Transforming Philippine agriculture through Agriculture 4.0

Julie Anne G. Cordero,Tusan Park 사단법인 한국정밀농업학회 2023 정밀농업과학기술지 Vol.5 No.4

Agriculture 4.0 has paved the way for Philippine agriculture through the One Department of Agriculture (One DA) Agenda. The government is slowly paving its way to Agriculture 4.0 through the support of collaborating countries and agencies. The increasing digital integration and advanced technologies emphasizing precision farming have contributed to the industry's growth. The agriculture, forestry, and fishing sectors contributed 8.9% to the Philippines' GDP (PSA, 2022). Agriculture 4.0 also contributed to the increase in farm mechanization level of the country to 2.679 horsepower per hectare (hp/ha) from 2.31 hp/ha in 2013 (Bagoso, 2023). The government has recently developed a more straightforward approach to farming problems, such as monitoring farm activity through drones, remote sensing, and satellite technologies. The farmers can now access real-time updates on infrastructure and machinery projects from proposal to turning-over through ABEMIS. Using remote sensing and data analytics has become a game changer in agriculture, especially in weather prediction, forecast of future yields, disaster assessment and access to insurance schemes are available with PRiSM and RIICE projects. Drone use in different applications was strengthened through policies set by the DA. The continuous research for development and technology transfer with local government units through province-led agriculture and fisheries extension systems helps the government promote digital transformation in agriculture. Indeed, Agriculture 4.0 is the future of global agriculture and the engine of agriculture modernization in the Philippines.

지방자치단체 조례 분석을 통한 우리나라 도시농업 특성 연구

최지원,오충현 한국환경정책학회 2024 環境政策 Vol.32 No.1

This study collected and analyzed 223 South Korean ordinances supporting urban agriculture to understand its characteristics and propose institutional improvements. First, institutional support for urban agriculture in South Korea is governed primarily by the “Act on Development and Support of Urban Agriculture”, which consists of 130 direct support ordinances and 93 indirect support ordinances, indicating regional disparities. To enhance nationwide urban agriculture activation, expansion and revision of direct support ordinances are necessary. Second, these direct support ordinances adress areas such as administration, funding, technology, education, equipment, urban agriculture committees, and support centers. However, many ordinances lack explicit provisions, highlighting the need for revisions. Third, the indirect support ordinances primarily focus on agricultural and rural matters; and require diversification to promote the multifunctional aspects of urban agriculture. Fourth, relatively few ordinances address the foundation of urban agriculture, necessitating comprehensive reviews that include urban planning considerations. Fifth, urban agriculture is defined with an emphasis on agricultural and recreational aspects, suggesting the need for revisions to ensure smooth support. Sixth, discrepancies exist between the titles, objectives, and ordinance definitions related to urban agriculture, underscoring the importance of reflecting community restoration, nature-friendly practices, and eco-friendly/organic agricultural characteristics in the definition of urban agriculture. Seventh, it is a necessary to refine the legal framework of direct support ordinances based on the Act on Development and Support of Urban Agriculture. Future policy development should consider the diverse functions of urban agriculture, and require local governments to make efforts to implement them.

독일유기농업 동향과 발전의 주요인 3가지

손상목 한국국제농업개발학회 2017 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.29 No.2

The top country of organic agriculture becomes nowadays well known Germany in terms of technical levels not only in the field of organic plant & animal production but also food processing & marketing. In this paper, 3 main factors which exerted a strong influence on the evolution & development of German organic agriculture in Germany were discussed.First, German Universities such as University of Bonn, University of Giessen, and Hohenheim University established Dept of Organic Agriculture and offers the organic agriculture major in the Master & Ph D course, while University of Kassel established College of Organic Agriculture and offers 23 major courses in various organic agriculture sectors. Furthermore most agriculture colleges in Germany offers some organic agriculture subjects to the students, because organic agriculture is one of the emerging industries in the agricultural sector, and farmers and consumers pay a great attention. There are 50 universities which offer agriculture courses in Korea, nevertheless none of Korean university offers Dept of Organic Agriculture. Second, German federal government established National Institute of Organic Agriculture in Trenthorst and tried to develop new scientific technology and skills for organic plant and animal production. And these new technical information was transferred to organic farmers through Demonstration Farm which is located in more than 200 sites. Third, Organic Agriculture Extension Service Center such as Kompetenzzentrum Oekolandbau Niedersachen (KÖN) was established in each states from 2002. These Organic Centers offer various advices for organic farmers verified scientifically or and the technical package for conversion farmer too.

