한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

기업집단의 최고경영자 퇴출이 계열사 전략변화에 미치는 영향

김수정(Su Jung Kim),김창수(Chang Su Kim) 한국전략경영학회 2015 전략경영연구 Vol.18 No.2

계열사 최고경영자 교체현상은 기업집단의 내부노동시장을 통한 인적자원 활용뿐만 아니라 외부노동시장을 통한 인력충원을 수반하게 된다. 본 연구는 기업집단을 연구대상으로 한정 하여 기업집단 내 계열사 최고경영자가 기업집단 외부로 퇴출되는 현상이 계열사 수준의 전략변화도에 미치는 효과를 살펴보고, 이러한 전략변화도 효과가 승계유형 및 재벌집단 여부에 의해 어떻게 조절 되는지를 분석하였다. 이는 기업집단의 최고경영자 활용과 퇴출현상을 살펴봄에 있어 기업집단의 내부노동시장 활용이 갖는 긍정적인 측면과 부정적인 측면을 동시에 살펴보기 위한 것이다. 이와 같은 연구배경 하에 71개 기업집단에 속한 119개 계열사를 대상으로 2001년부터 2010년 간 발생한 270개 최고경영자 교체사례를 추적?분석하였다. 실증분석 결과, 계열사 최고경영자가 기업집단 외부퇴출 형태로 교체될 경우 해당 계열사의 전략변화도는 커지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 최고경영자 외부퇴출과 계열사 전략변화도 간의 정(+)의 관계는 외부승계의 경우 강화되며 재벌집단의 경우 약화되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과는 기업이 외부시장을 통해 최고경영자를 충원함으로써 전략변화를 모색하고 조직의 경직화를 예방할 수 있음을 보여준다. 하지만, 비재벌집단과 비교하여 재벌집단에 구조적 관성이 더 크게 존재하며 이러한 구조적 관성이 전략적 변화를 저해할 수 있음을 시사한다. This study examines the effect of CEO weeding-out in Korean business groups on strategic change of their affiliates and further investigates the moderating role of outside succession and chaebol dummy on the relationship. Using the sample of KOSPI 200 firms belonging to business groups between 2001 and 2010, we found the positive relationship between the CEO weeding-out and strategic change. We also found a positive interaction effect of CEO weeding-out and outside succession on strategic change. This result supports the idea that the strategic change effect is amplified when CEO weeding-out is combined with outside succession. In contrast, it turned out that the effect of CEO weeding-out on strategic change is lower in chaebol-affiliates than in non-chaebol affiliates. Perhaps, chaebol-affiliates are likely to show lower strategic changes in spite of CEO weeding-out, due to structural inertia existing in chaebol groups.

Establishment of in vitro cell culture and caffeine production from coffee (Coffea arabica L.)

Hyo-Jeong Kim,Chan Mi Yun,Sangmin Lee,Hyeon Su Gu,Young-Hun Kim,Ji-Hyun Kim,Keun Ki Kim,Seon Beom Kim,Kwang Min Lee,Chang-Oh Hong,Hong-Joo Son,Hyean Cheal Park,Yu-Jin Kim 한국응용생명화학회 2025 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.68 No.-

Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is in high demand internationally; however, its cultivation faces challenges due to climate change. Therefore, alternative coffee cultivation methods such as tissue culture system have recently been proposed. Tissue culture systems are not affected by climate change and can be produced in a more environmentally friendly manner. To obtain large quantities of coffee calli, we determined the optimal hormonal conditions for callus induction from coffee leaves. Coffee leaves were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing three types of auxin hormones with various concentrations. We found that 0.5 g L−1 of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) induces coffee calli at the highest ratio. To identify the presence of chemical compounds in calli obtained through tissue culturing, we analyzed metabolites produced in coffee calli by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We confirmed that the coffee calli contain beneficial substances, including caffeine. A hormone combination of 1 mg L⁻¹ of kinetin and 2,4-D 1 g L⁻¹ was most effective on continuous callus growth and caffeine production. Thus, this study proposes a method for tissue culture of coffee calli as a sustainable alternative coffee in response to climate change.

