기혼여성용 성생활 조화 척도 개발

전정임,김성회 한국상담학회 2013 상담학연구 Vol.14 No.1

This study is to develop assessment instruments to measure a sex life balance of married women, and confirm validity and reliability of the instruments. For that reason, 120 questions were created through considering previous studies and existing assessment instruments. And then the contents of the questions were verified by three counseling psychologists and appropriacy of the expressions used for the questions were examined by three Korean language teachers. After they were revised and supplemented, the first preliminary assessment instruments, consisting of 118 questions, were established. Based on this questionnaire, the first survey was conducted on 128 married women living in Daegu city and Gyeongbuk province. After analyzing the survey results, the second preliminary assessment instruments, consisting of 39 questions, were constructed. With the preliminary assessment instruments made of the revised and supplemented 39 questions, a nationwide survey was carried out on 768 married women, and the assessment instruments, composed of three factors and 21 questions, were developed through factorial analysis based on the survey results. The first, second and third factor were named a cognitive sex life balance factor, an emotional sex life balance factor and a behavioral sex life balance factor respectively, each of which is composed of seven questions. Cronbach's alpha of the overall assessment instruments of a sex life balance was .847 and three sub-factors were .788~.822 respectively. To verify validity of the developed assessment instruments, research was conducted on the correlation between the assessment instrument of a sex life balance, the assessment instrument of couple intimacy and the assessment instrument of adversely effective communication behaviors of couples. The product-moment correlation coefficient between the assessment instrument of a sex life balance and the assessment instrument of couple intimacy was .273, statistically showing significant positive relationship at a .01 level. The product-moment correlation coefficient between the assessment instrument of a sex life balance and the assessment instrument of adversely effective communication behaviors of a couple was -.203, statistically showing insignificant positive relationship in a .05 level. So it was verified that convergent validity and discriminant validity were satisfactory. In addition, relatively high reliability was shown in examination and reexamination reliability at four week intervals. Therefore, discussion took place on applications of the measures developed through this study, limitations of the study, and further research projects. 본 연구에서는 기혼여성을 대상으로 성생활 조화를 측정하는 데 사용할 수 있는 성생활 조화 척도를 개발하고, 척도의 타당도와 신뢰도를 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 선행연구와 기존 척도의 고찰을 통하여 120문항을 제작하여 상담심리전문가 3명에게 내용타당도를, 국어교사 2명에게 문항표현의 적절성을 검증받아 수정․보완하여 118문항의 1차 예비척도를 구성하였다. 이들 문항에 대해 대구, 경북지역 기혼여성 128명을 대상으로 1차로 자료를 수집하여 요인분석을 한 후, 39문항으로 구성된 2차 예비척도를 제작하였다. 수정․보완 된 39문항의 예비척도에 대해 제주도와 전라도를 제외한 전국지역에 있는 기혼여성 768명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하여 요인분석 등의 방법을 통해 최종적으로 3요인 21문항 척도를 개발하였다. 요인 1은 인지적 성생활 조화 요인(7문항), 요인 2는 정서적 성생활 조화 요인(7문항), 요인 3은 행동적 성생활 조화 요인(7문항)으로 명명하였다. 성생활 조화 척도 전체에 대한 Cronbach의 α계수는 .847이고, 3개 하위 요인 각각은 .788~.822로 나타났다. 개발된 척도의 타당도 검증을 위해 성생활 조화 척도와 부부 간 친밀감 척도, 부부 간 역기능적 의사소통 행동 척도 간의 상관을 알아보았다. 성생활 조화 척도와 부부 간 친밀감 척도와의 적률상관계수는 .273으로 .01 수준에서 통계적으로 유의한 정적상관을 보였으며, 성생활 조화 척도와 부부 간 역기능적 의사소통 행동 척도와의 적률상관계수는 -.203으로 .05 수준에서 통계적으로 유의한 부적상관을 보임으로써 수렴타당도 및 변별타당도가 양호한 것으로 검증되었다. 또한 4주 간격의 검사-재검사 신뢰도(.837)에서 비교적 높은 신뢰도를 나타냈다. 이로써 본 연구에서 개발한 척도의 활용방안 및 연구의 제한점과 추후 연구과제를 논의하였다.

