성견 일벽성 치주 결손부에 이식한 biphasic calcium phosphate의 조직계측학적 평가

연제영,김동진,홍성배,홍지연,김성태,이용호,조규성,김종관,최성호,Yon, Je-Young,Kim, Dong-Jin,Hong, Sung-Bae,Hong, Ji-Yeon,Kim, Sung-Tae,Lee, Yong-Ho,Cho, Kyu-Sung,Kim, Chong-Kwan,Choi, Seong-Ho 대한치주과학회 2008 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.38 No.2

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluated biphasic calcium phosphate applied in surgically created 1-wall periodontal intrabony defects in dogs by histometrical analysis. Material and Method: Critical sized($4\;mm\;{\times}\;4\;mm$), one wall periodontal intrabony defects were surgically produced at the proximal aspect of mandibular premolars in either right and left jaw quadrants in four canines. The control group was treated with debridement alone, and experimental group was treated with debridement and biphasic calcium phosphate application. The healing processes were histologically and histometrically observed after 8 weeks. Results: In biphasic calcium phosphate group, more new bone and cementum formation, less epithelium and connective tissue attachment were observed compared to other groups. But there was no statistical significance. Conclusion: Though the statistically significant difference could not be found, it seemed that there was more new bone and cementum formation with applying biphasic calcium phosphate in 1 wall intrabony defects in dogs by preventing junctional epithelium migration.

공침법을 이용한 마그네슘이 첨가된 biphasic calcium phosphate의 적합성 평가

이형신,김태완,김동현,박홍채,윤석영,Lee, Hyoung-Sin,Kim, Tae-Wan,Kim, Dong-Hyun,Park, Hong-Chae,Yoon, Seog-Young 한국결정성장학회 2010 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.20 No.5

Mg-BCP(Mg Substituted BCP)를 제조하기 위하여 $Ca(NO_3)_2{\cdot}4H_2O$(Katayama chemical, Japan)과 $(NH_4)_2{\cdot}HPO_4$ (Junsei chemical, Japan), $Mg(NO_3)_2{\cdot}6H_2O$(Junsei chemical, Japan)를 출발물질로 공침법(co-precipitation process)을 이용하여 합성하였다. 제조된 분말의 마그네슘의 첨가에 따른 분말의 분광학적 특성은 FT-IR(MAGNA-IR 560, Nicolet)을 통하여 분석하였으며, SEM(S-4200, Hitachi)을 통하여 미세구조를 분석하였다. XRD 회절피크의 면적적분강도를 Integral Analysis (Rigaku, Japan)를 이용하여 HAp와 ${\beta}$-TCP의 비율을 확인하였다. 1.0 wt% 마그네슘이 첨가된 BCP 샘플의 경우 Hank's solution에서의 2주 침적 후 표면에 침상의 HAp로 추정되는 결정이 성장하였다. 이러한 미세구조의 변화는 생활성을 가지는 마그네슘의 첨가가 BCP 조직 내에서 표면의 활성을 증가시켜 결정의 성장을 촉진시킨 것으로 판단된다. Magnesium-substituted BCP (biphasic calcium phosphate) powders were prepared by incorporating small amounts of magnesium into the structure of different hydroxyapatite (HAp)/${\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate (${\beta}$-TCP) ratios through coprecipitation method. A series of magnesium substitutions ranging from 0, 0.5, and 1.0 wt%, which are comparable to the measured magnesium contents, were performed. The obtained powders were characterized by the following analytical techniques: X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results have shown that substitution of magnesium in the calcium-deficient apatites resulted in the formation of biphasic mixtures of different HAP/${\beta}$-TCP ratios after heating above $1000^{\circ}C$. The 1.0 wt% magnesiumsubstituted-BCP were soaked in Hank's solutions after 2 weeks to observe the morphology of the biocement, especially needle-like hydroxyapatite crystals and to estimate the length and diameter of nanoneedle crystals.

