동적역량과 경쟁우위

김국태(Guktae Kim),허문구(Moon-Goo Huh) 한국전략경영학회 2016 전략경영연구 Vol.19 No.3

본 연구는 동적역량이 경쟁우위에 미치는 영향을 탐구한다. 동적역량이 경쟁우위의 획득에 있어 중요하다는 이론적 논의는 활발하게 진행된 반면, 실제로 동적역량과 경쟁우위의 관계를 규명한 실증연구는 제한적이다. 이에 본 연구는 1981년부터 2011년까지 우리나라 IT관련 산업 내 기업들을 대상으로 탐험적, 그리고 활용적 혁신의 개념을 활용하여 동적역량을 정의하고, (1) 동적역량이 경쟁우위에 어떠한 영향을 미치며, (2) 환경의 동태성에 따라 동적역량이 경쟁우위에 미치는 영향이 어떻게 달라지는지를 규명하기 위해 연구모형을 개발하고 검증하였다. 연구결과, 동적역량은 경쟁우위와 정(+)의 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 동적역량이 경쟁우위에 미치는 영향은 환경동태성에 따라 달라지는 것으로 나타났다. 구체적으로, 환경이 동태적일수록 경쟁우위에 미치는 동적역량의 정(+)의 효과가 강해지는 것으로 나타나, 동적역량에 대한 상황론적 관점이 지지되었다. 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 이론적, 실무적 기여와 한계 및 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다. Although a lot of management scholars have accepted the assumption that the dynamic capabilities are crucial for achieving competitive advantages, little is known about the performance implications of dynamic capabilities. This study aims to empirically explore the relationship between dynamic capabilities and competitive advantages. We ask two questions: (1) How do dynamic capabilities influence competitive advantage? and, (2) How is the effectiveness of dynamic capabilities affected by an organizational external contexts? We define dynamic capabilities using the concepts of exploration and exploitation and propose following hypotheses. More specifically, dynamic capabilities have two sub-dimensions: the magnitude and pace of temporal separation between exploration and exploitation. The magnitude of temporal separation refers to the extent that an organization deviates from its average balance between exploration and exploitation at a particular point in time. On the other hand, the pace of temporal separation implies how often organizations shift their orientation between exploration and exploitation during their life span. Eventually, the dynamic capabilities can be defined as “the firm"s ability or process to shift between exploration and exploitation significantly and quickly.” Therefore, this study measure the dynamic capabilities as an interaction between the magnitude and pace of temporal separation. This study examines the following hypotheses by using data from Korean IT firms for the 1981~2011 period. H1: The extent of dynamic capabilities have a positive effect on competitive advantages. H2: Environmental dynamism has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between the extent of dynamic capabilities and competitive advantages The results provide support for Hypothesis 1, indicating a positive effect of dynamic capabilities on the competitive advantages. In terms of moderating effects, the results also provides support for Hypothesis 2, indicating that the relationship between dynamic capabilities and competitive advantages is stronger for a higher level of environmental dynamism. This study makes several important contributions to the dynamic capability literature. first, the study provides empirical evidence of the dynamic capabilities. Although the theoretical arguments have emphasized a firm"s dynamic capabilities for achieving and maintaining competitive advantages, few studies have empirically investigated the performance implications of dynamic capabilities because of the abstractness and the difficulty of measurement. We conceptualize the dynamic capabilities by using the concepts of exploration and exploitation and provide support for the dynamic capability perspective. Second, the study calls for a contingency perspective for a better understanding of performance implications of dynamic capabilities. In spite of the importance of boundary conditions, few studies have examined the performance implications of dynamic capabilities considering a firm"s unique contexts. The results suggest a need for a good fit between a fim"s dynamic capabilities and its environmental dynamism. Overall, the study fills the gap between theoretical assumptions and empirical evidence in dynamic capability literature by examining several hypotheses based on patents and other objective data for a relatively long sample period (1981~2011). We discusses limitations and research directions for future studies.