생물 교사들의 과정중심평가 도구 개발 능력에 대한 연구

한화정 ( Hwa-jung Han ),심규철 ( Kew-cheol Shim ) 한국생물교육학회 2021 생물교육 Vol.49 No.1

This study set out to analyze process-focused assessment instruments by in-service biology teachers who participated in the in-service training program, and examine their abilities of developing such an instrument. The process-focused assessment instruments developed by biology teachers were analyzed with assessment areas of scientific key competencies and assessment objectives, the types of assessment tasks, and assessment methods. The scientific inquiry ability of 5 science key competencies was presented most, but there was no scientific participation and lifelong learning ability in their process-focused assessment instruments developed. For assessment objectives, in-service biology teachers presented the areas of scientific inquiry and knowledge with the area of scientific attitudes missing. Some biology teachers were observed to lack of reflecting all of scientific knowledge, inquiry and attitude. In some cases, there was no relation between assessment objectives and the assessment areas. Biology teachers made use of experiments and model-using activities as assessment tasks in their process-focused assessment instruments, and used teacher's observation, review of reports, portfolios, peer reviews, and self-evaluation as assessment method. Biology teachers tried to utilize assessment tasks and methods fit for the goals and purposes of process-focused assessment when developing a process-focused assessment instrument. In assessment areas, however, they haven’t taken into total consideration multifaceted characteristics including various scientific key competencies and students' scientific knowledge, inquiry, and attitude related to them. In addition, they had no enough consideration into consistent connections among the elements of assessment instruments including assessment objectives, assessment tasks, and scoring criteria when developing a process-focused assessment instrument.

농업 진로검사도구 개발을 위한 기초연구

정철영 한국농·산업교육학회 2002 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.34 No.4

The objectives of this study were to make a model of general development process of standardized career assessment instrument, to analyze career assessment instruments in Korea, and to suggest direction for agricultural career assessment development. This study was conducted through and extensive review of literature related to career assessment and opinions from a panel of experts about career assessment instrument's development processThe major findings in this study were as follows: 1) Development process of career assessment instrument is divided into stage of Identifying plan for test development, stage of Item construction, stage of preliminary tryouts, and stage of setting norm; 2) Career assessment instruments which are mainly used in Korea have a weakness for construct method, scaling method, reliability, validity, standardization method, interpreting of test score method; 3) A systematic process for agricultural career assessment instrument's development should be grounded in consideration of diverse psychological constructs affecting career development, logic for the interpretation of test results; 4) Weighting method for comprehensive career assessment instrument ought to be developed for effective use in agricultural education setting; 5) Ability, interest and work value profiles for agricultural occupation ought to be developed to establish the criteria for guiding the best-fit job groups based on agricultural career assessment instrument scores.

