NB-IoT를 기반으로 하는 차량 관제 시스템

김삼택(Sam-Taek Kim) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2022 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.27 No.6

본 논문에서는 IoT와 저 전력 장거리 통신(NB-IoT)기술을 적용한 차량관제용 단말기를 개발했다. 본 시스템은 주차중인 차량의 위치, 상태에 대한 정보를 수집하고, 저 전력 실시간으로 차량 소유자의 단말로 차량 상태를 전송하여 차량의 도난을 방지하고, 주행 중인 차량의 경우, 주행 속도, 급제동, 미끄러짐, 충격 등 차량의 1차 정보를 수집하여 서버로 전송하면 서버에서 관련 데이터를 분석하여 교통 정체, 도로 파손 안전사고 발생 등에 대한 2차 정보를 생성할 수 있으며, 주기적 알람 형태로 목적지의 예상 도착 시간을 전송하여 목적지에 차량의 정확한 도착 시간을 알 수 있다. 본 단말 장치는 차량용 IoT 게이트웨이로 차량 내부의 다양한 유무선 센서와 연결될 수 있다. 또한 자동차의 유지관리, 효율적인 운행과 차량들에게서 수집된 데이터를 민간 또는 공공부분에서 유용하게 활용할 수 있다. In this paper, we developed a vehicle control terminal using IoT and low-power long-distance communication (NB-IoT) technology. This system collects information on the location and status of a parked vehicle, and transmits the vehicle status to the vehicle owner’s terminal in real time with low power to prevent vehicle theft, and in the case of a vehicle in motion, When primary information about the vehicle, such as an impact, is collected and transmitted to the server, the server analyzes the relevant data to generate secondary information on traffic congestion, road damage, and safety accidents. By sending it, you can know the exact arrival time of the vehicle at its destination. This terminal device is an IoT gateway for a vehicle and can be connected to various wired and wireless sensors inside the vehicle. In addition, the data collected from vehicle maintenance, efficient operation, and vehicles can be usefully used in the private or public sector.

Wind loads on a moving vehicle-bridge deck system by wind-tunnel model test

Li, Yongle,Hu, Peng,Xu, You-Lin,Zhang, Mingjin,Liao, Haili Techno-Press 2014 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.19 No.2

Wind-vehicle-bridge (WVB) interaction can be regarded as a coupled vibration system. Aerodynamic forces and moment on vehicles and bridge decks play an important role in the vibration analysis of the coupled WVB system. High-speed vehicle motion has certain effects on the aerodynamic characteristics of a vehicle-bridge system under crosswinds, but it is not taken into account in most previous studies. In this study, a new testing system with a moving vehicle model was developed to directly measure the aerodynamic forces and moment on the vehicle and bridge deck when the vehicle model moved on the bridge deck under crosswinds in a large wind tunnel. The testing system, with a total length of 18.0 m, consisted of three main parts: vehicle-bridge model system, motion system and signal measuring system. The wind speed, vehicle speed, test objects and relative position of the vehicle to the bridge deck could be easily altered for different test cases. The aerodynamic forces and moment on the moving vehicle and bridge deck were measured utilizing the new testing system. The effects of the vehicle speed, wind yaw angle, rail track position and vehicle type on the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle and bridge deck were investigated. In addition, a data processing method was proposed according to the characteristics of the dynamic testing signals to determine the variations of aerodynamic forces and moment on the moving vehicle and bridge deck. Three-car and single-car models were employed as the moving rail vehicle model and road vehicle model, respectively. The results indicate that the drag and lift coefficients of the vehicle tend to increase with the increase of the vehicle speed and the decrease of the resultant wind yaw angle and that the vehicle speed has more significant effect on the aerodynamic coefficients of the single-car model than on those of the three-car model. This study also reveals that the aerodynamic coefficients of the vehicle and bridge deck are strongly influenced by the rail track positions, while the aerodynamic coefficients of the bridge deck are insensitive to the vehicle speed or resultant wind yaw angle.

