빅토리아 시대 과학소설에 나타난 진화론에 대한 연구 -생명 탐구와 진화론적 반응 양상을 중심으로

추재욱 ( Choo Jae Uk ) 한국영어영문학회 2013 영어 영문학 Vol.59 No.5

There are not a few researches on Darwin`s social and cultural impact upon the Victorian novels such as Charles Dickens`s, George Eliot`s, and Thomas Hardy`s as the writers reflected Darwinian elements into the relationship between the fictional characters and into the social and economic development of the human community portrayed in the novels. However, there are few academic papers interrogating the specific scientific elements of Darwin theory which were projected in the Victorian science fiction. In this paper, therefore, Darwinian concepts of natural selection and Lyell`s geological influence upon Darwin`s theory would be explored which can be found in the novels like Frankenstein, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and H. G. Wells` novellas. In the process of exploring the facts, moreover, we may recognize how the narrative in the stories made the matrix of stories associated with Darwin`s theory and how much strong the social and cultural responses of the Victorians to the theory were. Even though some people agreed to the idea that evolution involves progress, others believed that evolution would bring them to degeneration. Nevertheless, no one denies that everything is evolutionarily linked to each other because the theory has become strongly influential already. 50 at this moment we need to imagine how humans`` life can be free and independent from Darwinian mechanism.

The Taming of "Color and Life": The Figuration of the City and Outlying Regions in Conan Doyle`s Detective Fiction

Hi Sup Shin 근대 영미소설 학회 2005 근대 영미소설 Vol.12 No.2

This paper aims to examine the ideological conditions of Arthur Conan Doyle`s Sherlock Holmes fiction. My overall view is that Conan Doyle`s detective fiction is an extension of his literary goal to restore `the golden myth of England`, an imaginary ground for social unity and totality that stands opposed to the conflicting, non-unifying realities of late Victorian society. The important task of this essay is then to show how this ideological purpose directly informs the making of the detective narrative. However, this ideological formation of the genre proceeds not without some difficulties; it is often the case that troubling signs of social reality-say, the `unknowableness` of the urban masses including those who can be seen as the national Other (immigrants, ethnic minority, etc.)-seep into the writer`s escapist social vision, causing what can be seen as structural or generic instability in the narrative. This phenomenon of textual disturbance can be first sensed most suggestively in the waning of representational certainty in dealing with the urban everyday in his earlier stories. In their later counterparts, this representational crisis leads to the narrative`s gradual shift of its dominant setting from the city of London to outlying suburban regions and the countryside. My view is that this locational shift lends itself to effective narrative strategies in coping with such conflicting social elements. Attention is also given to the way this narrative management implicitly addresses issues concerning British identity such as race and public health.

The Enlightenment and Its Legacy in Victorian Fiction

( Donguk Kim ) 한국영어영문학회 2016 영어 영문학 Vol.62 No.4

The Enlightenment movement of the Eighteenth century was second to none in bringing the powers of reason into use in the name of science, progress and civilization; yet hardly could the Victorians find in the Enlightenment a perfect programme for the troubling world. In fact, all sorts of rational judgment that aspire to provide absolute truth tend to remain something to be ever further articulated, understood and complemented. This being so, to know that one`s own knowledge is nothing short of false projections is a first step to, if any, genuine enlightenment. Through a case study of selected Victorian novels, which were vehicles for registering such Enlightenment ideals as education and equality, this paper aims to explore implications that the Enlightenment assumed for poor people, women and non-Europeans. It argues that, with a willingness to understand the idea of the critical use of reason, Enlightenment thinking should have taken a self-reflexive action to introduce fractures into imperialist masculine ideologies that were evidently bolstered by a sense of sexual, racial, class superiority. This paper presents an effort to suggest a way of overcoming the innate limitations of the Enlightenment which was white male-only logocentric affairs.

The Political Economy of Dead Children: Fiction and Female Productivity in Harriet Martineau’s Garveloch Tales

( Seohyon Jung ) 한국근대영미소설학회 2020 근대 영미소설 Vol.27 No.3

This essay examines Harriet Martineau’s Garveloch Tales in Illustrations of Political Economy as an experimental form of Victorian writing that reflects the contested formulation of domestic norms amidst rapid capitalist development. I focus on the curious juxtaposition of sentimental tales and economic principles in Illustrations to contend that the tensions generated through such formal and thematic contradictions illuminate Martineau’s perennial investment in redefining female productivity. The Garveloch Tales strategically conjoin the emerging idea of capitalist productivity and the cultural norms of motherhood, while their historical incompatibility manifests through her fictional creations. The seemingly detached political economy of dead children in Martineau’s fiction thus complicates Malthusian economic principles rather than simply endorsing them. By scrutinizing the gendered socio-intellectual context that prompts her creative uses of genre, this study also aims to further our understanding of the genealogy of Victorian fiction and its fundamental affinity with the development of the capitalist economy.

