한국과 일본 교사의 다문화 교수효능감 영향요인 비교 연구

정성경,기한솔,박환보 한국비교교육학회 2022 比較敎育硏究 Vol.32 No.1

[Purpose] The purpose of this study is to explore and compare and analyze the factors influencing the individual level and school level of teacher self-efficacy in multicultural classrooms(TSMC) of Korean and Japanese teachers. Through the analysis results, we tried to derive some implications on what policy support is needed to improve and promote the TSMC of school teachers who play the most important role in the practice of global civic education schools. [Methods]This study used TALIS 2018 diversity and equity data for analysis, and conducted a multi-level model analysis to explore the impact factors at the individual level and school level. [Results] The main analysis results are as follows. First, teachers with a lot of teaching experience in Korea and Japan showed high efficacy in TSMC. Second, multicultural-related education and training experiences were found to be positive influencing factors on TSMC of Korean and Japanese teachers. Third, in Korea, elementary school teachers were found to have higher TSMC than middle school teachers. Finally, it was found that the school-level factor that positively affects TSMC is important in Korea and the operation of multicultural curriculum in Japan. [Conclusion] At the level of international comparison, the multicultural competencies and qualities of teachers leading the practice of multicultural education and global citizenship education in Korea and Japan fell far short of the international average. In order to improve the TSMC of Korean and Japanese teachers, teacher education and training for incumbent teachers should be utilized. In Korea, support measures should be prepared to ensure that all middle school pre-service teachers and incumbent teachers have TSMC. In addition, for improving the TSMC, it is important that Korea promotes the innovation of fellow teachers in schools, and Japan includes multicultural-related curriculum in the overall operation of the school. [연구목적] 본 연구는 한국과 일본 교사의 다문화 교수효능감의 개인수준 및 학교수준 영향요인을 탐색하고 비교 분석하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 분석결과를 통해 세계시민교육 학교 실천의 가장 핵심적인 역할을 하는 학교 교사들의 다문화 교수효능감을 개선하고 촉진하는 데에 있어서 어떠한 정책적 지원이 마련될 필요가 있는지를 중심으로 시사점을 도출하였다. [연구방법] 본 연구는 분석을 위해 TALIS 2018 다양성과 형평성 영역의 한국과 일본 교사와 학교장 데이터를 사용하였으며, 개인수준 및 학교수준 영향요인 탐색을 위해 다층모형 분석을 실시하였다. [연구결과] 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국과 일본에서 교직경력이 많은 교사의 다문화교수 효능감이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 한국과 일본 교사의 다문화 교수효능감에 다문화 관련 교육·훈련 경험은 긍정적인 영향요인으로 나타났다. 셋째, 한국에서는 중학교 교사보다 초등학교 교사의 다문화 교수효능감이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 교사의 다문화 교수효능감에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 학교수준 요인으로 한국에서는 학교의 풍토가, 일본에서는 다문화교육과정 운영이 중요한 것으로 나타났다. [결론] 국제비교수준에서 한국과 일본의 친다문화적 교실 환경과 다문화교육 그리고 세계시민교육의 실천을 주도적으로 끌어가는 교사의 다문화적 역량과 자질은 국제 평균에 못 미치는 결과를 보였다. 한국과 일본 교사의 다문화 교수효능감을 높이고 개선하기 위해서는 양성교육 단계의 교사교육과 현직교사 대상 연수를 적극적으로 활용해야 하며, 특히, 한국에서는 담당 교과와 무관하게 모든 중학교 예비교사 및 현직교사가 다문화 교수효능감을 갖추도록 하는 지원책이 마련될 필요가 있다. 또한 교사의 다문화 교수효능감에 긍정적인 영향을 주기 위해서는 한국은 학교 내 동료교사들의 혁신성을 촉진하는 것이, 그리고 일본은 다문화 관련 교육과정을 학교 내 전반적인 교육과정 운영에 포함하는 것이 중요하다.

A Study on Strategic Choice Result of TSMC and Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (SEC)

최병헌 ( Byung Hun Choi ) 한중사회과학학회 2023 한중사회과학연구 Vol.21 No.3

Both TSMC and Samsung Electronics (SEC) have played a key role in developing global semiconductor industry while taking the lead each for foundry, memory business. However, recently TSMC shows a much better performance than SEC. This study manages the cause of performance change between two firms from strategic choice perspective. TSMC has pursued a business strategy which concentrates on foundry but SEC has operated multiple businesses simultaneously including semiconductor under diversification strategy. As a result of analysis, the first finding is that business strategy of TSMC more corresponds with a recent condition of semiconductor industry growth rather than corporate strategy of SEC. Also, it is more and more hard to find any meaningful synergy effect between semiconductor and other segments of SEC. Secondly, the difference for attributes of work between memory chip and system chip significantly affects the result of two firms. The important point is that demand for system chip much more rapidly increases than demand for memory chip. Thirdly, both firms’ revenue proportions for China have been down continuously, but the revenue proportions for the U.S. go up steadily. In particular, TSMC’s revenue proportion for the U.S. turned out to be much higher than SEC’s one.