고등학교 교육과정상의 농생명산업계열 기준학과에 따른 동일계 학과 범위 설정에 관한 연구

김진구,이건남 한국농·산업교육학회 2010 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.42 No.2

The purpose of this study was to research the agreement level of professors in agricultural universities with the range of agricultural departments established in agricultural schools, and based on this, to provide the fundamental resource to develop a systematic agricultural workforce development program in regular professional institutions for agricultural education and to set up the same range of department between agriculture high school and universities. For this, the current state of the agricultural department was researched through home pages of the agricultural high schools and universities, and the surveys on classification of agricultural department to the professors in the selected 9 agricultural universities by purposive sampling were conducted. The results of the study were as following. First, compared with Kim (2003), the number of departments in agricultural high schools in 2009 has decreased by 27 departments from 251 to 224, but increased by 39 departments from 279 to 318 in agricultural universities. Except the departments which were duplicated in more than 2 high schools or universities, the number of departments in agricultural highschool has increased by 38 departments from 73 to 111 and the number of departments in agricultural university has increased by 27 departments from 173 to 200. Second, among the 9 standard departments affiliated agriculture and life industry stated in high school curriculum, the standard departments in agricultural high school 100% agreed by the professors in agricultural universities based on the academic relations were only 3 include landscaping(1 department), agricultural product distribution information(2 departments), and environmental and tourist agriculture(1 department), and there was no 100% agreement by the professors in agricultural universities for other 6 standard departments. the standard departments in agricultural university 100% agreed by the professors in agricultural universities were 7 include animal resource(3 departments), food processing(6 departments), agricultural machine(2 departments), agricultural engineering(1 department), landscaping(4 departments), agricultural product distribution information(3 departments), and biological engineering(4 departments). But, there was no 100% agreement for plant resource and environmental and tourist agriculture. Third, the examples which had a big gap of the level of agreement by where the same or similar department which were established in the standard departments were found, although they might be easily separated because the name of the department was clear enough for them to be sorted in the related standard department. Based on these results, the followings were suggested in this study. First, the periodic research on the current state of agriculture high schools and universities is needed to be conducted. Second, a Delphi-analytic approach on classification of the agricultural departments to the subject expert group. Third, to foster preliminary agricultural workforce, the study on analyzing and comparing between the students who entered the departments of agriculture highschool closely related to the standard department affiliated agriculture and life industry in curriculum and those who did not is also necessary. Fourth, based on the characteristics of agriculture which has been developed as a multi-academic and integrated industry, the recognition of professors in agricultural universities on the range of departments is needed to be enhanced. 이 연구는 고등학교 교육과정상의 농생명산업계열 기준학과를 기준으로 농업계 학교에 설치된 농업계 학과의 동일계 범위에 관한 농업계 대학 교수들의 합의 수준을 조사하고, 이를 바탕으로 농업계 고등학교 및 대학 간의 동일계 학과 범위 설정과 정규 전문농업교육기관에서의 체계적인 농업인력 양성 프로그램 모색을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있었다. 이를 위하여 이 연구에서는 농업계 고등학교 및 대학의 각급학교 홈페이지를 조사하여 농업계 학과 현황을 파악하였고, 유의표집을 통하여 선정된 9개의 농업계 대학 교수들을 대상으로 농업계 학과 분류에 관한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 이 연구로부터 도출된 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 2003년의 선행연구(김진구, 2003)와 비교하여 2009년 농업계 고등학교에 설치된 총 학과 수는 27개(251개→224개) 감소하였던 반면 농업계 대학에 설치된 총 학과 수는 39개(279개→318개)증가하였다. 2개교 이상 중복 설치된 학과를 제외하면 농업계 고등학교는 38개(73개→111개), 농업계 대학은 27개(173개→200개)의 학과가 증가되었다. 둘째, 고등학교 교육과정상의 농생명산업계열 9개 기준학과 중, 학문적 관련성을 근거로 농업계 대학 교수들에 의해 100%합의된 농업계 고등학교 학과가 있었던 기준학과는 조경(1개 학과), 농산물유통정보(2개 학과), 환경․관광농업(1개 학과) 등 3개뿐이었고, 나머지 6개 기준학과에는 없었다. 100%합의된 농업계 대학 학과가 있었던 기준학과는 동물자원(3개 학과), 식품가공(6개 학과), 농업기계(2개 학과), 농업토목(1개 학과), 조경(4개 학과), 농산물유통정보(3개 학과), 생물공학(4개 학과) 등 7개이었고, 식물자원 및 환경․관광농업 기준학과에는 없었다. 셋째, 학과명만으로도 동일․유사학과 판단이 가능하여 관련 기준학과로 쉽게 분류할 수 있음에도 동일한 기준학과 내에서 이들 동일․유사학과 간, 그리고 이들 동일․유사학과가 농업계 고등학교와 대학 중 어디에 설치되었느냐에 따라 합의 수준에 큰 차이가 있는 사례들도 많이 발견되었다. 이상의 결과에 근거하여 이 연구에서는 첫째, 농업계 학교의 학과 변화 동향에 대한 주기적인 현황 조사와, 둘째, 교과전문가 집단을 대상으로 농업계 학과 분류에 관한 좀 더 타당한 합의 수준을 도출할 수 있는 델파이조사, 셋째, 예비 농업인력 양성 차원에서 동일계와 비(非)동일계 진학자에 대한 비교 분석 등의 연구가 수행될 필요성이 있음을, 마지막으로 다(多)학문적이면서 종합산업의 성격을 갖는 방향으로 변화 발전된 현대 농업의 특성에 기초하여 농업계 대학 교수들의 동일계 학과 범위에 대한 인식 제고가 요구된다는 내용들을 중심으로 제언하였다.