Photon correlation dynamics of unentangled star-shaped poly(<i>ε</i>-caprolactone)s with extremely small branches and its interaction with plasticization in miscible blend system

Choi, Woohyuk,Chung, Jae Woo,Kwak, Seung-Yeop Elsevier 2016 Polymer Vol.103 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The dynamic effects of unentangled star-shaped polymers with extremely small branches on the plasticization of miscible polymer blends are investigated using ultra-small branched star poly(<I>ε</I>-caprolactone)s (USB-SPCLs), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and their blends. Photon correlation dynamics of USB-SPCLs supports our previous suggestion that a whole USB-SPCL molecule acts as a single coarse-grain unit with dynamically-equivalent branches because of the extremely small branches, resulting in the total-molecular-weight-dependent Rouse dynamic behaviors of USB-SPCLs, regardless of the molecular architectures. The dynamic light scattering intensity autocorrelation curves of miscible PVC/USB-SPCL blends reveal that strong intermolecular interactions between PVC and USB-SPCL molecules determine the dynamic homogeneous behaviors of the blends despite their significantly different mobilities. The molecular motions of the blends depend on the total-molecular-weight-dependent Rouse dynamic behaviors of USB-SPCLs. These dynamic results clearly show the plasticization of the entangled neat linear PVC matrix by distinctive and rapid molecular mobility of USB-SPCLs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> USB-SPCLs show total-molecular-weight-dependent Rouse dynamic behaviors. </LI> <LI> Dynamic effects of USB-SPCLs on the plasticization of PVC blends are investigated. </LI> <LI> PCS in concentrated systems enables to compare the dynamic changes by blending. </LI> <LI> Dynamic homogeneous behaviors of PVC blends depend on the dynamics of USB-SPCLs. </LI> <LI> PVC matrix is plasticized by distinctive and rapid molecular mobility of USB-SPCLs. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

중소기업의 정보기술 역량과 기술혁신 양면성이 경영성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 환경 동태성의 영향을 중심으로