실리콘 이온이 첨가된 biphasic calcium phosphate의 합성 및 특성평가

송창원,김태완,김동현,박홍채,윤석영,Song, Chang-Weon,Kim, Tae-Wan,Kim, Dong-Hyun,Park, Hong-Chae,Yoon, Seog-Young 한국결정성장학회 2010 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.20 No.5

Si-BCP(si-substituted biphasic calcium phosphate)를 제조하기 위하여 $Ca(NO_3)_2{\cdot}4H_2O$, $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$, $Si(OC_2H_5)_4$을 출발 물질로 공침법(co-precipitation process)을 이용하여 합성하였다. 합성된 분말의 HAp/${\beta}$-TCP 결정상 비율 및 Si-P 치환 거동은 X-선 회절 상 분석을 이용하여 측정하였고, silicon ion 첨가 시 나타나는 BCP의 화학적 결합거동을 측정하기 위하여 FT-IR를 사용하여 분석하였다. 또한 Si-BCP 분말의 in-vitro 생분해거동 및 생체활성도를 측정하기 위하여 제조된 분말을 SBF(simulated body fluid) solution에 침적시킨 뒤 분말의 형상과 구성 성분은 SEM과 EDS를 통하여 확인하였다. Si-substituted biphasic calcium phosphates (Si-BCP) were prepared by co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure of Si-BCP powders. The Si-BCP powders with various Ca/(P+Si) molar ratio were carried out on structural change of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and ${\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate ($\ss$-TCP). The in-vitro bioactivity of the Si-BCP powders was determined by immersing the powders in SBF solution, after that observing the chemical composition and morphology change by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy.

Simple surface biofunctionalization of biphasic calcium phosphates for improving osteogenic activity and bone tissue regeneration

심규식,김학준,김성엄,박경순 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.68 No.-

In this study, we found a simple surface biofunctionalization of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) based on the high affinity between alendronate and the calcium ions of BCP, and the strong interaction between heparin and bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2). The biofunctionalized BCP did not be precipitated well and display a remarkable enhancement of osteogenic activity of human adipose-derived stem cells by showing increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP), calcium deposition and osteogenic-related genes (i.e., Runx-2, ALP, osteocalcin, and osteopontin), and bone regeneration in the calvarial defect model. Therefore, this simple surface technique can be used to easily functionalize various calcium phosphates.

합성골 이식재인 Macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate를 이용한 사람의 상악동 거상술-증례 보고

이지현,정의원,김창성,최성호,조규성,Lee, Ji-Hyun,Jung, Ui-Won,Kim, Chang-Sung,Choi, Seong-Ho,Cho, Kyoo-Sung 대한치주과학회 2006 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.36 No.2

Background Several bone grafting materials have been used in sinus augmentation procedures. Macroporous Biphasic Calcium Phosphate($MBCP^{TM}$) consists of the mixture of 60% HA and 40% ${\beta}-TCP$. Therefore, it can provide good scaffold for the new bone to grow owing to HA, in the other hand, it can have bioactivity for bone remodeling owing to ${\beta}-TCP$. The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone formation following maxillary sinus augmentation using $MBCP^{TM}$ by means of histologic analysis. Material and Method $MBCP^{TM}$ was placed as a primary bone substitute for maxillary sinus augmentation. Three patients were selected after evalaution of their medical dental examination. $MBCP^{TM}$ only, $MBCP^{TM}$ combined with Irradicated cancellous bone and $MBCP^{TM}$ combined with autogenous bone were used for each patient. After about eight months, bone biopsies were harvested for histologic evaluation and fixtures installed. Results Eight months after surgery we observed new vital bone surrounding $MBCP^{TM}$ particle and the amount of new bone was about 30% even though there were discrepancies between specimens. This case report documents that $MBCP^{TM}$ when used as a grafting material for sinus floor augmentation whether combined other bone graft material or not, may lead to the predictable results for dental implants on posterior maxillary area with insufficient vertical height for fixture installation.

Late-term healing in an augmented sinus with different ratios of biphasic calcium phosphate: a pilot study using a rabbit sinus model

임현창,홍지연,이중석,정의원,최성호 대한치주과학회 2016 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.46 No.1

