Antifungal performance of BFS mortar with various natural antifungal substances and their physical properties

So, H.s.,Jang, H.s.,Lee, B.r.,So, S.y. Butterworth Scientific ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Construction and Building Materials Vol.108 No.-

This study discusses the basic physical properties, as well as the durability and antifungal performance of blast furnace slag (BFS) mortar with various natural antifungal substances. As a series of basic experiments, the antifungal performances of various natural antifungal substances extracted from Marjoram, Phytoncide, Thyme, Ginkgo leaves, and Chitosan were investigated on five types of mold: Chaetomium globosum, Aspergillus niger, Aureobasidium pullulans, Gliocladium virens, and Penicillium pinophilum. Marjoram and phytoncide extracts, which showed excellent antifungal performance in the basic experiment, were selected and applied to the antifungal mortars. The physical properties in addition to the durability and antifungal performance of the antifungal mortars were investigated. The results clearly showed that the antifungal mortars with the marjoram extract had excellent antifungal performance compared with other antifungal mortars with natural antifungal substances. Their antifungal performance was at an equivalent level to that of the mortars with organic chemical antifungal agents. It was also shown that the optimum addition rate of marjoram extract in the mortar was 3% by mass of binder, considering antifungal performance and durability. The adverse effect of marjoram and phytoncide extract on the consistency and strength of antifungal mortars was insignificant.

여러 독소생성 진균에 대한 Streptomyces 균주의 항진균 활성

Ji-Seon Hwang,Hong-Gyu Song 한국미생물학회 2020 미생물학회지 Vol.56 No.4

In this study several antifungal activities of Streptomyces sporoverrucosus JS383 and S. lavendulae JS669 and antifungal substances produced by them against 10 kinds of toxigenic fungi were investigated. They produced large growth inhibitory zones (5.7~25.3 mm dia.) against target toxigenic fungi in the disc diffusion assay. JS383 and JS669 suppressed sporulation of all target fungi up to 97.3 and 99.2%, respectively, and also inhibited spore germination of most target fungi over 72.5%. They inhibited mycelial growth of toxigenic Aspergillus spp. significantly in a broth medium, and especially JS383 and JS669 completely suppressed the growth of A. flavus KACC45068 and KACC44986, respectively. Mycotoxin productions decreased significantly in these cultures, and JS383 and JS669 reduced the AFB1 production of A. flavus KACC45068 by 97.8% and 98.8%, respectively. JS383 and JS669 produced siderophore up to 113.2 and 110.2 μM, respectively, and showed the maximum chitinase activity of 1.4 U/ml as antifugal substances. These results suggest JS383 and JS669 strains and their metabolites may be used in a biological method to protect grains and feed against toxigenic fungi, and reduce economic and public health damage. 본 연구에서는 Streptomyces sporoverrucosus JS383과 S. lavendulae JS669 균주의 독소 생성 진균 10 종류에 대한 여러항진균 활성과 그들이 생성하는 항진균 물질에 대해 조사하였다. 이들은 disc diffusion assay에서 대상 진균에 대하여 큰 생장저해대(직경 5.7~25.3 mm)를 형성하였다. JS383과 JS669 균주는 모든 대상 진균의 포자 생성을 각각 97.3과 99.2%까지억제하였으며, 또한 대부분의 표적 진균의 포자 발아도 72.5% 이상 저해하였다. 이들은 액체 배지에서 독소 생성 Aspergillus spp.의 균사체 생장을 유의하게 감소시켰으며, 특히 JS383과JS669는 각각 A. flavus KACC45068과 KACC44986의 생장을 완전히 억제시켰다. 이 배양에서 진균 독소 생성이 유의하게 감소되었는데, JS383 and JS669는 A. flavus KACC45068 의 AFB1 생성을 각각 97.8과 98.8%로 감소시켰다. JS383 and JS669은 항진균 물질로 각각 최대 113.2 and 110.2 μM의siderophore를 생성하였으며, 최대 1.4 U/ml의 chitinase 활성을 나타내었다. 이 결과는 JS383과 JS669 균주와 이들의 대사산물이 곡물과 사료를 독소 생성 진균으로부터 보호하고 경제적 및 공중 보건적 피해를 감소시킬 수 있는 생물학적인 방법에 사용될 수 있을 것을 제시한다.