Neural network based multiple-model filter using a GPS with in-vehicle sensors for autonomous vehicle positioning

Myeonggi Gwak,Kichun Jo,Myoungho Sunwoo 한국자동차공학회 2011 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2011 No.11

The vehicle positioning system is an essential component for developing an autonomous vehicle. Highly accurate and reliable position has to be updated frequently for driving a vehicle autonomously. However, for positioning the vehicle based on a global positioning system (GPS) alone is not accurate due to the GPS blockage and a multipath error. In order to overcome this problem, the sensor fusion of the position data from GPS with in-vehicle sensors has been used widely. In general, a single model filter is frequently used for proper positioning of the vehicle, but it is not suitable for various driving conditions. For this reason, a multiple-model filter has been studied to apply in a wide-range of driving conditions. The multiple-model filter can apply in various conditions because it combines several models using the model probability. In this study, we proposed a neural network based multiple-model filter using the GPS with in-vehicle sensors. The model probability can be obtained by using the off-line learning of the neural network. The proposed multiple-model filter was verified by simulation using a commercial vehicle model. The simulation results show that the proposed multiple-model filter is capable of adapting to various driving conditions.

Wind loads on a moving vehicle–bridge deck system by wind-tunnel model test

Yongle Li,Peng Hu,You-Lin Xu,Mingjin Zhang,Haili Liao 한국풍공학회 2014 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.19 No.2

Wind-vehicle-bridge (WVB) interaction can be regarded as a coupled vibration system. Aerodynamic forces and moment on vehicles and bridge decks play an important role in the vibration analysis of the coupled WVB system. High-speed vehicle motion has certain effects on the aerodynamic characteristics of a vehicle-bridge system under crosswinds, but it is not taken into account in most previous studies. In this study, a new testing system with a moving vehicle model was developed to directly measure the aerodynamic forces and moment on the vehicle and bridge deck when the vehicle model moved on the bridge deck under crosswinds in a large wind tunnel. The testing system, with a total length of 18.0 m, consisted of three main parts: vehicle-bridge model system, motion system and signal measuring system. The wind speed, vehicle speed, test objects and relative position of the vehicle to the bridge deck could be easily altered for different test cases. The aerodynamic forces and moment on the moving vehicle and bridge deck were measured utilizing the new testing system. The effects of the vehicle speed, wind yaw angle, rail track position and vehicle type on the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle and bridge deck were investigated. In addition, a data processing method was proposed according to the characteristics of the dynamic testing signals to determine the variations of aerodynamic forces and moment on the moving vehicle and bridge deck. Three-car and single-car models were employed as the moving rail vehicle model and road vehicle model, respectively. The results indicate that the drag and lift coefficients of the vehicle tend to increase with the increase of the vehicle speed and the decrease of the resultant wind yaw angle and that the vehicle speed has more significant effect on the aerodynamic coefficients of the single-car model than on those of the three-car model. This study also reveals that the aerodynamic coefficients of the vehicle and bridge deck are strongly influenced by the rail track positions, while the aerodynamic coefficients of the bridge deck are insensitive to the vehicle speed or resultant wind yaw angle.

주행차량의 공기역학적 주행안전성 평가를 위한 알고리즘 개발연구

김창선(Chang-Sun Kim),이승현(Seung-Hyun Lee),김철호(Chul-Ho Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2014 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.5

The objectives of vehicle aerodynamic design is on the fuel economy, reduction of the harmful emissions and minimizing vibration and noise and the driving stability of the vehicle. Especially in case of a sedan, aerodynamic driving stability of a vehicle is the main focus, and for this, the proper evaluation of aerodynamic driving stability of a vehicle is required. In this study, we yield the size of moving moment on the body of the vehicle generated by side wind when sedan type vehicle drives on the road and complete a numerical algorithm to evaluate aerodynamic driving stability of a vehicle judging whether such moving moment has a serious impact on vehicle driving stability. The model vehicle for the study is sedan type vehicle shape recommended by SAE. In the study, we yield the pressure drag and the position of C.P. on the body of the vehicle generated when the vehicle drives with side wind using CFD technique. Based on this, we also calculated pitching, rolling and yawing moment of the body of the vehicle generated on the center of gravity, and the result from comparing turning moment values and the size of rotational resistance moment of the body of the vehicle can be used as the basis to judge driving stability such as off-course and rollover of the vehicle. After driving stability of a vehicle when the vehicle drives 100km/h with 15m/s side wind is evaluated using the numerical algorithm drawn from the study, the value of yawing moment is 606N.m, rolling moment -773N.m and pitching moment 84N.m. These values are smaller than each value of rotational resistance moment the model vehicle has, and therefore, the model vehicle’s driving stability is guaranteed when driving 100km/h with 15m/s side wind.