정상면역을 가진 성인에서 발생한 식도 방선균증

김현수 ( Hyun Soo Kim ),천종운 ( Jong Woon Cheon ),김민수 ( Min Su Kim ),정창길 ( Chang Kil Jung ),김경록 ( Kyung Rok Kim ),최재원 ( Jae Won Choi ),강동우 ( Dong Woo Kang ),김선영 ( Sun Young Kim ) 대한소화기학회 2013 대한소화기학회지 Vol.61 No.2

Hyun Soo Kim, Jong Woon Cheon, Min Su Kim, Chang Kil Jung, Kyung Rok Kim, Jae Won Choi, Dong Woo Kang and Sun Young Kim1 Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology1, DongKang Medical Center, Ulsan, Korea Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative disease and caused by Actinomycosis species, principally Actinomyces israelii, which are part of the normal inhabitant on the mucous membrane of the oropharynx, gastrointestinal tract, and urogenital tract. It usually affects cervicofacial, thoracic and abdominal tissue. Cervicofacial type has the highest percentage of occurrence with 50%. Actinomycosis frequently occurs following dental extraction, jaw surgery, chronic infection or poor oral hygiene. It may also be considered as an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients such as malignancy, human immunodeficiency virus infection, diabetes mellitus, steroid usage or alcoholism. But, actinomycosis rarely occurs in adults with normal immunity and rare in the esophagus. We report an unusual case of esophageal actinomycosis which was developed in a patient with normal immunity and improved by therapy with intravenous penicillin G followed oral amoxicillin, and we also reviewed the associated literature.

국가산림자원조사 고정표본점의 토지이용 자료와 이동평균법을 활용한 토지이용변화 매트릭스 구축

유재섭(Yoo, Jae Seop),신창섭(Shin, Chang Seop),김래현(Kim, Rae Hyun),임종수(Yim, Jong Su) 한국기후변화학회 2025 한국기후변화학회지 Vol.16 No.3-1

Emission factor and activity data are necessary to calculate the removal and emission of greenhouse gases following the scheme of land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF). The land-use change matrix comprises basic data for calculating greenhouse gas statistics in the LULUCF sector. In this study, the applicability of the point-sampling method suggested in the IPCC guidelines was analyzed using fixed points of the National Forest Inventory (NFI). A moving average method was applied to cluster plots to develop a land-use change matrix, using data from the 5th (2006 ~ 2010) and 7th (2016 ~ 2020) NFIs to analyze land-use change. When analyzing the matrix based on the number of cluster plots used in Finland, which assigns high weight to the latest year, we found significant decrease in the number of cluster plots and areas corresponding to forest and cropland. The moving average method showed low uncertainty in forest land, cropland, and settlements and high uncertainty in grassland, wetlands, and land use change area. The relative standard error for land-use change among land-use categories ranged widely from 3.7-100%. Comparing forest land from 2010 to 2020 with various statistics through the calculated areas, the area of forest was about 1.0% lower. Applying the area calculation method of this study to recent data could enable detailed, annual predictions of future land-use change. As in the United States and Japan, it could also help with the preparation of the NIR and other statistical reports.

간경병증 환자에서 복수천자가 폐기능에 미치는 영향

김성국,정준모,최용환,김영탁,권영오,이창형,최성곤,금민수 대한간학회 1997 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.3 No.1

Background/Aims : Paracentesis is an acceptable therapeutic modality for the symptomatic relief of dyspnea or abdominal fullness due to tense ascites in patients with cirrhosis. Whereas studies about the effects of paracentesis focused on the changes about hemodynamics, electrolytes and renal function in great detail, the effects of paracentesis on the changes about respiratory system have undergone limited investigations which are defined large-volume paracentesis. Methods .' We performed pulmonary function tests with arterial blood gas analysis just before and 24 hr after paracentesis. The paracentesis of average 2,300ml was carried out in ten liver cirrhosis patients with tense ascites who were free from underlying cardiopulmonary impairment. Results '. 1. The results of pulmonary function test just before paracentesis were as followings; FVC( functional vital capacity), FEV1(forced expiratory volume in 1 sec), FEF25 75(forced expiratory effort 25% 75%) and TLC(total lung capacity) were decreased as 78%, 79%, 62.3% and 89% of normal control value respectively, whereas RV(residual volume) was not decreased. DLCO(lung diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide)was decreased as 61.6%. 2. The results of pulmona function test 24 hr after paracentesis were as followings,' The symptomatic relief of dyspnea was achieved in all participated ten patients. Among lung volume parameters, FVC and VC were increased significantly(p=0.003, p=0.004). Whereas TLC was increased without statistical significance(p=0.228), and RV and FRC(functional residual capacity) showed no change. FEV1 was increased significantly(p=0.039), but FEF25 75 and the ratio of FEF1/FVC showed no change. DLCO was not increased. PaOy(partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood) was impr'oved without statistical significance. Conclusions .' These results suggest that the patients of liver cirrhosis with ascites have restrictive ventilatory impairment with additional obstructive ventilatory impairment. After paracentesis, the restrictive ventilatop impairment is improved by the relief of diaphragmatic motion limitation caused by ascites. Also, paracentesis of(not large volume, like 5000ml, but) relatively small volume, of 2000 3000ml can achieve objective improvement of dyspnea due to tense ascites.