한국의 대안 농업과 농촌의 미래

김종덕 ( Jong Duk Kim ) 쌀.삶.문명연구원 2009 쌀삶문명 연구 Vol.3 No.-

본 연구에서는 한국의 대안농업과 농촌의 미래를 다루었다. 연구자는 세계식량체계에 편입된 한국 농업과 농촌은 위기에 직면하고 있으며, 그럼에도 정부의 정책은 여전히 규모화에 초점을 맞춘 효율적 영농에 두고 있어 위기를 심화시키고 있다고 보았다. 한국농업과 농촌의 위기를 타개하는데 한국의 여건과 실정에 맞는 대안농업의 도입과 확산이 필요하다고 보고, 대안농업의 방향을 제시했다. 연구자는 한국농업이 소규모 경작면적을 가진 다수의 가족농으로 구성되었다는 점을 전제하고, 추진할 대안농업으로 지역에 바탕을 둔 지역농업, 산업형 농업이 아니라 고품질의 다양한 농산물을 생산하는 농업, 1차 산품만 생산하는 것이 아니라 가공도 하는 농업, 생산자와 소비자가 함께 하는 농업을 제안했다. 연구자는 이러한 대안농업이 생산측면, 가공측면, 생산자와 소비자와의 연결측면, 판매측면, 비용 측면에서 실현가능성이 높은 근거를 제시했다. 또 이러한 대안농업의 확산을 위해 중앙정부, 지방정부, 시민단체가 추진해야할 과제를 제시했다. 연구자는 한국농업의 미래는 두 가지 방향 중 하나로 나갈 것으로 예측했다. 현재의 관행농업으로 나간다면, 소수의 법인농이 지배하는 가운데, 농촌에 도시문화가 유입되고, 농촌성(rurality)은 상실되고, 대부분의 농촌지역이 영농과 영농관련 문화를 상실한 주거공간으로 전락할 것이다. 반대로 대안농업으로 나간다면, 가족농, 소비자와 결합된 농업, 다양한 농업이 자리할 것이고, 지역특성을 살린 농업이 발전될 것이다. Korean agriculture and the rural society has come across a crisis. Farmers find it hard to reproduce through conventional agriculture and as a result are becoming indebted more and more. As the agricultural population is decreasing, the rural society is upon the process of becoming empty. The alternative agriculture produces and supplies good, safe, and fair food, increases freedom of the farmers and the food dollars per farmer, decreases the food mile through which the security of the food is gained and the environmental problem relieved, connects the producers with the nearby community consumers resulting the symbiosis of the both parties, and finally, aims for the local agriculture, which is based on the sustainability of the agriculture and the economy, and the local traits such as local soil, climate, and the tradition. The future of the Korean rural society will be greatly affected by the Korean agriculture. If the agriculture maintains its conventional agricultural system, most of the rural areas will be dominated by a few industrial farmers, therefore lose their rurality with the introduction of the city culture, and become a mere bedtown without any agricultural and agriculture related cultures left. However, if the alternative agriculture becomes the major flow, family farmers, agriculture connected with the consumers, and the diversity will dominate and the agriculture which specializes in the local traits will prosper. The rural society will take a importance place both economically and socially.

한국 전통농업의 현대적 의의

구자옥 ( Ja Ock Guh ) 한국농업사학회 2009 농업사연구 Vol.8 No.3

1. Definition of conventional agriculture: Among the patterns of awareness, behavior, and techniques in agriculture, the native and typical thoughts, crafts, and sense of values improved for the innate environmental and agricultural conditions to be timely succeeded to future generations. 2. Technical and cultural essence of Korean conventional agriculture (1) Realization in history -Originate from the common ownership of ancient Chinese agriculture. -Create and develope of Korean identical agriculture, its skill and culture since the early of Chosun dynasty. -Realize the confidence of the people as self-help, self-respect, and self-regulate living way during the age of King Sejong, King Cheongjo and President Park. (2) Technical essence -Ecological farming by harmonize the old Chinese vitalized dry-farming and water irrigated paddy farming: the role of old-farmer, -Small size and labor-intensive farming: the dry uplands developed based on the multiple cropping and mixed cropping systems, and the paddy fields on the direct and dry seeding, rotation paddy cropping, and switching methods between upland and paddy cropping. -Historical realization of circulation