발전국가(developmental state)를 넘어선 국가-기업 관계: 1980년대 대만 정부의 반도체 산업 전략과 TSMC의 창립

손기영 서울대학교 아시아연구소 2023 아시아리뷰 Vol.13 No.3

이 연구는 발전국가(developmental state)의 산업 육성 전략을 분석하면서, 대만이 기존의 발전국가인 한국 및 일본과 비교해 훨씬 유기적이고 밀접한 정부-기업 관계를 형성했음을 밝힌다. 특히, 대만 전자 산업계의 가장 큰 기업인 TSMC의 창립 과정을 분석하면서 국가-국책연구소-기업 관계가 어떻게 형성되었는지를 정리한다. 한국과 일본은 경제 발전에 근간이 될 만한 유치산업(infant industry)을 선정해 집중적으로 육성하는 전략을 폈지만, 대만은 세상에 존재하지 않았던 새로운 사업 모델을 정부가 개발하고 투자한 경우다. 이 연구는 이러한 대만 정부의 산업정책을 바탕으로 ‘선지국가(visionary state)’라는 개념을 제시하며, TSMC 설립 이전부터 반도체 산업의 발전을 주도한 주요 인물들의 행위를 추적한다. This study analyzes the developmental state’s industrial development strategy and argues that Taiwan has formed a much more organic and close government-business relationship compared to existing developmental states such as Korea and Japan. In particular, I analyze the founding process of TSMC, the largest company in Taiwan’s electronics industry, and summarize how the relationship among the government, state-run research institutes, and corporations was formed. Korea and Japan adopted a strategy of selecting and intensively nurturing infant industries that are the basis for economic development, but in Taiwan, the government developed and invested in a new business model that did not exist in the world. This study presents a ‘visionary state’ model based on the Taiwanese government’s industrial policy and traces the actions of key figures who led the development of the semiconductor industry even before the establishment of TSMC.

미중 무역마찰로 인한 파운드리 산업의 정치적 위험과 TSMC의 대응전략

현재훈 한국무역통상학회 2023 무역통상학회지 Vol.23 No.6

This study analyzes the case of TSMC placed the dominant position in the foundry in the semiconductor industry but exposed to the political risks stemming from the US-China trade disputes. Based on the findings of the study, TSMC has strategically reacted to the political risks due to semiconductor nationalism and sanctions against trade and investment by the dispersion of production facilities, structural integration, and organizational capabilities to minimize the transaction costs. In particular, TSMC attempts to implement both compliance and challenge against the sanctions imposed by the US government and the effectiveness of this strategy is based on technological capacity, customer relations, and the prevailing position in the semiconductor supply chain. The case of TSMC shed a light on companies exposed to a political risk by indicating potential strategies to avoid possible risks as well as the importance of dynamic strategy to grasp opportunities. In addition, it also implied that structural integration and organizational capabilities were critical factors to immune from the potential political risks and to disperse the negative consequences.

Competitive Advantage of Taiwanese Tech Companies* – Focusing on the Cases of Foxconn and TSMC –

최병헌 중국지역학회 2022 중국지역연구 Vol.9 No.1

The untact period with coronavirus pandemic leads to a new leap of Taiwanese Tech firms. This study tried to address the competitive advantage of Taiwanese Tech firms, and paid attention to six Tech firms; Foxconn, Pegatron, TSMC, Quanta Computer, Compal Electronics and Wistron by tracing ‘Fortune Global 500’ ranking change since 2015. Firstly, this study analyzed the revenue and operating profit trend of them, and showed that why Foxconn and TSMC should be significantly managed as the head of Taiwanese Tech companies. Secondly, this study looked into the business structure and R&D point of Foxconn and TSMC to check major characteristics to be sources of competitive advantage. Thirdly, the sources of two generic business strategies, the cost leadership and differentiation, were examined through literature research about the business models, key success factors of Foxconn and TSMC. As a result, the competitive advantage of two firms is concerned with the fact that they accomplished both cost leadership and differentiation strategy simultaneously.