Purpose: The aim of this pilot study was to determine the osteoconductivity and dimensional stability of augmented sinuses using different ratios of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) in a rabbit sinus model. Methods: Each sinus of New Zealand white rabbits (2.5–3.5 kg) was assigned to one of two groups: BCP with a hydroxyapatite to β-tricalcium phosphate (HA:β-TCP) ratio of 70:30 (group TCP30) and BCP with an HA:β-TCP ratio of 30:70 (group TCP70). After preparing a window in the antral wall of a sinus, the Schneiderian membrane was elevated, and the applicable material was grafted. A fluorochrome calcein green was injected five days before euthanizing the animals at four months post-surgery. The specimens were analyzed histologically, histomorphometrically, and by using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Results: Micro-CT analysis revealed that the total augmented volume and the new bone volume did not differ significantly between the two groups whereas the resorption of materials was greater in the TCP70 group. The trabecular thickness, number, and separation also did not differ significantly between the two groups. Histomorphometrically, the areas of total augmentation, new bone, and residual material, as well as the ratio of new-bonematerial contact did not differ significantly between the groups. Histologically, the residual particles were more scattered in the TCP70 group than in the TCP30 group. The fluorescence of the calcein green did not differ notably between the two groups. Conclusions: The osteoconductivity and dimensional stability of the two BCPs with different ratios tested in this study were comparable after four months of healing. Therefore, we conclude that both BCPs show promise as a bone substitute for sinus augmentation.

Late-term healing in an augmented sinus with different ratios of biphasic calcium phosphate: a pilot study using a rabbit sinus model

Lim, Hyun-Chang,Hong, Ji-Youn,Lee, Jung-Seok,Jung, Ui-Won,Choi, Seong-Ho Korean Academy of Periodontology 2016 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.46 No.1

Purpose: The aim of this pilot study was to determine the osteoconductivity and dimensional stability of augmented sinuses using different ratios of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) in a rabbit sinus model. Methods: Each sinus of New Zealand white rabbits (2.5-3.5 kg) was assigned to one of two groups: BCP with a hydroxyapatite to ${\beta}$-tricalcium phosphate (HA:${\beta}$-TCP) ratio of 70:30 (group TCP30) and BCP with an HA:${\beta}$-TCP ratio of 30:70 (group TCP70). After preparing a window in the antral wall of a sinus, the Schneiderian membrane was elevated, and the applicable material was grafted. A fluorochrome calcein green was injected five days before euthanizing the animals at four months post-surgery. The specimens were analyzed histologically, histomorphometrically, and by using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Results: Micro-CT analysis revealed that the total augmented volume and the new bone volume did not differ significantly between the two groups whereas the resorption of materials was greater in the TCP70 group. The trabecular thickness, number, and separation also did not differ significantly between the two groups. Histomorphometrically, the areas of total augmentation, new bone, and residual material, as well as the ratio of new-bone-material contact did not differ significantly between the groups. Histologically, the residual particles were more scattered in the TCP70 group than in the TCP30 group. The fluorescence of the calcein green did not differ notably between the two groups. Conclusions: The osteoconductivity and dimensional stability of the two BCPs with different ratios tested in this study were comparable after four months of healing. Therefore, we conclude that both BCPs show promise as a bone substitute for sinus augmentation.

X-선 회절분석을 이용한 biphasic calcium phosphate 분말의 화학양론적 Ca/P 비율 확인

송용근,김동현,김태완,김양도,박홍채,윤석영,Song, Yong-Keun,Kim, Dong-Hyun,Kim, Tae-Wan,Kim, Yang-Do,Park, Hong-Chae,Yoon, Seog-Young 한국결정성장학회 2010 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.20 No.2

X-선 회절 분석방법을 통해 biphasic calcium phosphate(BCP) 분말의 Ca/P 몰 비율을 확인하고 특성을 평가하였다. 다양한 화학 양론적인 Ca/P 몰 비율을 가지는 BCP 분말은 공침반응 및 하소과정을 통해 합성하였다. 1.5에서 1.67의 Ca/P 몰 비율을 가지는 분말의 조성은 초기 출발물질의 Ca/P 몰 비율, pH 10에서의 공침 과정 및$900^{\circ}C$ 열처리에 의해 정해졌다. 화학 양론적 Ca/P 몰 비율을 가지는 BCP 분말의 구조, 형상 및 화학적 특성평가는 XRD의 상-정량 확인 분석을 바탕으로 주사전자현미경 및 유도 결합 플라즈마 분광분석기와 함께 수행 하였다. BCP 분말의 용해도는 $36.5^{\circ}C$ 및 pH 7.4 의 phosphate buffer solution(PBS)에서 특성평가 하였다. The calcium to phosphate ratio (Ca/P) in biphasic calcium phosphates powders using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was characterized. The BCP powders with various stoichiometric Ca/P molar ratio were synthesized with coprecipitation process and calcination. Compositions of the powders with Ca/P molar ratio between 1.5 and 1.67 were subjected to starting Ca/P molar ratio, pH = 10, and thermal treatment up to $900^{\circ}C$. The structural, morphological and chemical characterizations for BCP powders with stoichiometric Ca/P ratio were carried out with scanning electron microscope (SEM) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and a phase quantification was investigated by XRD. The solubility of HAp, $\beta$-TCP, and BCP powders was tested in the phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at $36.5^{\circ}C$ and pH = 7.4.