초등교사의 교육평가 경험에 대한 자문화기술지

양연동(Yang Yeon dong) 한국교육사회학회 2020 교육사회학연구 Vol.30 No.1

This article explores the education evaluation experience of a primary school teacher through the method of autoethnography. The researchers took up teaching jobs before the current system was introduced with an alternative assessment paradigm, such as growth-oriented assessment, goal-class-assessment alignment highlighted in elementary schools and experienced various changes related to the assessment. In this process, the meaning and perception of assessment who had experience in the student and teacher education institutions was composed and recomposed through the system and discourse, and influenced the practice of assessment in the classroom. And the classroom assessment practice provided a reflection point for the researcher as a teacher. The assessment experience under this article is as follows: First, when I entered the teaching profession, I realized the meaning of assessment that had been internalized in the educational institutions and felt the inconsistency. Next, when I experienced and accepted the system of regional education offices related to alternative assessment discourse and evaluation innovation, which I encountered just in time, Finally, the various meanings of the assessment were deepened as the alternative assessment was actively implement. The results of the analysis of the described assessment practice experience are as follows: First, while focusing on the social function of the assessment, the educational nature of the assessment was marginalizing. Second, in the scene of educational practice, assessment was not a description but a construction. In addition to the practice of traditional evaluations, in the practice of alternative assessments, evaluations served as a device to discipline students. It is necessary for all education subjects to maintain a reflective attitude to broaden their understanding of what is happening around the assessment. 이 연구는 자문화기술지의 방법으로 초등교사의 교육평가 경험을 탐색한다. 연구자는 현재 초등학교에서 강조되는 성장 중심평가, 교육목표-수업-평가 일치와 같은 대안평가 패러다임이 제도로 도입되기 이전에 교직에 들어서 평가와 관련된 다양한 변화를 경험하였다. 이 과정에서 학생, 교사 교육기관의 경험을 통해 갖고 있었던 평가의미와 평가관은 제도와 담론을 통해 구성·재구성되었으며, 교실에서의 평가 실천에 영향을 주었다. 그리고 교실의 평가 실천은 교사인 연구자에게 어떤 성찰의 지점을 제공하였다. 연구의 대상이 되는 평가 경험은 첫째, 학생으로서 또, 교사교육기관에서 내재화하였던 평가의미를 교직에 막 들어서 실천하고 모순을 느꼈던 시기 둘째, 때마침 접하였던 대안평가 담론과 평가혁신과 관련된 지역교육청의 제도를 경험하고 받아들였던 시기, 마지막으로 이런 대안평가를 적극적으로 실천하면서 평가의 여러 의미들이 심화되어갔던 시기로 구분하여 서술되었다. 서술된 평가 실천 경험의 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 평가의 사회적 기능에 초점을 두는 동안 평가의 교육적 본질은 주변화되고 있었다. 둘째, 전통적 평가의 실천뿐만 아니라 대안평가의 실천에서도 평가는 학생을 규율하는 하나의 장치로 기능하였다. 이런 이해를 바탕으로 이 연구는 교육종사자 모두가 평가를 둘러싸고 벌어지는 일에 대한 이해를 넓히기 위해 성찰적 자세를 견지하는 태도가 필요함을 시사해 준다.

중등 기술교과 서․논술형 예시 평가도구 개발

임윤진,임미가,김승현,강바람 한국기술교육학회 2022 한국기술교육학회지 Vol.22 No.3

The purpose of this study was to research and develop a description and essay-type assessment instruments that could be used in technology subjects, and to present examples of assessment instruments that technology teachers could use in the real classroom situations. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, description and essay-type assessment instruments of a secondary technology subjects were developed with 6 topics and 12 questions. Second, detailed scoring criteria, examples of feedback, and expected student performance were provided for the description and essay type assessment instruments developed in this study. Third, teachers and students who directly used the description and essay type assessment developed in this study showed positive views on the writing and essay type assessment. It is suggested that description and essay-type assessment instruments be systematically developed for the content areas not developed in this study. In addition, it is suggested that a plan to increase the awareness of technology teachers on the use of description and essay type assessments should be proposed. 이 연구는 서․논술형 평가도구 개발 방법을 적용하여 기술 교사들이 수업 평가의 실제에서 활용할 수 있는 서․논술형 예시 평가도구를 제시하는 것에 그목적이 있었다. 이를 위해 평가요소 선정, 계획 수립, 문항 및 채점기준 개발, 전문가 검토, 수정 및 보완의 과정을 거쳐 서․논술형 예시 평가 문항을 개발하였다. 이 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중등 기술교과 서․논술형 평가 도구를 6개 주제, 12문항으로 개발하였다. 이 연구에서는 기존에 기술교과에서 상대적으로 주목받지 못하였던 서․논술형 평가 도구의 예시를 제시함으로써 앞으로 기술 교과에서의 서․논술형 평가활용에 대한 화두와 이정표로써의 방안을 제시하였다. 둘째, 본 연구에서 개발된 서․논술형 예시 평가도구에는 세부 채점기준, 피드백 예시, 학생 기대수행을 제공하여 서․논술형 평가를 통한 교사와 학생의 상호작용을 돕고, 평가로써 객관성을 확보할 수 있도록 하였다. 셋째, 본 연구에서 개발된 서․논술형 평가를 직접 활용해본 교사 및 학생들은서․논술형 평가 방식에 긍정적인 견해를 보이고 있었다. 학생들은 서․논술형 평가가 기존의 지식 측정 평가 방식과는 달리 학생 스스로 생각하고 의견을 개진할 기회를 주고, 이것이 창의적 사고를 요구하는 미래사회에 필요한 능력을 키워줄 수 있다고 생각하였다. 추후, 이번 연구에서 개발되지 않은 여타의 기술 교과 내용 영역에 대하여서․논술형 평가 문항이 체계적으로 개발될 것과, 서․논술형 평가 활용에 대한기술 교사들의 인식 제고를 위한 방안이 제안될 것을 제언한다.

