Transit signal priority accommodating conflicting requests under Connected Vehicles technology

Hu, J.,Park, B.B.,Lee, Y.J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Transportation research. Part C, Emerging technolo Vol.69 No.-

In this research, a person-delay-based optimization method is proposed for an intelligent Transit Signal Priority (TSP) logic that resolves multiple conflicting TSP requests at an isolated intersection. This TSP with Connected Vehicles accommodating Conflicting Requests (TSPCV-CR) overcomes the challenge bore by the conventional ''first come first serve'' strategy and presents significant improvement on bus service performance. The feature of TSPCV-CR includes green time re-allocation, simultaneous multiple buses accommodation, and signal-transit coordination. These features help maximize the transit TSP service rate and minimize adverse effect on competing travel directions. The TSPCV-CR is also designed to be conditional. That is, TSP is granted only when the bus is behind schedule and the grant of TSP causes no extra total person delay. The optimization is formulated as a Binary Mixed Integer Linear Program (BMILP) which is solved by standard branch-and-bound routine. Minimizing per person delay is the objective of the optimization model. The logic developed in this research is evaluated using both analytical and microscopic traffic simulation approaches. Both analytical tests and simulation evaluations compared three scenarios: without TSP (NTSP), conventional TSP (CTSP), and TSP with Connected Vehicles that resolves Conflicting Requests (TSPCV-CR). The measures of effectiveness used include bus delay and total travel time of all travelers. The performance of TSPCV-CR is compared against conventional TSP (CTSP) under four congestion levels and three different conflicting scenarios. The results show that the TSPCV-CR greatly reduces bus delay at signalized intersection for all congestion levels and conflicting scenarios considered. Simulation based evaluation results show that the TSPCV-CR logic reduces average bus delay between 5% and 48% compared to the conventional TSP. The range of improvement corresponding to the four different v/c ratios tested, which are 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.0, respectively. No statistically significant negative effects are observed.

능동식 대중교통 우선신호를 위한 최적 검지기위치 결정방법

정영제(Youngje, Jeong),안계형(Gyehyong, Ahn),고광용(Kwangyong, Ko),최은진(Eunjin, Choi) 한국도시철도학회 2017 한국도시철도학회논문집 Vol.5 No.1

In this study, the transit waiting time at signalized intersection for the active transit signal priority was modeled depending on the detector location, and this model can determine the detector location for the minimum transit delay in median exclusive tram or bus lane. With the application of the various transit speed and detector location, this study analyzed the change of transit delay. In addition, this study analyzed the active transit signal priority using a microscopic simulation under the same conditions with the analysis of transit waiting time. The result of microscopic simulation using VISSIM also showed the similar trend with the results from the waiting time model. This research made sure that the transit delay can be changed according to the detector location only, even if the delay of passenger car had a slight change.

실시간신호제어시스템에서의 버스우선신호 알고리즘 정립 (중앙버스 전용차로를 대상으로)