Bacillus subtilis 분리균주들의 독소생성 진균에 대한 항진균 활성

황지선,송홍규 한국미생물학회 2020 미생물학회지 Vol.56 No.1

Toxigenic fungi can contaminate feed and grains and produce toxins which are toxic and carcinogenic to humans and animals at low concentration. This study aims to evaluate antifungal activity against toxigenic fungi by Bacillus subtilis AF11 and YR47 isolated from soil and their antifungal substances. These strains suppressed mycelial growth in the plate diffusion assay and showed the inhibition zones over 13.3 mm against 3 ochratoxigenic fugi and 4 fumonisinigenic fungi. AF11 and YR47 also inhibited sporulation of the target fungi by 77.7~ 100.0 and 75.4~100.0%, respectively compared to those of the control. They removed 38~90% of the fungal spores (10 7 spores/ml), and suppressed germination of the remaining spores by more than 94.9%. Ochratoxin A production decreased effectively when ochratoxigenic Aspergillus strains were cocultured with AF11 or YR47 in YES broth. It might be due to the antifungal substances including siderophore, β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase and protease produced by these strains. These results suggest that Bacillus subtilis AF11 and YR47 can be used to control growth of toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxin production. 독소생성 진균은 사료 및 곡물 등을 오염시키며 독소를생산하는데 이는 저농도로도 인간과 동물에게 독성과 발암성을 나타낸다. 본 연구에서는 토양에서 분리한 Bacillus subtilis AF11과 YR47 균주의 독소생성 진균에 대한 항진균 활성과 이들의 항진균 물질을 조사하였다. 이 균주들은 평판확산시험에서 균사 생장을 효과적으로 억제하여3개의 오크라톡신 생성진균과 4개의 퓨모니신 생성진균에 대해 13.3 mm 이상의 억제 직경을 나타내었다. AF11과YR47은 또한 대상 진균의 포자형성을 대조군에 비해 각각77.7~100.0 및 75.4~100.0% 저해하였다. 이들은 진균 포자(10 7 spores/ml)를 38~90% 제거하였으며, 잔류 포자의 발아를 94.9% 이상 억제하였다. YES 액체배지에서 오크라톡신A (OTA) 생성 Aspergillus와 AF11 또는 YR47을 동시 접종시 OTA 생성이 효과적으로 낮아졌다. 이는 이 균주들이 생성하는 siderophore, β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase 및 protease 를 포함한 항진균 물질 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 이 결과는Bacillus subtilis AF11과 YR47 균주가 독소생성 진균의 생장및 진균독소 생성의 제어에 이용될 수 있는 것을 제시한다.

Identification of Antifungal Substances of Lactobacillus sakei subsp. ALI033 and Antifungal Activity against Penicillium brevicompactum Strain FI02

Huh, Chang Ki,Hwang, Tae Yean The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2016 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.21 No.1

This study was performed to investigate the antifungal substances and the antifungal activity against fungi of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from kimchi. LAB from kimchi in Imsil showed antifungal activity against Penicillium brevicompactum strain FI02. LAB LI031 was identified as Lactobacillus sakei subsp. Antifungal substances contained in L. sakei subsp. ALI033 culture media were unstable at high pH levels. Both, the control and proteinase K and protease treated samples showed clear zones, suggesting that the antifungal substances produced by ALI033 were non-protein substances unaffected by protesases. Both, the control and catalase showed clear zones, suggesting that the antifungal metabolite was not $H_2O_2$. The molecular weights of the antifungal substances were ${\leq}3,000Da$. The organic acid content of crude antifungal substances produced by L. sakei subsp. ALI033 showed high concentrations of lactic acid (502.47 mg/100 g). Therefore, these results suggest that antifungal substance produced by L. sakei subsp. ALI033 is most likely due to its ability in producing organic acid.

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IUB158-03이 생산하는 항진균물질의 생화학적 특성 및 독성