요추부 후측방 유합술시 이상인산칼슘 및 국소 자가골 혼합 이식술

허정욱,고영철,정철용,은일수,박만준,김민우,황금민,박숙현 대한척추외과학회 2014 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.21 No.3

Study Design: Retroprospective study. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of biphasic calcium phosphate and local autobone mixed graft in cases of spinal stenosis andspondylolisthesis in posterolateral fusion by examining radiologic union rates and clinical outcomes. Summary of Literature Review: It can be a practical alternative to the use of tricalcium phosphate in hydroxyapatite as a graft aidsince using hydroxyapatite mixture in lumbar spine fusion has been reported to lead to a high rate of bone union. Materials and Methods: From July 2011 to February 2013, we followed up 107 patients who had lumbar posterolateral fusion usingbiphasic calcium phosphate composed of HA/TCP (60:40) and local autobone mixed graft. Of these patients, 64 had spinal stenosis and43 had spondylolisthesis. The bone fusion rate was determined using Lenke’s criteria and clinical outcomes were evaluated using Kim’smethod. Results: In spinal stenosis, bone union was presented in 53 patients (of 64; 82.8%) and in spondylolisthesis, 35 patients (of 43;81.4%). In spinal stenosis, the clinical outcomes resulted in 20 excellent, 34 good, 9 fair and 1 poor. (84.4%, excellent or good) Inspondylolisthesis, the clinical outcomes resulted in 10 excellent, 25 good, 7 fair and 1 poor. (81.4%, excellent or good)Conclusion: Posterolateral fusion using biphasic calcium phosphate and local autobone mixed graft showed high rates of bone unionand acceptable clinical outcomes, and is considered a satisfactory bone graft aid. Key Words: Spinal stenosis, Spondylolisthesis, Biphasic calcium phosphate, Posterolateral fusion 연구 계획: 후향적 연구목 적: 요추부 후측방 유합술시 척추관 협착증 및 척추전방전위증에서 이상인산칼슘(biphasic calcium phosphate, BCP) 및 국소 자가골 혼합 이식술을시행한 방사선학적 골유합율과 임상적 결과를 조사하여 유용성을 알아보고자 한다. 선행문헌의 요약: 요추부 척추 유합술에서 수산화인회석(hydroxyapatite, HA) 혼합물을 사용하여 높은 골유합율을 보고되어 수산화인회석에 삼인산칼슘(tricalcium phosphate, TCP)을 이식 보조물로 사용하는 것이 실용적 대안이 될 수 있다. 대상 및 방법: 2011년 7월부터 2013년 2월까지 수산화인회석(HA)과 삼인산칼슘(TCP)이 60:40의 비율로 이루어진 이상인산칼슘 및 국소 자가골 혼합이식술을 통하여 요추부 후측방 유합술을 시행한 후 최소 1년 이상 추시가 가능하였던 107예를 대상으로 하였다. 이 중 척추관 협착증은 64예, 척추전방전위증은 43예이다. Lenke 등의 분류를 토대로 골유합 상태를 파악하였고 임상적 결과는 김 등의 방법으로 평가하였다. 결과: 척추관 협착증의 경우 64예 중 53예(82.8%)에서 골유합 소견을 보였고, 척추전방전위증의 경우 43예 중 35예(81.4%)에서 골유합 소견을 보였다. 수술 후 임상 결과는 척추관 협착증의 경우 우수 20예, 양호 34예 및 보통 9예, 불량 1예로 54예(84.4%)에서 양호 이상의 경과를 나타내었고, 척추전방전위증의 경우 우수 10예, 양호 25예 및 보통 7예, 불량 1예로 35예(81.4%)에서 양호 이상의 임상적 경과를 보였다. 결론: 척추관 협착증 및 척추전방전위증의 후측방 유합술에서 저자들이 시행한 이상인산칼슘 및 국소 자가골 혼합 이식술은 높은 유합률과 만족스런임상결과를 보였기에 이상인산칼슘은 후측방 유합술시 좋은 골이식 확장제로 사료된다. 색인 단어: 척추관 협착증, 척추전방전위증, 이상인산칼슘, 후측방 유합술약칭 제목: 이상인산칼슘을 이용한 요추부 후측방 유합술