ecological farming systems by the self-supplying small holders. -Self-supplying small holders realized the ecological circulating farm-management systems by use of human manure, rain-water depending paddy, and hollow cropping methods, etc. -Supplementing the weakness in small sized farming, the intensive multiple cropping systems and the mutual aiding culture and its related labor community systems. Cultural essence -Durae-culture (farm work and playing set of a communal society): Farm working system consisted with communal concepts of work and play sequences, and related as uncountable value as a result of events, namely the mutual aids from both sides of labor process and agricultural cycling of seasons. -Ondol-culture: Tighted the union of family, clan, and village of small holders, and developed into the identical culture of sitting life (Ex: sericulture, hoeing, and hand-made industry, etc.) and induced Korean traditional fermented foods and sitting-down diet systems. -The worship of Heaven, agricultural fundamentalism, and doctrine of the five natural elements of the positive and negative has modern the characteristic life-style and the sense of values of the Korean farm peoples. Dilemma of Korea Agriculture, today -Modernizing process, Korean conventional agriculture was replaced by western technical agriculture, and not harmonized with. -Through the Japanese colonial policy, the mono-cropping of paddy rice was gradually occupied in cropping by large scale, professional and commercial trends in production pattern. -After the liberation of the country, the succeeded agricultural policy of the western logics, especially the government subsides for newly targeted rural renovation projects, among others, made the essence of conventional agriculture to be forgotten and layed waste of the conventional multi-purposed agricultural systems of the small hoders. As a result of those policy, the failing of soil fertility gradual increased of biotic hazards (by weeds, insects and diseases) and environmental pollution (by fertilizer and chemical pesticide), reduction of legume, minor cereals and lowering of self-sufficiency of agricultural production in another side of abundant rice production. Moreover, the clearance of young-power from the agriculture sector(as it were the given-up of agriculture), is attracted attention among all others. -The conventional culture of agronomy, including the mutual aids among family, clan, village and love of home country is disregarded. This results deprived the justification for existence of rural area and farmers and disturbed the social order in ethical and moral fundaments of the country. -Timely asking tasks in agriculture, namely the establishment of environment-friendly, sustaining, organic, and ecological agriculture is just confronted with a difficult problem from the basic processes. Conclusion -Globalization of agricultural policy is so important to establish, however the shaping of agricultural course of a country should be considered it`s own agricultural and historical specialty and it`s related diversity and durability. -The counter-proposal of Korean agricultural development should be maintained under the consideration of conventional agriculture and it`s cultural systems. -The reason, right, justice, truth and duty of agriculture should be confined to fuse of oriental and western technical base. -The traditional culture related with agriculture should be based on the communal origin of family, clan, and region, and reconstructed with the concepts of mutual aids among small holders.