Personal Vehicle 디자인의 미래 트렌드 예측에 관한 연구

류창희 ( Chang Hee Ryu ) 한국기초조형학회 2014 기초조형학연구 Vol.15 No.5

Personal Vehicle은 개인주의적 트렌드와 1 ~ 2인 세대의 확산, 핵가족이 사회의 주류를 이루고 있는 사회에서 친환경적이며, 에너지 및 원자재를 줄일 수 있는 대안이 될 수 있으며, 본 연구에서는 이를 위해 Personal Vehicle 디자인의 변화를 살펴보았다. 사회적인 변화로는 인구증가, 고령화, 거대도시화, 여성의 사회진출 확대, 맞벌이 부부 등이 일반화되어가고 있는 가운데 personal vehicle 디자인의 새로운 변화를 요구하고 있으며, 환경변화는 자원고갈, 지구온난화, 자연재해의 증가 속에서 지속가능한 발전의 필요성이 요구 되고 있다. 유럽 및 미국 등에서 이산화탄소 배출기준을 제한하는 규정을 강화하고 있고, 2008년 글로벌 금융위기로 세계경제가 어려움에 직면해 있는 가운데, 자동차기업에게는 새로운 비지니스 창출, 기술혁신, 조직개선 등이 요구되고 있다. Personal Vehicle은 유가 상승, 환경의식 강화, 주차 문제 등에 보다 유리한 조건을 갖추고 있지만 널리 보급하기 위해선 선결해야할 문제가 많은데 운행을 위한 제 규정의 정비 및 교통안전시설 개선 등이 해결되어야 하며 소비자의 고급문화를 디자인에 반영하고 감성적인 욕구에 대응해야한다. 본 연구에서는 초기의 Personal Vehicle에서 현재까지의 사례를 살펴보고, 디자인의 변화와 트렌드를 문헌 및 선행연구와 산업자료를 통해 조사하였으며, 시대별 Personal Vehicle에 나타난 디자인의 특징을 분석하였다. 또한 최근 여러 자동차메이커에서 만들어낸 신차 및 컨셉 카에 나타난 디자인 흐름을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 디자인의 변화방향을 제시하고자 하였다. This paper is to review the development of personal vehicle`s design in the auto industry as an alternative to reduce the use of energy and raw materials in an eco-friendly manner in a modern society of individualistic trends and nuclear family by one or two family members. The change of personal vehicle`s design is generally required with social change of overpopulation, aging, megalopolitanization, women`s social advancement, and increasing working couples, and sustainable development is needed with environmental change of resource exhaustion, global warming, and increasing natural disasters. With the regulation of carbon dioxide emission in Europe and the U.S.A, and with the global financial crisis in 2008, there have been needs for new business creation, technological innovation and reorganization in the auto industry. Even though the personal vehicle has an advantageous condition in problems including rising oil prices, environmental awareness and limited parking spaces, there are still challenges to rearrange the operation regulation and improve the traffic safety facilities for the personal vehicle, and steps to reflect consumers` high-level culture and to deal with their emotional reactions in its design. In this research, I have reviewed a case study on personal vehicles from its early stage to the present, checked its development and trends in the personal vehicle`s design through references, previous researches and industrial materials, and analyzed the characteristics of its designs by stages. In addition, I have found the process of personal vehicle`s design from the new and concept vehicles created by automakers. In conclusion, I have tried to suggest the tendency and direction of its design in this research.

카메라 기반의 인공표식 추적을 이용한 선행 차량 추종

박근남(Geun-Nam Park),기석철(Seok-Cheol Kee) 한국자동차공학회 2020 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.28 No.2

In this paper, we proposed a real-time, vehicle-following system based on artificial landmark tracking and longitudinal/lateral vehicle control through landmark movement. The proposed autonomous vehicle system is designed to follow a human-driven lead vehicle accurately by tracking and following an artificial landmark. It is possible to measure the relative distance and the lateral motion of the lead vehicle based on the size and the trajectory of the pre-defined artificial landmark. An artificial landmark tracking algorithm was designed by using the Cam-Shift and Kalman-Filter methods to mimic real-time processing and actual vehicle driving situations. The kinematic bicycle model was used to control the following vehicle. Based on this model, longitudinal and lateral tracking control algorithms were proposed. To evaluate the performance of the proposed vehicle system, a commercial micro electric car was modified with an autonomous driving system. A driving test was carried out on the Ochang proving ground at Chungbuk National University. The artificial landmark detection performance was calculated at 97.76 % under outdoor driving conditions. The distance from the lead vehicle was calculated by using the GPS sensor. We propose a distance calculation system by integrating the GPS sensor distance with the artificial landmark distance. Stability was added by comparing the two data sets. By using this system, we propose an approach to correct other manual-driven vehicles cutting in front of the following vehicle. Vehicle tracking was successful by utilizing the tracking method, even with detection failures. Our system showed that another vehicle could be driven while maintaining a safe distance from the lead vehicle.

