MB 정부의 녹색 기술 개발 정책 평가

박진희(Jin-Hee Park) 한국환경사회학회 2009 환경사회학연구 ECO Vol.13 No.2

녹색 성장 정책에 대한 비판적 성찰은 그 이행 정책으로 제시되고 있는 세부 정책들을 평가할 때 내용이 더욱 풍부해질 수 있다고 보여진다. 녹색 성장 정책이 기존의 경제 성장 정책을 녹색이라는 수사로 포장을 해놓은 것인지, 아니면 실질적으로 환경과 공생하는 경제, 사회의 구축을 가능하게 하는 것인지는 세부 이행 정책들 분석에서 더 잘 드러날 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 정부가 ‘녹색 성장’ 비전의 실천 전략으로 제시하고 있는 녹색 기술개발 정책들의 정책 내용 및 정책 추진 과정, 정책 수단을 분석한다. 대표적인 녹색 기술정책으로 「그린에너지산업 발전 전략」, 「녹색기술연구개발종합대책」과 「녹색기술개발산업화 전략 로드맵」과「녹색 성장을 위한 IT 산업 전략(Green IT)」을 분석 대상으로 하였다. 분석의 틀로는 80년대 말부터 유럽에서 진행되어 온 ‘지속가능한 기술 혁신’, ‘지속가능한 기술 정책’ 이론들을 활용하였다. 특히 전환 관리 이론과 풀뿌리, 생태 혁신론의 정책원리를 분석틀로 활용했다. 그 결과 이들 정책의 목표들은 성장 동력 산업에 필요한 기술력 확보, 세계 시장 선점, 선진국과의 기술 격차 해소로 기존의 경제 성장을 목표로 하는 기술 정책과 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 기능적 통합만을 지향하는 정책 협조에 바탕하였을 뿐 지속가능 기술 정책에 부응하는 참여적 거버넌스의 형성은 없었다. 이들 녹색 기술정책에서는 지속가능 기술 정책에서 보이는 기술에 대한 사회-기술 시스템적 시각이 결여되어 있었다. 이로 인해 정책 수단의 측면에서도 선형적 기술 개발 정책에서 벗어나지 못하고 있었다. 정책 평가의 부재 역시 녹색 기술 정책이 ‘녹색’ 산업 기술 정책, 즉, 신성장산업 정책에 머무르고 있음을 보여주고 있다. The critical review of Green Technology policy will show if the Green Growth policy of the Lee Myung-Bak Government could bring a new eco-harmonized society. This paper analyzes the goal, contents, instruments and decision process of Green Technology policy. The four major technology policies are focused: the development strategy of green energy industry, the national program of green technology research, the strategic roadmap for the development and industrialization of green technology, and the plan of green it. The discourses of sustainable technology policy and innovation, which were developed in Europe, provide an useful analysis frame. Especially, the transition theory, grassroots innovation and eco innovation theory suggest the principles of sustainable technology policy. The study results show that there is no difference between the goals of green technology policies and those of traditional technology policies. The policies pursue the expansion of market share, the enhancement of technological facility and the economic growth. The participative governance, on which sustainable technology policy put a value, is not considered by the MB government’s technology policy. They lack the concept of socio-technical system, and they are addicted to the linear model of technology development. Therefore the availability of political instruments is constrained. The deficiency of evaluation process shows that the green technology policies remain to be an another industry policy which aims only the development of new green industry.