제국, 영국소설, 안식처의 상실: 윌키 콜린즈의 『월장석』

권영희 ( Young Hee Kwon ) 영미문학연구회 2007 영미문학연구 Vol.12 No.-

While the interpenetration of home and empire has been a wellacknowledged point in reading Wilkie Collins`s The Moonstone, few critics have paid adequate attention to the peculiarly unsettling effect of the novel`s Indian ending. Although its detective plot results in Blake and Rachel`s marriage, a quintessential closure of Victorian domestic fiction, the novel is destined to return to India in order to trace the final whereabouts of the moonstone. This compulsive return to the colonial space indeed implies the ways in which the discursive domain of domestic fiction is significantly undermined by the anti-adventure mode of the Victorian imperial romance. This essay delves into such generic intersections in light of the uncanny [unheimlich]. Recasting the Freudian notion in the novel`s symbolic function of constituting subjecthood and building a symbolic home, I redefine the uncanny as a counter-discursive undercurrent of a narrative that disrupts the text`s official ideological affiliations. From this perspective, I examine several key moments from the novel that evoke the uncanny in disparate yet intertwined ways. As the culmination of the uncanny at the very end of The Moonstone overwhelms the preceding domestic ending, it has far-reaching literary historical implications for the British novel of the late nineteenth century. Ironically enough, neither domestic fiction nor its sub-canonic others (the imperial romance and the other forms of colonial literature) could no longer secure the Bourgeois-imperialist subjectivity or preserve any sense of ``home`` without bad faith, in the age when the entire earth had been a home to an Englishman.

Acting Towards a True Identity: The Many (Muted) Roles of Villette`s Lucy Snowe

( Ryan Crider ) 한국영미문학페미니즘학회 2011 영미문학페미니즘 Vol.19 No.1

This paper examines the use of theatrical elements in Charlotte Bronte`s Villette. I argue that only through a series of decidedly theatrical narrative performances within the novel is Lucy Snowe, as both spectator and participant, able to emerge psychologically from the repression that initially dominates her character. In addition, contextualizing my own analysis within and extending upon a generation of existing research into the theatricality of Villette, I demonstrate the extent to which these performances and the role of independence Lucy eventually assumes reveal a subversive, feminist impulse behind the novel`s construction. The novel`s theatricality becomes coded to a predominantly feminist sentiment as Lucy learns to wield her performative powers. However, one must avoid a simple dichotomy between repression and performance. As John Kucich writes of Lucy`s narration, in a Victorian sense expression and repression cooperate and enhance each other by being identically opposed to direct self-revelation. Kucich`s psychological approach to Lucy`s character and narrative performativity is fundamental to my argument. The works of other critics who have written specifically about theatricality in Bronte`s novels, including Joseph Litvak and Lisa Surridge, also help provide an important framework for my essay, particularly in the attention to prevailing Victorian attitudes toward the theatre.

The Subversion of the Sentimental Ideologies: Fanny Fern’s Ruth Hall, A “Modern” Novel

신혜원 미국소설학회 2006 미국소설 Vol.13 No.1

The Subversion of the Sentimental Ideologies: Fanny Fern’s Ruth Hall, A “Modern” NovelHyewon ShinFanny Fern’s Ruth Hall (1855) is an interesting variation of the nineteenth-century sentimental novel in its fluid form, style, and theme. Most importantly, the domestic ideologies of marriage, family, religion, and woman’s virtue cherished by the mid nineteenth-century American society are completely exploded in the novel. The novel does not follow the Victorian sentimental plot of a complete sexual union and an ethic of holy family. Neither Ruth’s broken family nor her lost home are completely restored at the end, despite the reunion of Ruth and her daughters and her success as a writer. The novel ends with Ruth’s final departure from the city, the backdrop of her successful career, and this suggests the protagonist’s permanent homelessness in a transforming society, which is the universal condition of modernity. In this sense, Ruth Hall anticipates the advent of the modern novel as early as in the 1850s.

Going Wilde: Prendick, Montgomery and Late-Victorian Homosexuality in The Island of Doctor Moreau

( Ivan Canadas ) 한국영어영문학회 2010 영어 영문학 Vol.56 No.3

Feminine Aspirations with the Real World of Men in George Eliot's Middlemarch

Shim, Jae-Hwang The English Teachers Association in Korea 2007 영어어문교육 Vol.13 No.4

The story treats each individual's vision as well as social reality that the author intends to describe. The purpose of this article is to search for the conflict between vision and reality, especially in feminist problem that critics have treated on the works of women writers. Though some articles have studied on the issue similar to this article, I try to analyze the narratives in the text that the author herself confesses to us. I think that we can find out clear messages from the individuals who construct the human relationship and build up their personal history through their dialogue or monologue. We can also catch their main problems in the community. I discuss the topic by mentioning the detailed discourses referred to the heroine and other characters in the text. The passages mentioned by the characters in the story may be a confession for the present and future generation that the author tries to confess. From the excerpts of some discourse, I can conclude that though Dorothea has a vision for her ideal, she is a failed feminist, for society is too strong for her as Miller (1990) argues.

Feminine Aspirations with the Real World of Men in George Eliot"s Middlemarch

Jaehwang Shim 한국영어어문교육학회 2007 영어어문교육 Vol.13 No.4

  The story treats each individual"s vision as well as social reality that the author intends to describe. The purpose of this article is to search for the conflict between vision and reality, especially in feminist problem that critics have treated on the works of women writers. Though some articles have studied on the issue similar to this article, I try to analyze the narratives in the text that the author herself confesses to us. I think that we can find out clear messages from the individuals who construct the human relationship and build up their personal history through their dialogue or monologue. We can also catch their main problems in the community. I discuss the topic by mentioning the detailed discourses referred to the heroine and other characters in the text. The passages mentioned by the characters in the story may be a confession for the present and future generation that the author tries to confess. From the excerpts of some discourse, I can conclude that though Dorothea has a vision for her ideal, she is a failed feminist, for society is too strong for her as Miller (1990) argues.