요추부 후측방 유합술시 자가 골수와 국소 자가골 및 이상인산칼슘 혼합 이식술의 골유합율

박만준,고영철,은일수,허정욱,황금민,박숙현,박태홍 대한척추외과학회 2015 대한척추외과학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Study Design: A retrospective study. Objectives: We examined union rates and clinical outcomes to evaluate the efficacy of using autologous bone marrow along with a local autobone and biphasic calcium phosphate mixed graft with posterolateral fusion in spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis. Summary of Literature Review: In lumbar posterolateral fusion, union rates of biphasic calcium phosphate and local autobone mixed graft are low compared to union rates of autogenous iliac bone graft. Materials and Methods: Among the patients who had lumbar posterolateral fusion with autologous bone marrow along with local autobone and biphasic calcium phosphate mixed graft between February 2013 and January 2014, we analyzed 40 patients who were available for at least one year of follow-up. There were 22 cases with spinal stenosis and 18 cases with spondylolisthesis. Bone fusion was determined along with the fusion rates based on Lenke’s criteria (citation). All patients were evaluated postoperatively at one year, using 3D CT. and the clinical outcomes were assessed using Kim’s method (citation). Results: In spinal stenosis, bone union was observed in 19 cases out of 22 (86.4%), and in case of spondylolisthesis, bone union was observed in 16 cases out of 18 (88.9%). In spinal stenosis, the clinical outcomes were: 2 excellent, 16 good, 3 fair, and 1 poor; in other words 18 cases (81.8%) displayed good or excellent outcomes. In spondylolisthesis, 2 excellent, 12 good, 4 fair and 0 poor; in other words, 14 cases (77.8%) showed good or superior outcomes. Conclusions: Posterolateral fusion using autologous bone marrow along with a local autobone and biphasic calcium phosphate mixed graft showed similar bone fusion rates to using autogenous iliac bone graft. Therefore, this method could serve as an alternative to using autogenous iliac bone graft in posterior lumbar fusion. 연구 계획: 후향적 연구. 목적: 척추관 협착증 및 척추전방전위증에서 자가 골수와 국소 자가골 및 이상인산칼슘 혼합 이식술을 시행한 요추부 후측방 유합술에서 골유합율 및 임상적 결과를 조사하여 유용성을 알아보고자 한다. 선행문헌의 요약: 이상인산칼슘 및 국소 자가골을 혼합하여 시행한 요추부 후측방 유합술 시 자가 장골 이식술에 비해 유합율이 낮은 것으로 보고되었다. 대상 및 방법: 2013년 2월부터 2014년 1월까지 자가 골수와 국소 자가골 및 이상인산칼슘 혼합 이식술을 시행하여 요추부 후측방 유합술을 시행한 후 최소 1년 이상 추시가 가능하였던 40예를 대상으로 하였다. 이 중 척추관 협착증은 22예, 척추전방전위증은 18예이다. Lenke 등의 분류를토대로 골유합 상태를 파악하였고, 추시 1년째 전예에서 3D CT를 촬영하였으며, 임상적 결과는 김 등의 방법으로 평가하였다. 결과: 척추관 협착증의 경우 22예 중 19예(86.4%)에서 골유합 소견을 보였고, 척추전방전위증의 경우 18예 중 16예(88.9%)에서 골유합 소견을보였다. 수술 후 임상 결과는 척추관 협착증의 경우 우수 2예, 양호 16예 및 보통 3예, 불량 1예로 18예(81.8%)에서 양호 이상의 경과를 나타내었고, 척추전방전위증의 경우 우수 2예, 양호 12예 및 보통 4예, 불량 0예로 14예(77.8%)에서 양호 이상의 임상적 경과를 보였다. 결론: 요추부 후측방 유합술에서 자가 골수와 국소 자가골 및 이상인산칼슘 혼합 이식술은 자가 장골 이식술과 유사한 유합율을 보이므로 자가장골 이식 대체 방법의 하나로 선택될 수 있으리라 사료된다.