기후변화 · 지속가능발전 · 코로나 펜데믹 대응 정책통합 분석 연구 : 유엔기후변화협약 하의 개도국 지원 메커니즘을 중심으로

오채운,강문정,김태윤,송예원,민경서,김한이 한국기후변화학회 2022 한국기후변화학회지 Vol.13 No.5

Since the year 2020, we have faced global challenges including the COVID-19 pandemic and the threat of climate change alongside sustainable development. Numerous policies have been designed and implemented in the context of tackling ongoing challenges. Developed countries have responded through individual policies for each challenge as well as policy packages. However, developing countries have faced more difficulties in responding to each of those challenges. Within the given context, United Nations-based policies focus on the relevance between or amongst respective policies on climate change, sustainable development, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent studies have shown that even separately undertaken policies are intertwined, overlapping, and sometimes even conflicting, and that there should be an integrative policy approach to avoid overlap and conflict and seek complementarity. Thus, some studies take an integrative approach at the center of sustainable development policies to integrate climate change and COVID-19 pandemic policies. Other studies explore the integration of COVID-19 pandemic response policy with sustainable development and climate policies. Yet, there is a lack of study regarding integrative approaches from climate change policy to sustainable development and COVID-19 policies. Therefore, this paper attempts to explore whether climate policy integrates sustainable development and COVID-19 pandemic policy response. This study explores three mechanisms in the United Nations Framework Convention (UNFCCC) that support developing countries: the Technology Mechanism, the Financial Mechanism, and the Market Mechanism. The analytical approach is grounded in policy integration theory. Analytical results show that all three mechanisms have integrated, though not fully sufficient, their climate policies with the policies to tackle sustainable development and in advance COVID-19 pandemic. This paper concludes with policy implications.

에너지정책관련 적정기술의 지속가능성 분석

임성진 한국자치행정학회 2013 한국자치행정학보 Vol.27 No.1

Appropriate technology is recently receiving a great deal of attention for bringing back humanity to today's scientific technology. It is a resource saving and energy efficient distributed technology which uses the most appropriate resources for the relevant region. Thus it is also considered as an environmentally friendly and grassroots democratic initiative. This study is designed to show that appropriate technology is not only a welfare technology for the poor in underdeveloped countries but also a future oriented technology which enables our local communities to achieve sustainable transition. Understanding and implementing appropriate technology as an integrated concept of welfare promotion and sustainable innovation is a wise and the most cost-effective way for us to embark on the new paradigm of future society which is represented by "Third Industrial Revolution", "Natural Capitalism" and "Blue Economy". Therefore, the Korean government should change its perception of appropriate technology only as technology for helping poor people in underdeveloped countries and reorient its technology policy towards enhancing development of appropriate technology as a method to establish a decentralized society. 저개발국의 소외된 주민들을 위해 개발된 적정기술이 근래 과학기술의 인본주의적 속성을 회복시켜주는 계기로서 주목을 받고 있다. 이 논문은 적정기술이 소외된 지역주민의 복지를 위한 기술의 의미를 넘어 지속가능한 사회 변화를 향한 미래형 기술의 성격을 함께 지니고 있음을 밝히기 위해 지속가능성의 개별 요소, 적정기술 및 제품, 그리고 지속가능 이론들이 구체적으로 어떻게 상호 연관되어 있는지를 분석하기 위한 목적으로 작성되었다. 적정기술을 이처럼 복지와 지속가능한 혁신을 통합한 개념으로 이해하고 정책에 적극 활용한다면 그것이 바로 우리 사회가 3차 산업혁명, 자연자본주의, 블루이코노미 등으로 표현되는 미래사회 패러다임에 가장 적은 비용으로 들어설 수 있는 효과적인 정책방안이 될 것이다. 따라서 정부도 이제는 적정기술이 후진국을 원조하기 위한 단순한 기술이라는 인식에서 벗어나 지속가능한 분산형 사회로의 전환을 위한 해결책으로 적정기술을 발전시키고 육성하기 위한 정책 전환을 서둘러야한다.

중국 그린뉴딜 정책의 탐색적 연구

Hong Chen(Hong Chen),박상도(Sang-Do Park) 한국비교정부학회 2023 한국비교정부학보 Vol.27 No.1

(Purpose) China's new infrastructure construction is an important policy that is strongly promoted for new sustainable development in the post-COVID-19 era. China is expected to make a new leap in line with issues such as the Fourth Industrial Revolution technology and environmental protection, and cooperation and competition between Korea and China are inevitable in this field. Through analyzing this policy indicator system, Korea should establish a strategy for cooperation with China. (Design/methodology/approach) In order to analyze China's new infrastructure construction policy, we organize detailed indicators to supplement existing macroscopic studies. In particular, detailed strategies of various industries are analyzed considering the universality of policy and the region's specificity. In addition, cases of key propulsion industries in each region are analyzed. (Findings) China's new infrastructure construction is a “1+N” strategy that combines central macroeconomic policies and local diversification strategies. At the same time, it is equipped with different indicator systems and goals/strategies according to differences in regional resources, existing industries, demographic structure, and soft power. (Research implications or Originality) Korea's New Deal policy is expected to cooperate with and compete with China. Through the new infrastructure construction policy indicator, we should focus on creating technological cooperation and common global standards for the IT-based industry, aerospace industry, and high-tech manufacturing industry that China is promoting.