자유학기제의 ‘기술’ 관련 동아리 활동을 위한 수행 총평 기법 및 도구 개발

김성애 한국기술교육학회 2017 한국기술교육학회지 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study is to develop assessment methods and instruments for a middle school’s free semester club activities that contribute in reinforcing free semester assessment. For this reason, performance assessment methods and instruments for club activities related to technology have been developed and validity has been verified by 6 experts. The followings are the conclusions of this study:First, one can break free from repetitive, passive, rank-oriented, and teacher-centered assessments, and will able to improve their learning ability with a self-driven attitude through an active assessment method. Also, teaching and learning processes were adjoint while various admission assessments were conducted in a process-oriented fashion. Through this process, methods and tools that fit the students best were developed. Second, the club activities related to ‘technology’ were chosen. Appropriate assessment methods and tools were developed for each activity and various assessment methods and tools were suggested. The results of this study can be directly applied to the field as shown in the example. Therefore, the results of the study can be used effectively to assess free semester club activities. Also, it will contribute to reinforcing free semester assessments. 본 연구에서는 중학교 자유학기제 교육과정의 자유학기 활동 중 동아리 활동에 적합한 수행 총평 기법 및 도구를 개발하여 자유학기제 평가 내실화에 기여하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 ‘기술’ 관련 동아리 활동을 위한 수행 총평 기법 및 도구를 개발하였으며 전문가 6인의 내용 검토를 통하여 수정‧보완하여 완성하였다. 본 연구를 통해 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기존의 서열식, 정기적, 수동적인 교사 중심의 평가에서 벗어나 자기주도 학습 능력을 향상시킬 수 있는 능동적 평가가 될 수 있도록 하였으며, 교수・학습 과정과 결합되어 지속적으로 이루어지는 과정 중심의 다양한 수시 평가와 함께 학생 평가를 강화한 수행 총평 기법 및 도구를 개발하였다. 둘째, 동아리 활동 중 ‘기술’ 관련 동아리 활동을 선정하여 이에 알맞은 수행 총평 기법 및 도구를 개발하였다. 기술・가정과의 성취 기준을 토대로 자유학기 핵심 역량에 따른 총평 기준 개발 절차 및 기준을 개발하였으며, 교사에 의한 총평 및 학생에 의한 총평에 따라 다양한 수행 총평 기법과 그에 따른 총평 도구를 제시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 교사에 의한 총평과 학생에 의한 총평으로 나뉘어져 있으며 예시 안 그대로 현장에 바로 적용할 수 있어 자유학기 활동 중 기술 관련 동아리 활동의 평가를 위해 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이며, 자유학기제 평가의 내실화에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