한명주,이영인 대한교통학회 2006 대한교통학회지 Vol.24 No.7

Recently due to the increase of cars and city life, the traffic congestion has worsened. It is particularly worse in the center of the metropolis. Within the general public means, the public transport buses have the advantage of being more cheap, accessible and mobile. But as there is no separate lane for buses, the collision of cars and buses are creating damage to public service. In order to solve this situation, the bus priority signal system has been introduced to reduce the bus travel time and improve its services. The purpose of this study is to establish bus priority signal algorithm which builds bus efficiency under the real-time traffic signal control system and to analyze the effect of it. As the green time was calculated against real time (under the real-time traffic signal control system), compared to existing bus priority signal there was a reduction in cross street loss. The modified cycle was used to maintain signal progression. A case study was carried out using VISSIM simulation model. In result of this study, we found that there was a decrease in bus travel time despite some evidence of car delays and compared to existing bus priority signal the delay of dishonor could be reduced dramatically. The analysed result of person delay using MOE, is that there is evidence that when bus priority signal is in effect, the person delay is reduced. 버스는 대중교통의 대표적인 수단으로 지하철보다 운영이 저렴하고 접근성이 뛰어나다는 장점을 가지고 있음에도 불구하고 일반차량과 도로를 공유하여 사용하기 때문에 도로혼잡의 직접적인 영향을 받고 있다. 이러한 버스의 정시성, 신속성, 쾌적성 등 버스서비스의 개선을 위해 버스우선신호의 도입이 요구되고 있다. 버스우선신호의 필요성 증대와 관련하여 서울시에서 운영되고 있는 실시간신호제어시스템(COSMOS)은 버스우선신호에 대한 제어전략이 구축되어 있지 않은 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 교통상황에 대응하여 신호시간을 결정하는 실시간신호제어시스템에서 대중교통, 특히 버스의 효율성을 높이는 버스우선신호 알고리즘을 정립하여 그것의 효과를 평가하였다.본 연구에서 제안한 알고리즘은 실시간 교통대응제어를 기반으로 버스우선신호를 제공하기 때문에 기존 버스우선신호에 비해 부도로의 교통상황을 고려할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 도심의 신호운영에서 중요시되는 연동을 유지하면서 우선신호를 제공하기 위해 수정주기 개념을 도입하였다. 모의실험 결과 실시간신호제어시스템하의 버스우선신호를 실행한 경우 그렇지 않은 경우와 비교하여 총지체는 증가하나 이는 기존 버스우선신호보다는 비교적 총지체를 감소시킨 것으로 나타났다. 버스통행시간의 감소로 버스서비스의 개선이 예상된다. 또한 버스의 재차인원을 고려할 경우, 차량이 아닌 사람을 기준으로 지체를 계산하기 때문의 본 알고리즘의 효율성을 인정받을 수 있다.

대중교통 우선신호를 위한 검지기 위치선정 모형

정영제 ( Jeong Youn-gje ),안계형 ( Ahn Gye-hyeong ),정준하 ( Jeong Hun-ha ),주두환 ( Joo Doo-hwan ),조혜림 ( Cho Hye-rim ) 한국도로교통공단 2015 교통안전연구 Vol.34 No.-

본 연구에서는 대중교통의 능동형 우선신호의 적용에 따라 교차로 대기시간을 모델링하였으며, 트램과 같은 대중교통의 대기시간 산정식을 이용하여 검지시각에 따라 우선신호가 적용된 신호운영조건에서의 대중교통 지체시간을 산정하였다. 이를 대중교통의 자유속도 및 검지기 위치를 차등 적용하여 대중교통 지체의 변화 특성을 관찰하였으며, 대중교통의 자유속도변화에 따라 최저 지체를 보이는 검지기 위치를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 대기시간 산정식을 이용한 분석과 동일한 조건에 대해 미시적 시뮬레이션을 이용한 대중교통 우선신호를 구현하였으며, 이를 통해 일반승용차에 대한 지체변화를 발생시키지 않는 상황에서 검지기 위치변화만으로도 대중교통의 지체 변화가 발생할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 이는 대중교통 우선신호의 효과와 직결된 사항에 해당되며, 그간 경험적인 방법으로서 적용되어온 대중교통 우선신호를 위한 검지기 위치결정에 있어 우수한 기준 및 방법론 제시가 가능하다. In this study, the transit waiting time at signalized intersection for the active transit signal priority was modeled according to the detector location, and this model can determine the detector location for the minimum transit delay in median exclusive tram or bus lane. With the application of the various transit speed and detector location, this study analyzed the change of transit delay. In addition, this study analyzed the active transit signal priority using a microscopic simulation under the same conditions with the analysis of transit waiting time. The result of microscopic simulation using VISSIM also showed the similar trend with the results from the waiting time model. This research made sure that the transit delay can be changed according to the detector location only, even if the delay of passenger car had a slight change.