최도영,서영욱 한국기업경영학회 2021 기업경영연구 Vol.28 No.4

단기적 혁신을 추구하는 활용적 혁신활동과 장기적 혁신을 추구하는 탐험적 혁신활동을 동시에 추구하는 개념인 기술혁신 양면성은 기업의 혁신활동을 설명하는 중심개념으로 간주되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기술혁신 양면성과 관련된 요인 중 정보기술 역량과 환경 동태성에 초점을 두고 이들이 기술혁신 양면성 및 경영성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 국내 중소기업을 대상으로 실증연구를 수행하였다. 구체적으로 본 연구에서는 첫째, 정보기술 역량 중 정보기술 인프라와 정보기술 활용능력이 기술혁신 양면성의 두 가지 측면인 활용적 기술혁신과 탐험적 기술혁신 각각에 어떠한 영향을 미치며, 또 이들이 경영성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 확인하였다. 둘째, 환경 동태성의 정도에 따라 정보기술 역량이 기술혁신 양면성에 미치는 양상과 기술혁신 양면성이 경영성과에 미치는 양상에 차이가 있는지를 확인하였다. 실증분석 결과 정보기술 역량은 기술혁신 양면성에 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 기술혁신 양면성 또한 경영성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 환경 동태성과 관련한 결과에서 주목해야 할 점은 동태성이 높아짐에 따라 정보기술 역량 중 정보기술 활용능력의 중요성이 높아진다는 점이며, 또 동태성이 높아짐에 따라 활용적 기술혁신보다 탐험적 기술혁신의 영향이 상대적으로 높아진다는 점이다. 본 연구의 결과는 기술혁신 양면성의 추구에 있어서 정보기술의 역할이 무엇인지와 환경 동태성에 따라 정보기술의 역할이 어떻게 달라질 수 있는지, 또 환경 동태성에 대응하는데 있어서 기술혁신 양면성의 두 활동 간 자원배분과 비중을 전략적으로 어떻게 조정해야 할 것인지에 대한 전략적 시사점을 제공해 주고 있다. Ambidexterity is regarded as a central concept to explain the innovation mechanism of firms, which simultaneously pursues exploratory activities that are related to long-term and disruptive innovation by creating new knowledge and exploitative activities that are related to short-term and incremental innovation using existing knowledge. Although there exist several affecting factors on ambidexterity and firm performance, this study focused on two – information technology and environmental dynamism. In view point of organizational resources anc capabilities, information technology is an essential means because ambidexterity basically conduct collection and sharing of information inside and outside organization, and creating and sharing of new knowledge as well. Furthermore, dynamism is considered as an important environmental factor from the perspective of technological innovation as an organizational response to the environmental uncertainties. In this study information technology capability was considered as two sub-dimensions –information technology infrastructure and information technology utilization ability – and ambidexteiry was studied in two perspectives – exploitation and exploration. Specifically research hypotheses were established to confirm the causal relationship between information technology capabilities, innovation ambidexterity, and business performance. Furthermore, in order to investigate the moderating effect of environmental dynamism on causal relationships, we divided the whole samples into two groups according to the degree of environmental dynamism – the group with high environmental dynamism and the group with low environmental dynamism –and compared whether there are differences in the causal pathway. The results of this study were as follows. Firstly, analysis result of the influencing relationship between information technology and the ambidexterity showed that both information technology infrastructure and information technology utilization ability were found to have a positive(+) effect on both exploitation and exploration. Through these empirical results, it can be confirmed that information technology infrastructure and information technology utilization ability not only have an important effect on both exploitative innovation activities and explorative innovation activities that constitute the two perspectives of technological innovation, but also are organizational capabilities and resources to achieve the two perspectives of technological innovation. Secondly, as an analysis result of the relationship between ambidexterity and business per-formance, it was found that both innovation activities – exploitation and exploration – had a positive(+) effect on business performance. Also, as a result of analyzing the path coefficient, it was found that the effect of exploitation activities on business performance was higher than that of exploration activities on business performance. Since exploitation mainly refers to activities related to short-term innovation and exploration mainly means carrying out activities related to long-term innovation, the effect on business performance seemed to be high in exploitation in this study. Therefore, when establishing a strategy in practice, in the performance evaluation, there is inevitably a difference in the type and duration of performance creation between exploitation activities and exploration activities, so performance type and criteria shoud be established reflecting the characteristics of each innovation activities. Thirdly, one of the main focus of this study was whether there was a difference in the way that information technology capabilities affect the ambidexterity according to the degree of environmental dynamism, and the effect of exploitation and exploration on business performance. First of all, in the case of the group with low environmental dynamism, both information technology infrastructure and information utilization ability acted as factors influencing exploitation and exploration. However, only the information technology utilization ability acted as a factor influencing exploitation and exploration in the case of the group with high environmental dynamism. These results are inferred to be a phenomenon that occurs due to the nature of dynamism. High dynamism means that the degree of instability and change in the market is large, such as shortening the product life cycle as customer demands change rapidly. It can be interpreted that the information technology utilization ability becomes more important for firms to increase their ability to sense and respond to the market. Next, according to the degree of environmental dynamism, the result investigating whether there was a difference in the effect of two perspectives of ambidexterity showed that the effect of exploration on business performance was relatively high in the group with high environmental dynamism and the effect of exploitation on business performance was relatively high in the group with low environmental dynamism. The results of this study show what the role of information technology is in pursuing ambidexterity, how the role of information technology can change according to environmental dynamism, and resource allocation between the two activities of innovation in response to environmental dynamism.

Dynamic Wedge의 조직내 방사선량 분포의 특성

오영택(Young Taek Oh),금기창(Ki Chang Keum),추성실(Seong Sil Chu),김귀언(Gwi Eon Kim) 대한방사선종양학회 1996 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.14 No.4