Comparison of changes in retentive force of three stud attachments for implant overdentures

Kim, Su-Min,Choi, Jae-Won,Jeon, Young-Chan,Jeong, Chang-Mo,Yun, Mi-Jung,Lee, So-Hyoun,Huh, Jung-Bo The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2015 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.7 No.4

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to compare the changes in retentive force of stud attachments for implant overdentures by in vitro 2-year-wear simulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three commercially available attachment systems were investigated: Kerator blue, O-ring red, and EZ lock. Two implant fixtures were embedded in parallel in each custom base mounting. Five pairs of each attachment system were tested. A universal testing machine was used to measure the retentive force during 2500 insertion and removal cycles. Surface changes on the components were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Pairwise comparison, was used to compare the retentive force between the groups, and to determine groups that were significantly different (${\alpha}$<.05). RESULTS. A comparison of the initial retentive force revealed the highest value for Kerator, followed by the O-ring and EZ lock attachments. However, no significant difference was detected between Kerator and O-ring (P>.05). After 2500 insertion and removal cycles, the highest retention loss was recorded for O-ring, and no significant difference between Kerator and EZ lock (P>.05). Also, Kerator showed the highest retentive force, followed by EZ lock and O-ring, after 2500 cycles (P<.05). Based on SEM analysis, the polymeric components in O-ring and Kerator were observed to exhibit surface wear and deformation. CONCLUSION. After 2500 insertion and removal cycles, all attachments exhibited significant loss in retention. Mechanism of retention loss can only be partially explained by surface changes.

안전상비의약품 판매 이후 중독환자 특성 변화

김창영,이의중,이성우,김수진,한갑수,Kim, Chang Yeong,Lee, Eui Jung,Lee, Sung Woo,Kim, Su Jin,Han, Kap Su 대한임상독성학회 2018 대한임상독성학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: On November 15, 2012, sales of OTC (Over-The-Counter) drugs began at convenience stores, which changed the accessibility of some drugs. As a result, the exposure and access patterns of these drugs could have changed. In this study, we reviewed the changes in the characteristics of drug poisoning patients because of the reposition of nonprescription drugs according to the revised Pharmaceutical Affairs Act. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate changes in characteristics of drug poisoning patients between 2008 and 2016. A registry was developed by an emergency medical center in a local tertiary teaching hospital, and patients who visited the center were enrolled in this registry. We compared two periods, from 2008 to 2012 (Pre OTC) and from 2013 to 2016 (Post OTC), for type of intoxicant, time from poisoning to visiting the emergency center, intention, psychiatric history, previous suicidal attempt, alcohol status, and emergency room outcomes. The primary outcome was the number of patients who took acetaminophen and NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Secondary outcomes were ICU admission rate, mortality rate, and number of patients who visited the ER when the pharmacy was closed after taking acetaminophen and NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). Results: Among 1,564 patients, 945 and 619 patients visited the emergency room during pre and post OTC periods. The number of patients with acetaminophen and NSAIDs poisoning decreased from 9.2% to 6.1% (p=0.016). The ICU admission rate and mortality rate in the emergency room did not show significant results in the relevant patient groups, and so was the number of patients visiting ER when the pharmacy was closed taking acetaminophen and NSAIDs. Conclusion: Despite the sales of nonprescription drugs at convenience stores, the number of acetaminophen and NSAIDs poisoning patients decreased.

APPLICATION OF TRAVELING SALESMAN PROBLEM(TSP) FOR DECISION OF OPTIMAL PRODUCTION SEQUENCE

Chang, Kun Soo,Yeo, Yeong Koo,Chang, Jin Yang,Kim, Kil Su,Jeong, Eun Young,Oh, Sea Cheon 한국화학공학회 1997 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.14 No.5

In the present study a reliable and structural decision system for production sequence of polymeric products is developed. Minimization of the amount of off-specs are the main objective in the decision of production sequence to maximize profit. Off-specs are generated when the production sequence of polymeric products is changed. The amount of off-specs depends on changes of product grades. In the present study we applied the traveling salesman problem (TSP) to achieve optimal decision of production sequence. To solve the optimal decision problem formulated by TSP, we employed three different approaches such as Branch and Bound (B&B) method. Dynamic Programming (DP) method and Hopfield Neural Network (HNN) method. Production sequences computed based on the actual plant off-spec data were compared with the sequences employed in the actual plant operation. From the comparison the decision method proposed in the present study showed increased profits and reduced off-specs.