한국 친환경농업과 대안성 - ‘관행화’가설과 관련하여 -

윤병선,김철규,송원규 한국환경사회학회 2014 환경사회학연구 ECO Vol.18 No.2

Since the 1970s, harmful effects of agricultural pesticides with the spread of green revolution have resulted in the rise of eco-friendly agriculture by a small number of farmers concerned about nature and life. Afterwards, eco-friendly agriculture has expanded as the government provided support to the eco-friendly farmers as a response to the opening of agriculture market to foreign imports. Governmental intervention was focused mainly on certification system and supply of materials for eco-friendly farming. However, the governmental support has resulted in the undermining of the cause and alternative value of eco-friendly agriculture as it was based on productivist model. This paper, with an attention to the alternative values of eco-friendly agriculture, examined the nation’s eco-friendly farming by testing ‘conventionalization hypothesis.’ In other words, we analyzed how the alternative values of eco-friendly agriculture contributed to the actual farming scenes, thereby assessing the performance of eco-friendly farming in Korean agriculture. And based on the evaluation, we reviewed the meaning and sustainability of the alternative values of eco-friendly agriculture in the context of overall Korean agriculture. The data used in this research is based on results of a survey conducted from July 10 to August 25, 2014 for 538 farmers participating in eco-friendly education programs which were held throughout the nation. As a result of the survey, we obtained the following significant findings. First, eco-friendly agriculture has strengthened relationship. Farmers with higher level of practicing eco-friendly farming tend to have stronger relationship with the consumers. In particular, most of respondents said that as the rate of direct trade increased, relationship became more solid. Second, eco-friendly farming has led to improvement in ecology. Farmers with higher level of practicing eco-friendly farming experienced positive change in ecology (i.e. increase of the number of eco-friendly crops and size of farming land, etc.). Third, it was found that there is no definite relationship between farming land increase and the alternative values. Fourth, eco-friendly agriculture has not generated a positive result in terms of internal-dependence. That may be attributed to the government’s heavy focus on supporting eco-friendly agricultural materials from market, resulting in stagnation of internal circulation of agriculture. Fifth, farmers who wished to expand eco-friendly farming have relatively higher level of internal-dependence, ecology, and relationship. In short, it is expected that eco-friendly farming may play a significant role in restoring relations that were damaged by conventional farming methods under the modern agri-food system. Based on what we found, we conclude that the ‘conventionalization’ of eco-friendly farming in Korea has not taken place. Yet, in order to heighten the sustainability, eco-friendly farming needs to improve internal-dependence by decreasing the farming material provided by the market via government policy. 1970년대 이후 녹색혁명의 확산으로 농약피해가 심각해지면서 친환경농업이 하나의 대안으로 자리 잡게 되었다. 이후 한국의 친환경농업은 농산물수입개방에 대응하기 위한 정책의 하나로 육성되었다. 정부의 정책적 개입은 주로 인증제도의 마련과 친환경농자재의 지원을 중심으로 이루어졌고, 그 성과는 친환경농업의 확산으로 나타났다. 그러나 정부의 친환경육성정책이 대안적 의미나 가치에 대한 고민보다는 인증중심, 친환경농자재 지원을 중심으로 이뤄지면서 친환경농업의 가치지향성이 훼손되는 부정적인 결과도 나타났다. 본 논문은 친환경농업의 대안성에 주목하면서, 현재 한국의 친환경농업을 ‘관행화’ 가설과 관련하여 검토했다. ‘관행화’는 다양한 측면에서 고려될 수 있는데, 본 연구는 내부의존성, 생태성, 관계성이라는 세가지 측면에서 분석을 하였다. 이를 통해 친환경농업이 실제로 농업현장에서 어떤 형태로 대안성을 발현하고 있는지에 관한 분석을 통해서 한국 농업에서 친환경농업의 성과를 객관적으로 평가하고, 이를 바탕으로 현재 한국 농업에서 친환경농업이 가지고 있는 대안적 의미와 지속가능성에 대해 검토했다. 본 연구는 2014년 7월 10일부터 8월 25일 사이에 전국 일원에서 실시된 친환경농업인 교육에 참여한 생산자 538명을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 바탕으로 이루어졌다. 설문분석결과 발견한 의미있는 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 친환경농업을 통해서 관계성이 강화되고 있다는 점이다. 친환경농업 실천수준이 높은 농가일수록 관계성이 강화되는 것으로 나타났고, 특히 직거래비중이 높을수록 관계성이 강화되었다는 응답이 높았다. 둘째, 친환경농업을 통해서 생태성이 강화되고 있다는 점이다. 친환경농업 실천수준이 높은 농민일수록 긍정적인 생태성변화(재배품목의 증대와 재배면적의 증가 등)가 나타나고 있었다. 셋째, 경작면적의 증가와 대안성 사이에는 명확한 관계가 존재하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 친환경농업을 통해서 내부의존성의 강화라는 긍정적 대안성은 발휘되지 못하고 있는 것으로 평가된다. 내부의존성의 강화가 나타나지 못한 이유로 친환경농자재지원 중심의 정부정책으로 인해서 농업내부의 순환성이 강화되지 못한 측면을 지적할 수 있을 것이다. 다섯째, 친환경농업을 확대할 의향을 가지고 있는 농민들은 상대적으로 높은 수준의 내부의존성, 생태성, 관계성을 실천하고 있거나 체득하고 있다. 이런 점에서 친환경농업은 현대 농식품체계 하의 관행농업에 의해서 파괴한 관계들을 회복하는 데 중요한 역할을 수행할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 이상의 논의를 통해서 볼 때, 한국의 친환경농업이 ‘관행화’을 걷고 있다는 평가를 내릴 수 있는 근거는 희박하다고 할 수 있다. 다만 자재공급 중심의 친환경농업정책이 갖고 있는 한계가 나타나고 있으며, 이는 내부의존성 강화를 통한 대안적 가치의 확보 노력이 필요하다는 점을 보여준다.