Simultaneous Optimization of Passive Transit Priority Signals and Lane Allocation

Weiguo Shi,Chunhui Yu,Wanjing Ma,Ling Wang,Lei Nie 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.24 No.2

This paper presents an integrated optimization model for the concurrent design of passive bus priority signal settings and lane allocation including lane markings for general traffic and exclusive bus lanes at isolated intersections. Traditional passive transit signal priority (TSP) strategies considered both lane markings for general traffic and exclusive bus lane settings as exogenous inputs. However, in our method, two modes of transportation (passenger cars and buses) have been considered in a centralized framework while exclusive bus lane settings, lane markings, and the optimal passive transit priority signal settings can be optimized concurrently. Minimization of the weighted delay of buses and cars is adopted as the aim of the integrated optimization model. Based on traditional National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) phase constructure, a precedence graph was employed, by which the mathematical optimization model is formulated. A set of restrictions have been set up to verify efficiency and safety for the resulting optimal lane markings and signal settings. A simulated annealing (SA) algorithm is designed to resolve the mix-integer-nonlinear-programming (MINLP) problem. In order to demonstrate the efficacy of the method proposed, numerical examples have been provided. The results from sensitivity analysis show that the proposed method can generate sub-optimal solutions for the intersection of different combinations of car demand, bus demand, and left turn ratios.

UTIS를 활용한 수요 기반의 능동형 버스우선신호 제어 알고리즘에 관한 연구

홍경식,정준하,안계형,이영인 대한교통학회 2011 大韓交通學會誌 Vol.29 No.6

In this paper, we implement an algorithm of transit signal priority control that not only maximizes service quality and efficiency of bus, but also minimizes the control delay of passenger cars using UTIS currently being deployed and operated in Seoul national capital area. For this purpose, we propose an algorithm that coordinates the strength of TSP by estimating bus demand. Typically, the higher the strength of TSP is on main street, the bigger the control delay is on the cross street. Motivated by this practical difficulty, we proposes an algorithm that coordinates TSP's strength by checking the degree of saturation of cross street. Also, we verify the possibility of field implementation via simulation analysis using CORSIM RTE based HILS (Hardware In the Loop Simulation). The result shows that travel time of bus improves about 10 percent without increasing control delay of passenger cars by TSP. We expect the result of this research to contribute to increasing the overall transit ridership in this country. 본 연구에서는 수도권을 중심으로 구축 운영 중인 UTIS를 활용하여 버스의 서비스 개선 및 운행 효율성을 증진함과 동시에 일반 차량의 지체를 최소화하기 위한 버스 수요 기반의 TSP 제어 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 이를 위해 버스의 수요를 기반으로 버스 우선신호의 우선권 강도를 조정하는 알고리즘을 제안하였으며, 주도로의 버스 우선권 제공으로 인한 부도로의 지체 증가를 막기 위해 부도로의 포화도에 따른 우선권 강도를 조정하는 보상 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 또한 연구 결과를 CORSIM RTE를 활용할 HILS 기반의 평가시스템을 통해 효과 분석하여 현장의 적용 가능성을 검증하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 버스의 통행시간은 10% 정도 개선 효과가 있었으나, 이 경우 전체차량의 제어지체에는 큰 영향을 받지 않음을 확인하였다. 이러한 연구 결과는 국내의 대중교통 활성화 정책에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

차상중심 열차제어시스템 실용화를 위한 트램 우선신호 전략 연구

백종현(Jong-Hyen Baek),성유석(Yu-Suk Sung),김건엽(Gonyop Kim),최현영(Hyeon Yeong Choi) 대한전기학회 2015 전기학회논문지 Vol.64 No.10

For efficient and economical train operation in low-density railway line, on-board oriented train control system, which reduces expensive wayside equipment, is being developed. In this paper, we discuss a tram signal priority strategy which enables efficient and safe train operation when the developing system is applied to train-tram railway environment. Based on the well-known transit signal priority strategies, we develop a tram signal priority algorithm and conduct simulations by using model-based systems engineering (MBSE) tool. Various considerations such as operation procedure, linkage to existing road traffic system, applicability with respect to crossroad types, and so on, are also dealt with.