중국 반도체 산업의 기술혁신 성과 분석-파운드리 기업 SMIC의 특허 분석을 중심으로-

이찬우 ( Lee Chan-woo ) 중국학연구회 2020 중국학연구 Vol.- No.93

최근 중국은 ‘반도체 굴기’라는 정부 차원의 반도체 산업 육성 정책에 나서고 있다. 이 논문은 중국내 최대 파운드리 반도체 기업인 SMIC의 특허를 TSMC(台湾积体电路制造股份有限公司)와 삼성전자와 비교하여 기술 혁신 성과를 분석하였다. 연구 방법으로 SMIC를 포함한 파운드리 3개사의 2010년부터 2019년까지 10년간 미국 특허청(USPTO)에 출원ㆍ공개된 특허를 기초 데이터로 하여 특허영향력지수(PII)와 시장확보지수(FPS) 두 가지 특허정량지표를 이용하여 이들 기업의 기술 혁신 성과를 비교ㆍ분석하였다. 분석 결과 SMIC는 특허의 양적인 측면에서 세계 선도기업과는 현저한 차이를 보이고 있고 특히 미국의 특허 출원에는 상대적으로 소극적인 점을 알 수 있었다. 다만 SMIC는 2015년 이후 5년간의 특허 수가 2010년 이후 5년간 특허 수보다 2배 이상 증가하는 점을 고려할 때 중국 정부의 반도체 지원 정책과 R&D 투자 확대 등을 통해 활발한 기술 혁신 과정 중에 있음을 시사하고 있다. 특허영향력지수(PII)로 분석한 SMIC의 기술적 수준은 G11C(정적기억) 제외한 6개 기술 분야에서 파운드리 반도체 분야의 경쟁사인 TSMC와 삼성전자에 비해 열위의 수준에 그치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 시장확보지수 (FPS)로 평가한 SMIC의 기술 혁신 성과에서도 타 파운드리 반도체 기업에 비해 7개 IPC 전 분야에서 낮은 시장확보지수를 기록하고 있었다. 중국 정부의 대대적인 반도체 산업 지원정책과 중국내 수요 증가에도 불구하고 SMIC의 기술 혁신 성과는 세계 선도기업과 비교할 때 상대적으로 미흡한 것으로 분석되었다. This study analyzes the technological innovation performance of SMIC, the largest foundry semiconductor company in China, by comparing with that of TSMC and Samsung electronics. In order to analyze two aspects of the technical level and marketability of the patent, patent impact index(PII) and family patent size(FPS) are used as an analysis method. The results are as follows. First, SMIC is relatively low compared to the world’s leading companies in terms of the quantity of patents. However, considering that the number of patents for five years since 2015 has more than 2 times compared to the number of patents for five years since 2010, We can assume SMIC is actively participating in the process of technological innovation. Second, the PII of SMIC was inferior to that of competitors TSMC and Samsung Electronics in six technology fields except G11C(static stores) and SMIC’s marketability of the patent, which was evaluated by the FPS, recorded a low level in all seven IPC sectors. These results implies that despite the Chinese government’s large-scale semiconductor industry support policy and increasing demand in China, SMIC has limitations as a latecomer in terms of technological innovation performance. On the other hand, considering SMIC’s rising trend in the technological innovation performance and the accumulation of technology across the Chinese semiconductor industry, China could catch up with leading countries in semiconductor industrial sector. This suggests that Korea, which is competing for the world market with China, needs more efforts to protect overseas markets through the development of leading core technologies.

이차 불확실 플랜트의 터미널 슬라이딩 모드 제어를 위한 Utkin 정리의 증명

최명수,이정훈,김정규 대한전자공학회 2023 전자공학회논문지 Vol.60 No.4

In this note, a complete proof of Utkin's theorem is presented for the TSMC(terminal sliding mode control) of second order uncertain linear plants when . In the previous works of the TSMCs, the proof is rare and done when . The Utkin’s invariance theorem with respect to the two transformation methods so called the two diagonalization methods is proved clearly and comparatively for second order uncertain linear systems when . With respect to the two transformations i.e. the sliding surface transformation and control input transformation, the equation of the sliding mode i.e., the sliding surface is invariant. Among the two transformations, the sliding surface transformation for the first time appears in the TSMC. By means of the two transformation methods the same performance results can be obtained. Through an illustrative example and simulation study, the usefulness of the main results is verified. 본 연구에서는 이차 불확실 선형 플랜트가 일 때, 터미널 슬라이딩 모드 제어를 위하여 Utkin 정리의 완전한 증명을 제시한다. 터미널 슬라이딩 모드 제어의 기존 연구에서는 Utkin 정리의 증명을 찾기어렵고, 일 때 수행되었다. 소위 두 대각화(Diagonalization)) 방법이라는 두 변환(Transformation) 방법에 대하여 Utkin 불변 정리를 이차 불확실 선형 플랜트가 일 때 분명하게 그리고 비교적으로 증명한다. 두 변환 방법 즉 제어입력 변환과 슬라이딩 면 변환에 대하여, 슬라이딩 모드 수식 즉 슬라이딩 면은 불변하다는 사실을 분명히 밝힌다. 두 변환 방법 중 슬라이딩 면 변환은 터미널 슬라이딩 모드 제어에서 처음으로 나타나며, 두 변환 방법에 의하여 같은 성능 결과를 얻는다. 설계 예와 시뮬레이션 연구를 통하여 주 연구 결과의 유용성을 입증한다.