Design and Evaluation of Telematics User Interface for Ubiquitous Vehicle

Won-Kee Hong(홍원기),Tae-Hwan Kim(김태환),Jaepil Ko(고재필) 한국산업정보학회 2014 한국산업정보학회논문지 Vol.19 No.3

In the ubiquitous computing environment, a ubiquitous vehicle will be a communication node in the vehicular network as well as the means of ground transportation. It will make humans and vehicles seamlessly and remotely connected. Especially, one of the prominent services in the ubiquitous vehicle is the vehicle remote operation. However, mutual-collaboration with the in-vehicle communication network, the vehicle-to-vehicle communication network and the vehicle-to-roadside communication network is required to provide vehicle remote operation services. In this paper, an Internet-based human-vehicle interfaces and a network architecture is presented to provide remote vehicle control and diagnosis services. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated through a design and implementation in terms of the round trip time taken to get a vehicle remote operation service.

GPS 차량주행궤적자료와 MOVES 데이터베이스를 활용한 미시배출계수 추정 연구

허혜정,신현주,김재헌,이건우 한국도로학회 2022 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.24 No.4

PURPOSES : A methodology for estimating micro-emission factors using vehicle trajectory data collected from navigation and DTG devices and basic emission factors for each vehicle type of the MOtor Vehicle Emission Simulator (MOVES) is presented. The methodology can calculate micro-emissions based on only the traffic volume and average speed for each vehicle type. METHODS : Cluster analysis was performed by accumulating the trajectories of individual vehicles on a specific road section into speed groups in which vehicles drove with the same range of average speed. Then, the micro-emission factors were estimated for each speed group. RESULTS : Using the vehicle trajectory data revealed that the emissions calculated from micro-emission factors estimated by the proposed methodology were similar to the sum of the emissions calculated from the vehicle trajectories for each vehicle. CONCLUSIONS : The micro-emission factor database for each road type and vehicle type proposed in this study should be useful for estimating vehicle emissions on the road. The proposed method can calculate emissions in the same way as the macroscopic analysis method, using the traffic volume, average speed, and link length

A Pilot Study on the Muscle Activities in Step Input Test as an Indicator of the Vehicle Characteristics

Yong-Ku Kong,Myung-Chul Jung,In-Seok Lee,Young-Jin Hyun,Chang-Su Kim,Min-Tae Seo 대한인간공학회 2013 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze "response time", "peak response time" and "overshoot value" for each muscle by applying the EMG signal to the vehicle response in ISO 7401 and to quantify the response of the driver according to vehicle characteristics by comparing vehicle characteristics and muscle responses of the driver. Background: The Open-loop test defined in international standards ISO 7401 is the only method for evaluating the performance of the vehicle. However, this test was focused only on mechanical responses, not driver"s ones. Method: One skilled male driver(22 yrs. experience) was participated in this experiment to measure muscle activities of the driver in transient state. Then the seven muscle signals were applied to calculate "response time", "peak response time", and "overshoot value". Results: In the analyses of the EMG data, the effects of vehicle type and muscle were statistically significant on the "response time" and "peak response time". Also, the effects of vehicle type, muscle, and lateral acceleration level were statistically significant on the "overshoot value" in this study. According to the analyses of the vehicle motion data, vehicle motion variable(LatAcc, Roll, YawVel) was statistically significant on the "response time" and vehicle type, vehicle motion variable, and lateral acceleration level were statistically significant on the "peak response time", respectively. Conclusion: In the analyses of the "response time" and "overshoot value", the data of muscle activities(EMGs) was better index that could evaluate the vehicle characteristic and performance than the data of vehicle motion. In case of peak response time, both EMG and vehicle motion data were good index. Application: The EMGs data from a driver might be applicable as index for evaluation of various vehicle performances based on this study.