산업혁신정책의 주요 담론들과 그 정책목표의 국제 비교: 한국에의 시사점

이근,김준엽 기술경영경제학회 2023 Journal of Technology Innovation Vol.31 No.2

This study first reviews the evolving literature on industrial innovation policy and thereby identifies three main goals of such policy. The first goal is traditional industrial policy aiming growth of existing and future industries, the second goal is sustainable development and quality of life, and third goal encompasses the issues related to supply chain and economic security. Then, the paper evaluates industrial innovation policy goals of the five economies (United States, China, Germany, Japan, and Taiwan) in terms of the relative weights given to each goal by each economy, and derives implications for Korea. The United States emphasizes economic security and supply chain stability amid its rivalry with China. In contrast, China focuses more on traditional industrial policies but has recently begun to consider supply chain and economic security. Germany and Japan tend to give similar weights to each of the three goals. Taiwan follows this trend with a new and additional emphasis on economic security given the rising threats from China. For Korea, economic security may not be the top priority, unlike the two super-powers. Instead, it seems more appropriate for Korea to follow Germany or Japan to prioritize supply chain stability and technology sovereignty, and, at the same time, fostering future growth industries must be still an important goal. Further, the concept of economic security for Korea should include promotion of defense industry and food security. 본 연구는 최근 세계 주요국(미국, 중국, 독일, 일본, 대만)의 산업혁신정책의 목표를 3대 분야 6개 세부목표로 분류하여 평가한다. 3대 분야의 첫째는 ‘기존산업과 미래성장’이라는 전통적 산업정책 목표인데 이는 다시 ‘기존산업 경쟁력 강화’와 ‘미래 성장산업의 육성’이라는 두 세부 목표로 나뉜다. 둘째는 ‘환경과 삶의 질’ 분야인데 이는 ‘국민의 삶의 질 개선’과 ‘환경과 지속가능성’으로 구분된다. 셋째는 ‘공급망과 경제안보’인데, 이는 ‘공급망 안정성 확보’와 ‘경제안보’로 세분된다. 미국은 미·중 패권경쟁 상황 속에서 상대적으로 공급망과 경제안보를 중시하는 반면, 중국은 전통적 산업정책을 추구하여 왔으나 최근 공급망과 경제안보도 고려하기 시작했다. 독일과 일본은 전통적 산업정책과 함께 환경과 삶의 질뿐만 아니라 기술주권 및 공급망 안정도 중시함에 따라 산업정책의 3대 분야를 골고루 중시한다고 볼 수 있다. 대만도 비슷하다고 볼 수 있으나, 최근 중국의 위협에 따라 경제안보를 중시하기 시작했다. 한국의 경우, 경제패권국인 미·중과 달리 ‘경제안보’가 최우선 순위가 아닐 수 있다. 오히려 독일과 같이 국가 간 연대와 협력에 기반한 ‘공급망 안정성’, ‘기술주권’ 확보가 더 적절하여 보인다. 즉, 미국이나 독일 및 일본과의 기술격차를 줄이고 넘어서기 위한 ‘미래 성장산업과 기술의 육성’이 여전히 중요하다. 결론적으로 한국은 3대 분야에 대해서 비슷한 수준으로 가중치를 두어 기존산업과 미래산업을 중시하는 ‘전통적 산업정책’을 지속하면서, 일단 리스크 관리 차원에서 ‘공급망 안정성 확보’에 단기적으로 가중치를 둘 필요가 있다. 한국적 상황에서 안보란 방위산업 육성이나 식량안보가 더 적절하다.

The Technology and Policy for Sustainable Building and Urban In South Korea

Tae, Sung-Ho,Woo, Jee-Hwan Sustainable Building Research Center 2010 International journal of sustainable building tech Vol.1 No.1

Development of sustainable building urban and settlement of policy emerge as important issues for low carbon green growth in environmental industry recently and therefore this study proposed various technical development and policy for realization of sustainable building and urban environment industry by analyzing green industry system and policy of Korean government in the new era of green growth industry. As a result, the study arranged existing concept and direction of building technology in technical aspect and green growth aspect, and proposed specific building and urban related government systems and policies, i.e., $CO_2$ and carbon emission quota etc. at local level for green growth in policy aspect through evaluation of building and urban environment for the entire life cycle. In addition, this study also proposed model of test bed and stronghold urban development while deducing new sustainable building industry model in industrial aspect. In educational aspect, this study proposed the need for the establishment of sustainable environment-friendly building, urban, technology and education system for building working level personnel. All in all, the proposed development model is anticipated to produce voluntary $CO_2$ reduction effects by providing environment-friendly places to residents through sustainable building and urban environment in educational aspect.