A Study on Two Alliances for Semiconductor Industry Rebuilding of Japan; JASM vs. Rapidus

최병헌 공주대학교 KNU 기업경영연구소 2024 기업경영리뷰 Vol.15 No.2

Japanese government makes all effort to rebuild the semiconductor industry. A key point of the rebuilding plan is to set up a new & advanced fabrication facility in Japan by strategic alliance. As of March 2024, two pivots of the rebuilding plan are the JASM and Rapidus. Both companies pursue a similar goal but different points also exist. So, this study intends to make clear the difference between them and to check the feasibility of each alliance purpose. For doing this, the comparative analysis is to be done for the alliance condition of JASM and Rapidus. In addition, the engagement condition of each alliance partners on system chip value chain is to be reviewed. In particular, this study manages a specific knowledge of foundry business which is very hard to imitate from two aspects, supply and demand by looking into TSMC fabs’ revenue ratio trend. As a result, it can be said that alliance purpose of Rapidus, that is to begin 2 Nano level of foundry business from 4Q 2027 is not likely to come true due to a beginner’s limitation of foundry. On the contrary, it is expected that alliance goal of JASM is to go smoothly under a leadership of TSMC.

Comparative Analysis for Two Alliances’ Sustainability of AI Chip Industry; SK Hynix-TSMC-NVIDIA vs. Intel-Naver-SEC

최병헌 한국동북아경제학회 2024 동북아경제연구 Vol.36 No.2

The AI chip market power of NVIDIA is to be expected to grow as the alliance partnership between SK Hynix and TSMC is to be stronger than before. The SK Hynix takes the lead in supplying HBM that is a core part of AI chip, and TSMC has been an exclusive foundry partner of NVIDIA since the foundation. The purpose of Intel-Naver-SEC alliance is to reduce the dependence of NVIDIA’s AI accelerator by developing a new AI accelerator without using NVIDIA’s GPU. This study tried to access the sustainability of these two alliances by analyzing three points, the management performance trend of two alliances’ partners, management strategy type and AI chip value chain engagement condition. As a result, firstly, the management results of SK Hynix-TSMC-NVIDIA alliance have been better than those of Intel-Naver-SEC alliance since 2012. In particular, the management results of TSMC and NVIDIA have been less sensitive to economic cycle than those of others. Secondly, all the partners of SK Hynix-TSMC-NVIDIA alliance have concentrated on a single business, but all the partners of Intel-Naver-SEC alliance have driven the multiple businesses, that is a diversification strategy. Thirdly, the collaboration process of SK Hynix-TSMC-NVIDIA alliance on the AI chip value chain is more simple and clear that that of Intel-Naver-SEC alliance. Above all, the conflict of interests of Intel-Naver-SEC alliance is highly possible to occur due to a fight for hegemony in developing a new AI accelerator.

Alliances Relation Change between Japanese Tech Firms and Taiwanese Ones - Alliances Cases of Sharp & Foxconn vs. Sony & TSMC -

최병헌 한국동북아경제학회 2022 동북아경제연구 Vol.34 No.3

The Sony, Denso and TSMC plan to make a joint venture called the ‘Japan Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing (JASM)’ as a new fab by 2024. The alliance is very significant when considering the repetitive chip shortage and the geopolitical issues like the ‘Chip 4’ alliance. This study looks into the alliances relation change between Japan and Taiwan by comparing the Sony & TSMC case with the Sharp & Foxconn one. The Sharp & Foxconn case is also meaningful because Foxconn became a major shareholder of Sharp which had been Japanese pride of consumer electronics for a long time. The comparative analysis for two cases is to be made from four aspects; the alliance type & purpose, synergy type, market segmentation and government position. As a result, the Sharp & Foxconn case takes an intra-industry nature as a forward integration. Whereas, the Sony & TSMC case has both intra-industry and inter-industry nature as a backward integration. The synergy type of Sharp & Foxconn case is a reciprocal one with few government supports. But the Sony & TSMC case can expect a sequential synergy with a strong government support.