도시농업의 정책 및 현황 분석 -서울, 경기도 사례를 중심으로-

이빛나라,이은희,양다혜 인간식물환경학회 2013 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.16 No.3

Due to desire increment of urban agriculture, local government prepared to establish a ordinance and support, activation about urban agriculture. This study is investigated urban agriculture policy and case on Seoul and gyeonggi-do. The study purpose is providing the basic data for the research of urban agriculture activation. In case of seoul, is established an urban agriculture ordinance in 2007. Also nine of the borough in Seoul established an urban agriculture ordinance. Seoul make urban agriculture facilities about a school-garden,a rooftop-garden, an allotment. There are made for the purpose of education, experience, education on urban agriculture. The ordinance was enacted in 2011 when in Gyeonggi, offers educational programs and opportunities for leisure life to our residents to reclamation school garden, City farm, roof garden, and a farm on weekends. Seoul and Gyeonggi who underwent an ordinance before the law was enacted plan of reclamation urban agriculture has been systematically compared to other local governments. However, Actively utilized by the lack of interest of citizens is difficult. We thought need to research on unification of justice and related public relations type of urban agriculture, voluntary citizen participation plan judo, and urban agriculture in order to solve the problem.

2015 개정 실과교육과정 내 친환경 미래 농업 내용에 대한 초등교사의 지식, 기술, 태도

김민석,곽혜란,장유진 한국실과교육연구학회 2019 實科敎育硏究 Vol.25 No.3

The purpose of this study was to analyze the curriculum about environmentally-friendly Future Agriculture in 2015 Revised Practical Arts Curriculum, to analyze the correlation between knowledge, technique, and attitude of elementary school teachers who operate and instruct curriculum, and to suggest the basic directions for practical arts education to carry out experience-oriented practices. This study conducted a frequency analysis to identify the general characteristics of the research subjects and investigated on the correlation between elementary school teachers’ knowledge, technique, and attitude toward the environmentally-friendly Future Agriculture in 2015 Revised Practical Arts Curriculum. This study derived following conclusion from integration of above research results. First of all, it was necessary to strengthen education on environmentally-friendly Future Agriculture for elementary school teachers to improve their knowledge on environmentally-friendly Future Agriculture. The training on environmentally-friendly Future Agriculture and various experience opportunities should be arranged for elementary school teachers consistently to enhance elementary school teachers’ professionalism on the environmentally-friendly Future Agriculture. Secondly, it was necessary to develop various teaching and learning methods and materials related to practicing and experiencing environmentally-friendly Future Agriculture education in real life to find ways to utilize the method and materials at schools. Third, elementary school teachers should provide a systematic education on environmentally-friendly Future Agriculture by reflecting ‘Sustainability’ and ‘Agricultural Experience’ emphasized at 2015 Revised Practical Arts Curriculum. This study verified that knowledge, technique, and attitude toward environmentally-friendly Future Agriculture had significant correlation. This holds significance as it identified that positive attitude toward agricultural education is formed and instructional will appears when the elementary school teachers realize the importance and value of environmentally-friendly Future Agriculture with proper awareness. Thus, the elementary school teachers should make various attempts to improve knowledge and technique on environmentally-friendly Future Agriculture. 이 연구의 목적은 2015 개정 실과교육과정 내 친환경 미래 농업에 대한 교육과정 내용을 분석하고, 실제 교육과정을 운영 및 지도하는 초등교사의 친환경 미래 농업에 대한 지식, 기술, 태도에 대한 교사의 인식을 알아보아 이를 현장에서 실천하기 위한 실과교육의 방향을 제안하고자 하는데 있다. 또한 2015 개정 실과교육과정 내 친환경 미래 농업에 대한 교육과정 내용, 초등교사의 배경변인 및 교양농업교육과 관련된 경험의 유무에 따른 친환경 미래 농업에 대한 지식, 기술, 태도 수준과 이들 간의 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 문헌분석과 설문조사를 활용한 양적연구를 실시하였으며 2015 개정 실과교육과정 내 친환경 미래 농업과 관련 있는 영역, 핵심개념, 성취기준 및 내용을 분석하였다. 서울 및 경기도에 재직 중인 초등교사 43명을 임의표집하여 온라인 설문조사를 실시한 결과, 배경변인에 따른 친환경 미래 농업에 대한 초등교사의 태도 수준의 차이는 교직경력, 실과 전공 유무, 실과 교과 지도 경험 유무에서 유의미하게 나타났다. 교직경력이 10년 이상일수록, 실과를 전공한 교사일수록, 실과를 지도한 경험이 있는 교사일수록 친환경 미래 농업의 중요성을 높게 지각하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 친환경 미래 농업 내용에 대한 지식과 기술, 친환경 미래 농업 내용에 대한 지식과 태도, 친환경 미래 농업 내용에 대한 기술과 태도는 각각 유의미한 상관관계가 있었다. 상관분석결과, 친환경 미래 농업 내용에 대한 기술과 태도의 모든 하위요인 영역에서 정적인 상관관계가 있는 것으로 분석되었으며 태도의 하위요인 중 미래 농업이 적용된 도시의 변화에 있어 가장 큰 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 종합하여 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 초등교사를 상대로 친환경 미래 농업 관련 교육 강화를 통해 친환경 미래 농업과 관련된 교사의 지식수준 향상을 위해 친환경 미래 농업과 관련된 연수 및 체험의 다양한 기회를 마련하여 지속적인 전문성 신장방안을 마련해야 할 것이다. 둘째, 실생활에서 실천하고 체험할 수 있는 친환경 미래 농업교육과 관련된 다양한 교수학습 방법 및 교수학습 자료를 개발하여 학교 현장에서 적극적으로 활용할 수 있는 방안을 모색해야 할 것이다. 셋째, 초등교사 양성 기관의 교육과정에 2015 개정 실과교육과정 내 친환경 미래 농업에서 강조하는 ‘지속가능’, ‘농업체험’ 등을 반영하여 체계적인 친환경 미래 농업 교육이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 본 연구에서는 친환경 미래 농업에 대한 지식, 기술, 태도 간 유의미한 영향을 미친다는 사실을 확인하였으며 이는 초등교사가 친환경 미래 농업에 대한 중요성과 의의를 깨닫고 정확한 인식이 있을 때 농업교육에 관한 긍정적인 태도가 형성되고, 수업의지로 발현됨을 밝혀냈다는 것에 의의가 있다. 따라서 학교 현장에서는 교사들이 친환경 미래 농업과 관련하여 지식, 기술을 증진시키기 위해 다양한 시도가 이루어져야 할 것으로 보인다.