Global sustainable aviation fuel policy trends and plans to revitalize domestic Industries

김재훈 한국공업화학회 2023 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2023 No.1

Sustainable Energy Potential and Strategy of Russia

윤익중(Ik Joong Youn),유리 멜니코프(Yury Melnikov ) 한국외국어대학교 동유럽발칸연구소 2023 동유럽발칸연구 Vol.47 No.2

본 논문의 주요 연구 목표는 지난 수십 년 동안 에너지 전환과 지속 가능한 에너지 분야에서 러시아의 정책이 어떻게 변화했는지 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구를 통하여 러시아의 에너지 전환의 기술 및 경제적 잠재력을 평가하는 동시에 러시아 에너지 전환 정책의 기회와 한계를 분석하고자 한다. 즉, 러시아의 지속가능한 에너지의 역할과 위치를 보다 자세히 고찰하고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 수소 뿐 아니라 원자력, 수력, 풍력 및 태양광 등과 관련된 러시아 에너지 정책의 초점이 기술 개발에 맞춰져 있다는 것을 나타낸다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 러시아의 에너지 정책 방향이 당분간 지속될 가능성이 높지만, 에너지 가격을 낮게 유지하며 기후 목표를 달성하기 위하여 수정될 수 있다고 주장한다 The main aim of this paper is to analyze how Russia's energy policy in the field of sustainable energy has changed over the past decades. At the same time, this article assesses the technical and economic potential based on published studies and analyzes the opportunities and limitations that the energy transition creates for Russian policymakers. For this purpose, the role and place of sustainable energy in the energy sector of Russia, the largest energy supplier in the world, whose economy is now completely dependent on the export of fossil energy resources, is analyzed in a more detailed way. The article demonstrates that the focus on technological development is the main factor for regulators when taking energy policy measures in relation to nu-clear, hydro, wind and solar energy, as well as the hydrogen economy. The paper concludes that it is highly likely that this focus will continue for the foreseeable future, but can be supplemented by intentions to keep energy prices low and achieve ambitious climate targets.

Sustained Economic Growth and Technology Policies

ByungWoo Kim 한국재정학회(구 한국재정·공공경제학회) 2006 한국재정학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.2

Government can consider technology policies that directly augment the incentives for research. We analyzed what the technology policies have effects on the growth rate in the one-sector economy. We know that any increase in the subsidy rate causes the rate of innovation to increase. A subsidy to R&D spurs product development. Faster innovation and growth come as a result. We showed that considering goodness of fit of regression model, we can see that the empirical evidence is strongly in favor of the character of R&D subsidies as the instrument spurring economic growth. We could see that 10% increase in the subsidy (amount) causes the rate of economic growth to increase by 0.8%. So, we can expect that through product innovation supported by technology policy, faster economic growth can be attained in the Korean economy.

세계 각국의 해양정책과 Blue Economy에 관한 소고

박광서(Park Kwang-seo),황기형(Hwang Kee-hyung) 한국해양수산개발원 2009 해양정책연구 Vol.24 No.2

Recently the major maritime countries have reassessed the value of the ocean and have actively discussed strategy for the realization of the Blue Economy. They believe that the global crisis such as climate change, resource supply pressures and economic recession should be overcome through the ocean. Besides, development of marine science and technology helps us to access to and use the ocean. But Blue Economy's concept has not been established yet. The experts usually emphasize the growth potential, economic importance and sustainability of the ocean. The common key words of the major maritime countries' marine policies are increased interaction, sustainability, innovation, response·adaptation·mitigation, international cooperation and public awareness. Considering the above factors, Blue Economy's concept could be a sustainable economic development model based on a close relationship with the ocean. In other words, Blue Economy is a new economic development model under the increased interactions between human society and the ocean. Realizing Blue Economy requires innovative development of marine science and technology, building industrialization base, strengthening the management of marine resources and increasing awareness about the value of the ocean.