목적 : 방사선 치료에 있어서 조직내 등선량 분포곡선을 변형시킬 목적으로 쐐기 차폐물이 사용되고 있는데 최근 기존의 고정 쐐기와는 다르게 비대칭적인 콜리메이터인 Independent Jaw에 의해 등선량 분포곡선을 변형시키는 동적 쐐기 기법이 실용화 되고 있으나 아직 그 방사선 물리학적인 특성에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 이에 본 저자는 기존의 고정 쐐기와 비교하여 조직내 방사선량 분포의 특성을 알아보고자 본 연구를 계획하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 물 판톰, 폴리 스타이린 판톰, 평균 유방 모형 판톰을 대상으로 전리함, 필름, TLD 등을 이용하여 동적 쐐기와 고정 쐐기의 선량 분포를 측정하여 비교하였다. 방사선원은 선형 가속기의 6MV x선을 사용하였고 15x15 조사면에서 15, 30, 45도 쐐기를 이용하였다 조직내선량 분포는 전리함과 필름 선량계를 사용하였고, 유방 접선 치료방식에서의 반대편 유방 조사선량은 TLD를 사용하였다. 결과 : 1) 조직내 %심도 선량은 고정 쐐기의 경우 심도 선량 깊이가 깊어지는 방사선의 경화 현상이 뚜렷하였으나 동적 쐐기의 경우에는 발견할 수 없었으며 그 % 심도선량은 개방 조사면과 유사하였다. 2) 조직내 등선량 분포 곡선을 보면 동적 쐐기의 경우 고정 쐐기와는 달리 원하는 깊이, 원하는 조사면에서 원하는 쐐기 각도를 얻을 수 있었으며 쐐기 각도를 이루는 등선량 분포 곡선이 고정 쐐기에 비해 더욱 직선적이었다. 3) 산란선량은 동적 쐐기의 경우 개방 조사면과 그 양이 거의 동일하였으며 유방보존술에서의 접선 조사방식의 방사선치료에서 고정 쐐기 대신에 동적 쐐기를 사용함으로써 반대측 유방으로의 피폭선량을 감소시킬 수 있었다. 결론적으로 동적 쫴기 기법은 단순히 고정 쐐기를 대체할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 고정 쐐기의 단점을 보완해 줄 수 있으며 향후 방사선 치료에 있어서 더 다양한 유용성을 가질 수 있으리라 생각한다. Purpose : The wedge filter is the most commonly used beam modifying device during radiation therapy Recently dynamic wedge technique is available through the computer controlled asymmetric collimator, independent jaw. But dosimetric characteristics of dynamic wedge technique is not well known. Therefore we evaluate dosimetric characteristics of dynamic wedge compared to conventional fixed wedge. Materials and Methods : We evaluated dosimetric characteristics of dynamic wedge and fixed wedge by ion chamber, film dosimetry and TLD in phantoms such as water, polystyrene and average breast phantom. Six MV x-ray was used in 15x15cm field with 15,30 and 45 degree wedge of dynamic/liked wedge system, Dosimeric characteristics are interpreted by Wellhofer Dosimetrie system WP700/WP700i and contralateral breast dose (CBD) with tangential technique was confirmed by TLD. Results : 1) Percent depth dose through the dynamic wedge technique in tissue equivalent phantom was similar to open field irradiation and there was no beam hardening effect compared to fixed wedge technique. 2) Isodose line composing wedge angle of dynamic wedge is more straight than hard wedge. And dynamic wedge technique was able to make any wedge angle on any depth and field size. 3) The contralateral breast dose in primary breast irradiation was reduced by dynamic wedge technique compared to fixed wedge. When the dynamic wedge technique was applied, the scatter dose was similar to that of open field irradiation. Conclusion : The dynamic wedge technique was superior to fixed wedge technique in dosimetric characteristics and may be more useful in the future.

Gear dynamic modelling based on the concept of dynamic mesh stiffness: theoretical study and experimental verification

Chongyang Xie,Wei Yu 대한기계학회 2022 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.36 No.10

Gear mesh stiffness (GMS) is considered as one of the most important internal excitations affecting the dynamic response of the gear transmission system. In most gear dynamic model established by the lumped parameter method, the GMS is pre-calculated under static condition, and treated as a kind of known input of the gear dynamic model. However, the actual tooth contact state under dynamic operation condition is rather different from that under static condition, which means the variation of GMS should also be evaluated dynamically. In this paper, a new gear dynamic model is established based on the lumped parameter method, where the real-time GMS is used. To validate the proposed gear dynamic model, simulated result has been compared with the experiment result that reported in the literature, and it shows that the proposed gear dynamic model is more reasonable for gear dynamic response prediction.