중학교 ‘기술·가정’과 ‘기술과 발명’ 단원을 위한 수행 총평 도구 개발

이상봉,김지숙 한국기술교육학회 2011 한국기술교육학회지 Vol.11 No.3

The purpose of this study was to develop the performance assessment instrument for 'technology-home economics' the unit at the 'technology and invention' subject in middle school. At the stage of preparation, this study selected the hand-on activity suited for a unit and composed the instructional process plan by analyzing the achievement standard, class objective and contents in 'technology-home economics' the unit at the 'technology and invention' subject in middle school. At the stage of development, this study developed selected of performance assessment method suited for the hand-on activity and developed the performance assessment instrument. At the stage of improvement, this study modified and complemented the developed performance assessment instrument by conducting a pilot test targeting an expert group and middle school students. The developed instrument of performance assessment includes the teacher's checking list, evaluation of finished products, portfolio, interview, self-assessment sheet, and peer review sheet, and this study suggested the use of instrument by school level in an effort to enhance not only a minimum of reliability, validity, and objectivity but also practicality. On the basis of the above research results, this study concluded that the tool of general review of performance is required by a variety of fields consequent on each and every province of the curriculum and level of work-study experience, etc. and this study proposes that a lot more work-study tasks should be developed to be used as the data for overall decision-making ranging from its selection and assessment. 이 연구의 목적은 중학교 ‘기술・가정’과 ‘기술과 발명’ 단원을 위해 수행 총평 도구를 개발하는데 있다. 수행 총평 도구는 준비, 개발, 개선 단계에 따라 진행되었다. 준비 단계에서는 중학교 ‘기술・가정’과 ‘기술과 발명’ 단원에서의 성취 기준 및 수업 목표와 내용을 분석하여 단원에 적합한 체험학습 과제를 선정하고 수업 과정안을 구성하였다. 개발단계에서는 체험 활동 과제에 적합한 수행 총평 기법을 선정하고 수행 총평 도구를 개발하였다. 개선단계에서는 개발한 수행 총평 도구에 대하여 전문가 집단과 중학생들을 대상으로 예비 시험을 실시하여 수정・보완하였다. 개발된 수행 총평 도구는 교사 점검표, 완제품 평가, 포트폴리오, 면담, 자기평가표, 동료평가표이며 최소한의 신뢰성과 타당성, 객관성뿐만 아니라 실용성을 높이기 위해 학교 급별 도구 사용을 제시하였다. 이상의 연구 결과를 바탕으로 수행 총평 도구는 교육과정 영역별, 체험활동 경험 정도 등에 따른 다양한 방면에서 필요하며, 더욱 많은 체험 활동 과제가 개발되어 선정부터 평가까지 종합적인 의사결정의 자료로 활용되기를 제안한다.

암 환자 식욕부진 증상 평가 도구의 활용 및 특성에 대한 분석

오소미,전천후,박선주,장보형,박정수,장수빈,신용철,고성규,Oh, So-Mi,Cheon, Chunhoo,Park, Sunju,Jang, Bo-Hyoung,Park, Jeong-Su,Jang, Soobin,Shin, Yongcheol,Ko, Seong-Gyu 대한예방한의학회 2013 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.17 No.3

Objectives : Anorexia is the primary symptom impinging cancer patients' Quality of Life. It is usually accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms(GI symptoms). Thus, to measure anorexia symptom precisely, assessing anorexia and GI symptoms together is recommended. This study was designed to analyze cancer-related anorexia assessment tools, extract GI symptoms included in these tools and investigate usefulness of instruments in clinical trials. Methods : Instruments were selected by searching PubMed, PROQOLID database. We analyzed instruments by number of items, assessment method, type of question, GI symptoms. Results : 9 instruments were selected to assess cancer-related anorexia symptom. Most tools adopt Likert scale as response scale and 'during past week' as recall period. Assessment method of all 9 instruments is the self-administration. Questions measuring anorexia are able to be sorted into 3 forms (frequency, severeness, distress of anorexia symptom). Among the GI symptoms, nausea is included in all 9 instruments. In clinical trials of cancer-related anorexia, Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale(ESAS) and Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy Questionnaire(FAACT) were selected as endpoint measure. Conclusions : The result showed that FAACT is the only specialized tool to assess cancer-related anorexia. To measure cancer-related anorexia precisely, the need to develop new instrument exists.