자료 : 에너지 자립을 위한 도시농업 활성화 추진정책 방안

나영은 ( Young Eun Na ) 한국환경농학회 2010 한국환경농학회지 Vol.29 No.3

This study compared and analyzed existing studies and released papers to identify the "definition and scope of urban agriculture" which correspond to the circumstances of Korea based on the fact that urban agriculture was selected as one of the measures to pursue green growth by the Presidential Committee on Green Growth (PCGG) and the discussions and deliberations among PCGG, government, academia, civic organizations, and experts. It also aims to present the ways of policy to facilitate the development of urban agriculture based on the mentioned identification. This research proposes the definition of urban agriculture as `all agricultural activities that incorporates multi-functional public benefits of agriculture performed within the administrative district of a city. However, the scope of urban agriculture should exclude the agricultural sites, the methods, and the activities that are against the multi-functional public benefits of agriculture, which will be determined depending on the spaces, methods, and purposes of planting food crops. In order to facilitate the development of urban agriculture, the government should implement the policy measures as following: ① to analyze spaces for farming, and provide the spaces to the citizens; ② to prepare legislation and institution that will allow citizens to use the farming spaces continuously; ③ to develop Korean-style urban agriculture model that fully reflects the features of Korean cities; ④ to develop a system where the urban citizens can easily learn and experience the urban agriculture; and, ⑤ to provide incentives that will attract active participation of urban citizens such as carbon mileage. ⑥ to analyze effect of urban agriculture to save energy and food self-sufficiency.