환경 동태성이 기회주의적 행동, 장기지향성 및 재계약의도에 미치는 영향: 외식 프랜차이즈 가맹점을 대상으로

이정희 한국호텔관광학회 2012 호텔관광연구 Vol.14 No.1

A prerequisite to this paper is that environmental changes are significant in long term orientation for the solidarity between franchisors and franchisees. Another prerequisite is that environmental dynamism is an important antecedent factor to opportunism and long term orientation, and that recontract will is a result factor of long term orientation. With these prerequisites, this paper tries to analyze the relations among the factors. Five conclusions were deduced through a face to face survey performed over 250 franchise restaurants in Seoul. Five conclusions are as follows:Firstly, dynamics-market demand(+) and dynamics-competitive market(-) are significantly relative to opportunism. Secondly, dynamics-environment system and dynamics-competitive market are positively relative to long term orientation, while market demand dynamism is negatively relative to long term orientation. Thirdly, dynamics-competitive market and dynamics-environment system are shown to have a positive relation to recontract will, while dynamics-competitive market and input environment dynamism have a negative relation to it. Forthly, opportunism shows a negative relation to long term orientation. Finally, opportunism is negatively relative to recontract will, while long term oientation is positively relative to it. This paper is expected to demonstrate that managerial strategies and administrative efforts are necessary, in the increasing levels of environmental dynamism, for administrating and controlling opportunism to develop and maintain positive long term relations between franchisors and franchisees

선형 동적 시스템 기반의 감정 엔진 모델

안호석(Ho Seok Ahn),최진영(Jin Young Choi) 대한전기학회 2007 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.4

This paper introduces an emotional behavior decision model for intelligent service robots. An emotional model should make different behavior decisions according to the purpose of the robots. We propose an emotional behavior decision model which can change the character of emotional model and make different behavior decisions although the situation and environment remain the same. We defined each emotional element such as reactive dynamics, internal dynamics, emotional dynamics, and behavior dynamics by state dynamic equations. The proposed system model is a linear system. If you want to add one external stimulus or behavior, you need to add just one dimensional vector to the matrix of external stimulus or behavior dynamics. The case of removing is same. The change of reactive dynamics, internal dynamics, emotional dynamics, and behavior dynamics also follows the same procedure. We implemented the proposed emotional behavior decision model and verified its performance.

