-Yong,Park, Hong-Yang 한국현미경학회 1993 Applied microscopy Vol.23 No.2

1990년(年) 6월(月) 30일(日)부터 10월(月) 31일(日)까지 또한 1991년(年) 9월(月) 30일(日)부터 1992년(年) 4월(月) 31일(日)까지 본 실험실의 양어장(養魚場)에서 염분(鹽分) 농도(濃度)가 각각 10%o, 20%o, 30%o의 $1.5m^3$인 탱크에서 사육된 100-350g(평균 250g)인 틸라피아(Oreochromis niloticus)의 아가미 및 신장(腎臟)의 미세구조적(微細構造的) 변화(變化)를 알기 위해서 광학현미경(光學顯微鏡)과 주사(走査) 및 투과전자현미경(透過電子顯微鏡)으로 관찰하여 얻어낸 결과는 다음과 같다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같이 나타났다. 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 Oreochromis nilotirus의 경우 모두 아가미엽 비대, 아가미엽 상피세포의 분리, 신사구체의 수축, 신장(腎臟)의 울혈(鬱血) 등(等)의 조직학적(組織學的) 변화(變化)가 있었다. 가장 높은 저삼투압(低渗透壓) 능력(能力)은 10%o에서 채취된 틸라피아에서 확인되었고, 이러한 현상은 외형적인 형태를 통해서 확인된 염분순치화(鹽分馴致化)(smoltification)와 일치(一致)되었으며, 실험군 중 틸라피아 저삼투조절능력(低渗透調節能力)은 10%o에서 떨어지기 시작하였다. Oreochromis niloticus의 각 군의 삼투압(渗透壓)은 모두 담수(淡水)의 수준보다 높았고, 모두 300m Osmol 이상으로 나타났다. 아가미엽의 염분세포의 발생빈도와 그 정도는 염분농도(鹽分濃度)의 증가와 더불어 빠르게 증가되었고, 염분세포의 수도 광학(光學) 및 투과전자현미경(透過電子顯微鏡)을 통해서 볼 때 NaCl의 증가와 함께 증가하였다. 삼투압(渗透壓)의 점차적인 증가에 대해서 틸라피아의 체내에 축적된 NaCl과 무기성분(無機成分)을 배출시키기 위해서 혹은 체내의 삼투압(渗透壓)의 균형을 위해서 이러한 결과가 이루어지는 것으로 사료된다. 아가미엽(葉)의 표피(表皮)는 염분농도(鹽分濃度)가 높을수록 요철(凹凸)상태가 심하게 나타났다. 이러한 생리학적 현상들은 모든 경골어류(硬骨魚類)에서 일어나는 것으로 사료되며, 틸라피아와 무지개 송어(松魚)는 조직병리학적(組織病理學的) 변화(變化)에도 불구하고 해수(海水)에 견디어내어 순치(馴致) 적응(適應)하는 것으로 나타났다. 주사전자현미경(走査電子顯微鏡)에 의해서 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 틸라피아의 제 2차(次) 아가미엽(葉)의 미세구조(微細構造)는 적응기간(適應期間) 동안 표면이 울퉁불퉁한 특징을 나타내었고, 투과전자현미경(透過電子顯微鏡)에 의해서는 해수(海水)에 노출된 염분세포내(鹽分細胞內)에 길게 변형된 미토콘드리아가 관찰되었으며, 잘 발달된 cristae가 확인되었고, 담수(淡水)에 서식하던 개체의 염분세포(鹽分細胞)보다 그 수가 증가하였다. 이와같이 미토콘드리아가 풍부한 염분세포의 존재를 통해서 해수(海水)에 적응하는 동안 일어나는 저삼투압조절(低渗透壓調節) 작용(作用)에 중요한 역할을 하는 것이라 사료된다. 해수(海水)에 적응(適應)된 대부분의 틸라피아는 신장(腎臟)의 보우만 주머니를 가득 채운 신사구체(腎絲球體)를 가지고 있으며, 신사구체(腎絲球體)의 수축은 담수(淡水)에 적응된 개체보다 10%o, 20%o, 30%o에 적응된 개체에서 훨씬 더 많이 발생되었고, 울혈현상(鬱血現象)은 10%o보다 20%o, 30%o에 적응(適應)된 개체의 신장조직(腎臟組織)에서 더많이 발생되었다. 틸라피아의 신사구체(腎絲球體)는 담수(淡水)에서 10%o의 해수(海水)로 이주된지 14일(日) 이후에 신장(腎臟)에서 수축된 것으로 나타났다. 30%o의 해 This study was taken to examine the light microscopic and ultrastructural changes of gill and kidney of female tilapia{Oreochromis niloticus) adapted in 0%o, 10%o, 20%o, and 30%o salt concentrations, respectively, by light, scanning and transmission electron microscope. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows: Gill chloride cell hyperplasia, gill lamellar epithelial separation, kidney glomerular shrinkage, blood congestion in kidneys and deposition of hyalin droplets in kidney glomeruli, tubules were the histological alterations in Oreochromis niloticus. Incidence and severity of gill chloride cell hyperplasia rapidly increased together with increase of salinity, and the number of chloride cells in gill lamellae rapidly increased in response to high external NaCl concentrations. The ultrastructure by scanning electron microscope(SEM) indicated that the gill secondary lamella of tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to seawater, were characterized by rough convoluted surfaces during the adaptation. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) indicated that mitochondria in chloride cells exposed to seawater, were both large and elongate and contained well-developed cristae. TEM also showed the increased chloride cells exposed to seawater. The presence of two mitochondria-rich cell types is discussed with regard to their possible role in the hypoosmoregulatory changes which occur during seawater-adaptation. Most Oreochromis niloticus adapted in seawater had an occasional glomerulus completely filling Bowman's capsule in kidney, and glomerular shrinkage was occurred higher in kidney tissues of individuals living in 10%o, 20%o, 30%o of seawater than in those living in 0%o of freshwater, and blood congestion was occurred severer in kidney tissues of individuals living 20%o, 30%o of seawater than in those living in 10%o of seawater. There were decreases in the glomerular area and the nuclear area in the main segments of the nephron, and that the nuclear areas of the nephron cells in seawater-adapted tilapia were of smaller size than those from freshwater-adapted fish. Our findings demonstrated that Oreochromis niloticus tolerated moderately saline environment and the increased body weight living in 30%o was relatively higher than that living in 10%o in spite of histopathological changes.