김혜영(Hye Young Kim),이태수(Tae Soo Lee) 한국생명과학회 2009 생명과학회지 Vol.19 No.11

B. amyloliquefaciens IUB158-03균주에서 정제된 항진균물질은 극성인 용매에 잘 용해되고, pH 6.0~10.0와 -70~121℃에서와 같이 넓은 범위의 온도 및 pH에서 안정성을 보였다. 항진균물질의 FAB-MS, UV 흡수 스펙트럼, 아미노산 조성 등을 분석한 결과 분자량은 1,042 이었고, TLC를 이용하여 분석한 결과 ninhydrin solution에서 보라색으로 발색되었다. UV 스펙트럼은 220 ㎚, 277 ㎚에서 λmax를 보였으며, Asn₃, Gln₂, Ser₁ Gly₁, Tyr₁의 아미노산 조성을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 ¹H-NMR spectrum, ¹H-COSY, HMQC 을 분석한 결과 iturin A계에 속하는 물질로 확인되었다. NIH3T3 섬유아세포에 대해 항진균물질이 세포독성을 나타내지 않는 것은 물론 마우스에 항진균물질을 경구투여하여 장기 내의 변화와 백혈구 수, 생체내의 생리적인 기능면에서 정상 마우스와 차이를 보이지 않았으므로 생체독성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 B. amyloliquefaciens IUB158-03에서 분리된 항진균물질이 앞으로 고추탄저병의 생물적 방제제로 이용될 수 있는 잠재성을 갖고 있는 것으로 사료된다. The purified antifungal substances produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IUB158-03 was positive to ninhydrin but negative to aniline, suggesting that the antifungal substance could be a peptide. FAB-MS, UV adsorption spectrum, and amino acid composition analysis revealed that the molecular weight of the antifungal substance was 1042 and that maximal adsorption was at 220 ㎚ and 277 ㎚. The antifungal substance was composed of Asn₃, Gln₂, Ser₁, Gly₁, and Tyr₁. The composition and structural characteristics of antifungal substance were analysed by ¹H-NMR spectrum, ¹H-COSY, HMQC, which revealed that the compound belongs to the iturin A family. Temperature and pH had little effect on the stability of the antifungal substance in the ranges of -70~121℃ and pH 6.0~10.0, respectively. It showed strong antibiotic activity against fungi. An in vitro cytotoxicity test using NIH3T3 cell showed that the antifungal substance does not have cytotoxicity. The number of circulating leukocytes and the hematobiological analysis of the mice administered with the antifungal substances was similar to those of the control group, indicating no cytotoxicity in vivo. Therefore, the antifungal substances extracted from culture broth of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens IUB158-03 have future potential as biocontrol agents against plant diseases caused by fungi.

Identification of Antifungal Substances of Lactobacillus sakei subsp. ALI033 and Antifungal Activity against Penicillium brevicompactum Strain FI02

Chang Ki Huh,Tae Yean Hwang 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.21 No.1

This study was performed to investigate the antifungal substances and the antifungal activity against fungi of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from kimchi. LAB from kimchi in Imsil showed antifungal activity against Penicillium brevicompactum strain FI02. LAB LI031 was identified as Lactobacillus sakei subsp. Antifungal substances contained in L. sakei subsp. ALI033 culture media were unstable at high pH levels. Both, the control and proteinase K and protease treated samples showed clear zones, suggesting that the antifungal substances produced by ALI033 were non-protein substances unaffected by protesases. Both, the control and catalase showed clear zones, suggesting that the antifungal metabolite was not H₂O₂. The molecular weights of the antifungal substances were ≤3,000 Da. The organic acid content of crude antifungal substances produced by L. sakei subsp. ALI033 showed high concentrations of lactic acid (502.47 mg/100 g). Therefore, these results suggest that antifungal substance produced by L. sakei subsp. ALI033 is most likely due to its ability in producing organic acid.

Identification of Antifungal Substances of Lactobacillus sakei subsp. ALI033 and Antifungal Activity against Penicillium brevicompactum Strain FI02

허창기,황태연 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.21 No.1

This study was performed to investigate the antifungal substances and the antifungal activity against fungi of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from kimchi. LAB from kimchi in Imsil showed antifungal activity against Penicillium brevicompactum strain FI02. LAB LI031 was identified as Lactobacillus sakei subsp. Antifungal substances contained in L. sakei subsp. ALI033 culture media were unstable at high pH levels. Both, the control and proteinase K and protease treated samples showed clear zones, suggesting that the antifungal substances produced by ALI033 were non-protein substances unaffected by protesases. Both, the control and catalase showed clear zones, suggesting that the antifungal metabolite was not H2O2. The molecular weights of the antifungal substances were ≤3,000 Da. The organic acid content of crude antifungal substances produced by L. sakei subsp. ALI033 showed high concentrations of lactic acid (502.47 mg/100 g). Therefore, these results suggest that antifungal substance produced by L. sakei subsp. ALI033 is most likely due to its ability in producing organic acid.

당귀와 백지로부터 분리한 Coumarin계 물질들의 식물병원균에 대한 항균활성

유시용(Shi Yong Ryu),김진철(Jin-Cheol Kim),김영섭(Young Sup Kim),김흥태(Heung Tae Kim),김성기(Seong Kie Kim),최경자(Gyung Ja Choi),김정섭(Jeoung Seob Kim),이선우(Seon-Woo Lee),허정희(Junghee Heor),조광연(Kwang Yun Cho) 한국농약과학회 2001 농약과학회지 Vol.5 No.3