초등학교 ‘실과’의 기술 영역 단원을 위한 수행평가 방법 및 도구 개발

이상봉,배선아,김성애 한국실과교육연구학회 2014 實科敎育硏究 Vol.20 No.4

이 연구의 목적은 초등학교 ‘실과’의 기술 영역 단원에 알맞은 수행평가 방법과 도구를 개발하는 데 있다. 이 연구를 통하여 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 이 연구에서는 기존의 결과 중심의 일회적, 단일 속성, 집단적, 획일적, 목표 중심 및 교사 중심 의 평가에서 벗어나 과정 중심의 지속적, 수시 평가로서의 다원적 속성, 개별적 학생 중심의 수행 평 가 방법 및 도구를 개발하였다. 둘째, 초등학교 ‘실과’의 기술영역 단원 중 수행 중심의 2개 단원(‘생활과 기술’, ‘생활과 전기・전자’) 을 선정하여 각 단원에 알맞은 수행 평가 방법 및 도구를 개발하였으며, 포트폴리오, 완제품 평가, 자 기 평가, 동료 평가, 관찰 등 다양한 평가 방법 및 평가도구를 제시하였다. 셋째, 개발된 수행평가 방법 및 도구는 예시 안 그대로 적용 가능하며, 강조하는 수업 목표 및 내용에 따라 교사가 취사선택하여 현장에 바로 적용할 수 있다. The objective of this study was to select the task for technology area covered by the Practical Arts subject under elementary school curriculum and to develop the evaluation method and instruments. To achieve the objective of this study, the task-oriented units were selected, followed by the establishment of class strategy based on the analysis of the achievement criteria for 2009 Revised Practical Arts Curriculum, and furthermore, the suitable assessment method and instruments were developed. Based on the results of this study, the following conclusions were drawn:First, this study is meaningful in that it developed the task assessment method and instruments focusing on individual students and their multiple characteristics as task-oriented constant and frequent assessment, going beyond the result-oriented one-time assessment, assessment of singular characteristics, collective, uniform, and goal-oriented and teacher-oriented assessment. Second, the task-oriented 2 units('Life and Technology', 'Life and Electricity/ Electronics') were selected which covered the techonolgy area of 'Practical Arts' subject under elementary school curriculum, followed by the development of task assessment method and instruments suited to each unit. Based on that, various assessment method and instruments were presented such as the portfolio, assessment of finished products, self-evaluation, observation, etc. Third, the task assessment methodology and instruments, which were developed in this study, can be applied exactly as presented in the example, and are meaningful as they can be selected by teachers as appropriate for the class objectives and contents which are emphasized in their immediate application to the site.

터널계측용 록볼트축력계와 지중변위계의 불량원인 파악과 검증방법에 대한 연구

김영배,노원석,이성원,전훈민,이강일 사단법인 한국터널지하공간학회 2022 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.24 No.5

Instrumentations are essential in NATM tunnels, however measuring instruments are installed and applied without performance verification procedures due to insufficient research on methods, procedures, regulations, etc. to verify the reliability of the measuring instruments. In this study, domestic and foreign regulations relating to the verification and calibration of instruments were investigated and necessities for accreditation standards were proposed. In order to identify the causes of the defects, an external inspection was performed on rock bolt stressmeter and rod extensometer, which are measuring instruments with relatively complex structures. For verifying the performance of these instruments, verification devices were developed that can load step-bystep and the causes of defects were identified in measuring instruments of nine domesticmanufacturers. Through the performance test, a number of measuring instruments were found to be defective. It was important to test the performance of the instruments in the state of a finished product and accordingly performance inspection methods and procedures were proposed. The results of this study are expected to help preparingrelated regulations for verifying instrument performance and selecting instruments in the field. NATM 터널에서 계측은 필수 불가결한 요소이나 계측기의 신뢰도를 검증할 방법, 절차, 규정 등에 대한 연구가 부족함으로 인해 터널에서 계측기가 성능검증 절차 없이 설치 및 적용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내외 계측 검 ‧ 교정 관련 규정을 조사하고 공인 인정기준의 필요성을 제시하였다. 또한 터널계측기 중 록볼트 축력계와 지중변위계를 대상으로 계측기의 불량원인을 외관검사로 파악하였으며 성능검사를 위해 단계별 하중 재하가 가능한 검증 장치를 개발하여 국내 9개 계측제조업체의 정밀계측기 불량원인을 파악하였다. 개별센서 위주의 성능테스트도 중요하나 완제품 상태에서 검증 절차를 통과해야 함이 필수적이므로 이에 따른 성능검사 방법과 절차를 제시하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 향후 계측기 성능검증을 위한 관련 규정 마련과 현장에서 계측기를 선정하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.