간선도로에서 트램 운행을 고려한 신호연동모형

정영제(Youngje, Jeong),박순용(Soon Yong, Park) 한국도시철도학회 2016 한국도시철도학회논문집 Vol.4 No.4

This research proposes a new tram progression model, Integrated Progression Model, which is a tram signal priority strategy on median tram lane. Integrated progression model was formulated for tram progression model which is capable of identifying the maximized auto bandwidth in the context of a fixed tram bandwidth. A tram that leaves a station during a green band can arrive at next station without unnecessary intersection delays and stops using the tram own green band. In order to guarantee a desired green time for other road users and minor streets, this integrated progression model determines the traffic signal timings for tram signal priority using only an offset.

BRT 구간 딥 러닝을 활용한 버스우선 신호도입 방안에 관한 연구

임창식,최양원 대한토목학회 2020 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.40 No.1

In this study, a suitable algorithm for each BRT stop type is presented through the network construction and algorithm design effect analysis through the LISA, a traffic signal program, for the BRT stop type in the BRT Design Guidelines, Ministry of Land, Transportand Maritime Affairs, 2010.6. It was. The phase insert technique is the most effective method for the stop before passing the intersection, the early green technique for the stop after the intersection, and the extend green technique for the mid-block type stop. The extension green technique is used only because it consists of BRT vehicles, general vehicles and pedestrians. Analyzed. After passing through the intersection, the stop was analyzed as 56.4 seconds for the total crossing time and 29.8 seconds for the delay time. In the mid-block typestop, the total travel time of the intersection was 40.5 seconds, the delay time was 9.6 seconds, the average travel time of up and downBRT was 70.2 seconds, the delay time was 14.0 seconds, and the number of passages was 29. 본 연구는 딥러닝 기술을 적용한 스마트교차로의 부산 해운대로 BRT 구간 버스정류장 유형을 대상으로 교통신호 프로그램인 LISA를 통해 네트워크 구축 및 알고리즘 설계 효과분석을 통해 버스정류장 유형별로 적합한 알고리즘을 제시하였다. 교차로 통과 전 정류장은 Phase insert 기법, 교차로 통과 후 정류장은 Early green 기법, 미드블럭형 정류장은 Extend green 기법이 가장 효과적인 것으로 분석되었고, 버스 및 일반차량과 보행자 현시로 구성하였기 때문에 Extend green 기법으로만 분석하였다. 교차로 통과 전 정류장은 교차로의 전체 통행시간은 57.8초, 지체시간은 33.2초, BRT 상ㆍ하행 평균 통행시간 85.3초, 지체시간 31.1초, 통과대수는 28대로 분석되었고, 교차로 통과 후 정류장은 교차로의 전체 통행시간은 58.2초, 지체시간은 31.8초 BRT 상ㆍ하행 평균 통행시간 102.2초, 지체시간 42.5초, 통과대수 26대로 분석되었다. 미드블럭형 정류장은 교차로의 전체 통행시간은 42.5초, 지체시간은 11.2초, BRT 상ㆍ하행 평균 통행시간 74.2초, 지체시간 17.0초, 통과대수 28대로 분석되었다. 분석결과를 토대로 버스우선 신호시범도입, 보행자 시거확보를 위한 계단식정지선, 속도감속을 위한 고원식횡단보도, 딥러닝 기술을 활용한 무단횡단금지 경고 벨 및 VMS 설치 등으로 BRT 구간에서의 교통사고 감소 효과가 기대되며, 이를 확대 도입할 필요가 있다.

S-BRT 주행로별 대중교통 우선신호 제어 전략

김민지,한여희,김영찬 한국ITS학회 2022 한국ITS학회논문지 Vol.21 No.5