In order to search potent antifungal substances from domestic plants, 40 plants cultivated in Korea were collected. After extracting with methanol (MeOH) and concentrating to dryness, the MeOH extracts were screened for in vivo antifungal activity against six plant diseases at a concentration of 2000 ㎍/mL. Fourteen extracts showed disease-controlling activity more than 90% against at least one of the 6 plant diseases tested; eight, seven, and three extracts controlled more than 90% the development of rice blast, tomato late blight, and wheat leaf rust, respectively. However, none of the extracts exhibited in vivo antifungal activity more than 90% against rice sheath blight, tomato gray mold, and barley powdery mildew. From the MeOH extracts of Angelica gigas and A. dahurica showing potent controlling activity against rice blast, 1 and 2 antifungal substances, respectively, were isolated by solvent partitioning and column chromatography. The three compounds were identified to be coumarins, namely, decursin, imperatorin, and isoimperatorin, by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. They were examined for in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities together with umbelliferone (7-hydroxycournarin) and scopoletin (6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin) containing a free hydroxyl group at position 7 to investigate the structure-activity relationship. In vitro, most of 50% growth inhibitory concentrations (IC??) were over 200 ㎍/mL, indicating that they have relatively weak antifungal activity. The antifungal activity of decursin and scopoletin, containing cyclic alkoxy groups instead of free hydroxyl group at position 7, was stronger than umbelliferone and scopoletin. Especially, decursin and imperatorin showed potent antifungal activities against Pythium ultimum and Magnaporthe grisea, respectively, with IC?? values less than 25 ㎍/mL. In vivo, decursin and imperatorin showed potent antifungal activity against rice blast, whereas other coumarins hardly controlled the development of 6 plant diseases tested. These results suggest that the antifungal activity of 7-hydroxycoumarin derivative is substantially increased when the hydroxyl group at position 7 is protected by a stable cyclic alkoxy grouping.

Bacillus subtilis B23 균주가 생산하는 항진균성물질의 분리 및 작용기작

이용세,이창호,송치현 대구대학교 과학기술연구소 1999 科學技術硏究 Vol.5 No.5

The antifungal substance was extracted from Bacillus subtilis B23 which is antagonistic against to some soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi. When the substance was extracted with organic solvents the activity was the highest in butanol. However, inpurity was lower and concentration steps were easier in ethyl acetate than other solvents. The column chromatography was carried out after absorption of the organic extract with XAD-2. The antifungal substance was eluted in 80-100% methanol and the active fractions were pooled. The pooled fractions were partially purified to obtain active antifungal substance by XAD-2 column chromatography. The biological activity of the antifungal substance was tested using TLC plate and the antifungal mechanism was studied.

Bacillus licheniformis KJ-9를 이용한 항균발효퇴비의 생산

Dong-Cheol Seo(서동철),Jeong-Ae Ko(고정애),Sang-Won Lee(이상원) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.9

환경친화적인 항균발효퇴비를 생산할 목적으로 식물병원성 균주에 대하여 항균활성이 우수한 B. licheniformis KJ-9를 톱밥우분에 접종하여 고품질의 항균발효퇴비(B. licheniformis KJ 9 fermented compost, BLC)의 개발을 행하였다. B. licheniformis KJ-9가 생산한 물질의 온도 안정성은 100℃, 10분간 열처리하여도 약 60% 이상의 항균활성을 유지하였으며, pH 안정성은 산성보다는 pH 7.0 이상의 중성 및 알칼리성 영역에서 높은 항균활성을 유지하였다. 퇴비를 제조하는 과정에서 BLC의 경우는 우분 냄새가 확실히 줄어들었으며 또한 퇴비의 발효시간도 3일 정도 단축되었다. 고추의 pot실험 결과 BLC를 첨가한 시험구 이외의 다른 시험구에서는 고추 잎이 마르고 약간의 황색반점이 발생하였다. 그리고 BLC를 이용한 시험구는 밭 흙만을 사용한 시험구 및 밭 흙에 기존의 판매퇴비(commercial available compost, CC)를 혼합한 시험구보다 잎의 수가 많고(1.5~2배), 줄기 및 뿌리의 성장이 빠르며, 줄기가 굵은(1.5~3배) 것으로 나타났다. 마늘 및 들깨를 재배한 현장적용 실험결과 두 시험구 모두 자연발생적인 병충해의 피해는 없었지만 BLC를 사용한 밭에서 마늘 및 들깨의 생육이 현저하게 빠른 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. In order to produce environmental-friendly fermented compost, a cattle manure-sawdust compost (antifungal compost) was developed by inoculation of B. licheniformis KJ-9 to cattle manure-sawdust. The thermal stability of the antifungal substance produced by B. licheniformis KJ-9 maintained more than 60% antifungal activity with heat treatment at 100℃ for 10 min, and the optimum pH of antifungal activity of the substance was 7.0. In a pot experiment with red pepper, the antifungal compost increased 1.5~2 times in leaf number and stem and root growth rate compared to those of commercial compost. Also, the diameter of stems increased 1.5-3 times in the antifungal compost treated group. The amount of microbes increased markedly in soil supplemented with antifungal compost compared to the control. In the field experiment for cultivation of garlic and Perilla japonica, the growth of both crops was significantly enhanced in the field treated with antifungal compost as compared to the commercial compost.