Dynamic-Network SBM을 이용한 신용협동조합의 효율성 분석

김희창(Hee-Chang Kim) 한국산업경제학회 2017 산업경제연구 Vol.30 No.1

본 연구는 Dynamic-Network SBM을 이용하여 2011-2015년 기간 중 대전 · 충청지역에 위치한 175개 신용협동조합의 효율성을 분석하였다. Dynamic-Network SBM 모형은 Network SBM모형과 Dynamic SBM모형이 결합된 모형으로 단계별 결합 활동(divisional efficiency) 뿐만 아니라 기간 효율성(period efficiency)까지 고려한 종합적인 효율성 분석이 가능하다. 분석결과, 첫째, 분석기간 중 대전 · 충청지역 신용협동조합의 비효율성은 76%로 매우 높게 나타났으며, 생산단계에서의 비효율성보다는 수익단계의 비효율성이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 지역별로는 대전지역이, 공동유대별로는 직장신협의 효율성이 가장 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 셋째, SBM모형, Network SBM모형, Dynamic SBM모형의 효율성 점수와 비교분석한 결과 모형별 특성에 따른 평균 효율성 점수 사이에 차이가 존재하는 것을 확인 할 수 있었으며, 반면 효율성 점수와 순위에 대한 상관관계 분석에서 모형 간 높은 상관관계가 존재하는 것으로 나타나 DN-SBM의 효율성 결과에 대한 강건성 역시 확인할 수 있었다. 마지막으로 투입-산출요소에서의 비효율성과 개선 가능성을 세부적으로 살펴보았으며, 산출요소인 조합원 확보와 영업이익, 수익기능단계에서의 기간 간 결합요소인 고정이하여신의 비효율이 높게 나타난 것으로 확인되어 이에 대한 개선 노력이 필요한 것으로 보인다. The purpose of the study is to measure the level of efficiency for 179 credit unions in Daejeon and Chungcheong-do area from 2011 to 2015. This paper employes the dynamic network DEA model (DNSBM), which combines a slacks-based measure (SBM) of network DEA model (NSBM) and a slacks-based measure of dynamic DEA model (DSBM): This model can evaluate not only the overall and divisional efficiencies but dynamic behavior of efficiency for the credit unions. The following results are found: First, among the credit unions in Daejeon and Chungcheong-do area, the average efficiency score was 0.237, and the inefficiency was higher in the profit-stage (second division) than the production-stage (first division). Second, the analysis of common bond resulted in that ‘employee credit union,’ showed the highest efficiency score, while ‘regional union’ illustrated the lowest score. Third, the regional analysis showed that Daejeon was the highest, while Chungnam was the lowest. Finally, the estimation of the projection shows that the most of the inefficiencies or potential improvements are with (1) output variables, change in union members and operation profit, and (2) carry-over output variables, substandard and below loan. Furthermore, the level of correlations between DN-SBM and other models were high enough to show the robustness of DNS-BM used in this study.

차량 동역학 측면에서의 동적 전복 특성에 관한 연구

장진희(Jin-Hee Jang),존 캐리에(John A. Carriere) 한국자동차공학회 2004 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

In this paper, an approach on the dynamic rollover characteristics has been introduced and explained using some of the latest information from NHTSA. A new NCAP test has been announced by NHTSA including Static Stability Factor and Fish-Hook test which is a dynamic test for the prediction of dynamic rollover propensity. From 2004, a new star rating on rollover propensity results of new cars has been issued by NHTSA to US customer. Until now the rating is an only reference data for the purchasing process of customer. Basically, it is not a regulation item of car makers, but information for the selecting their own cars. This rating is an index for the rollover risk for each vehicle. In the near future, this rating may be a critical data for the sales of cars in US, especially, for SUV. Therefore, we have to understand the status of rollover related research in the world and have to prepare with the change of market requirements and information of customer. This dynamic rollover related topic is a research area of vehicle dynamics parts before crash and rollover. The star rating on the rollover is based on the huge rollover crash information and vehicle basic dimension like as tread and height of center of gravity data. Also, a dynamic test result has been adopted as a scaling factor for the compensation of static criteria for the decision making on the rollover propensity. The start point on this approach for rollover related topic is the exact measuring basic dimensions and the clear understanding of rollover mechanics based on vehicle dynamics. We have to make a development strategy for the consideration of rollover at the early design stage before the major freezing. Finally, basic rollover mechanics, parameters of dynamic rollover, strategy on rollover mechanics, and the state-of-the-art of dynamic rollover related topics are introduced in this paper.

Structural shape optimization using equivalent static loads transformed from dynamic loads

Park, K. J.,Lee, J. N.,Park, G. J. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2005 International Journal for Numerical Methods in Eng Vol.63 No.4

<P>In structural optimization, static loads are generally utilized although real external forces are dynamic. Dynamic loads have been considered only in small-scale problems. Recently, an algorithm for dynamic response optimization using transformation of dynamic loads into equivalent static loads has been proposed. The transformation is conducted to match the displacement fields from dynamic and static analyses. This algorithm can be applied to large-scale problems. However, the application has been limited to size optimization. The present study applies the algorithm to shape optimization. Because the number of degrees of freedom of finite element models is usually very large in shape optimization, it is difficult to conduct dynamic response optimization with conventional methods that directly treat dynamic response in the time domain. The optimization process is carried out by interfacing an optimization system and an analysis system for structural dynamics. Various examples are solved to verify the algorithm. The results are compared to the results from static loads. It is found that the algorithm using static loads transformed from dynamic loads based on displacement is valid for very large-scale shape optimization problems. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>