미국자동차시장의 구조분석

Choi InHye(최인혜),Seo Goo Lee(이서구),Seong Keun Yi(이성근) 한국마케팅과학회 2008 마케팅과학연구 Vol.18 No.1

  본 연구는 미국의 자동시장의 시장구조를 분석한 것이다. 자동차 시장의 구조분석는 제품의 특성이냐내구재라는 점에서 의의가 있다. 그 동안 시장구조분석은 일반포장소비재를 중심으로 분석되어 왔으나 자동차의 시장구조분석는 자동차의 구매주기가 장기간이며, 다음 구매는 많은 소비자가 상위차급으로 이동한다는 점에서 기존의 분석에 사용되었던 상표전환자료를 사용하는데 한계가 있다. 이 때문에 본 연구에서는 구매고려상표군을 중심으로 우사성지수로 사용하여 시장구조분석을 하였다. 자료는 미국의 자동차구매에 관한 이차자료를 활용하였으며, 자료의 특성상 일부차종에 한정하여 사용하였다. 크게 세가지 형태-비용, 비용-형태, 비구조화의 가설적 시장을 비교분석하였으며, 결과적으로 형태-비용 구조가 가장 우수한 것으로 판단되었다.   Market structure analysis is a very useful tool to analyze the competition boundary of the brand or the company. But most of the studies in market structure analysis, the concern lies in nondurable goods such as candies, soft drink and etc. because of the their availability of the data. In the field of durable goods, the limitation of the data availability and the repurchase time period constrain the study. In the analysis of the automobile market, those of views might be more persuasive.<BR>  The purpose of this study is to analyze the structure of automobile market based on some idea suggested by prior studies. Usually the buyers of the automobile tend to buy upper tier when they buy in the next time. That kind of behavior make it impossible to analyze the structure of automobile market under the level of automobile model. For that reason I tried to analyze the market structure in the brand or company level.<BR>  In this study, consideration data was used for market structure analysis. The reasons why we used the consideration data are summarized as following. Firstly, as the repurchase time cycle is too long, brand switching data which is used for the market analysis of nondurable good is not avaliable. Secondly, as we mentioned, the buyers of the automobile tend to buy upper tier when they buy in the next time.<BR>  We used survey data collected in the U.S.A. market in the year of 2005 through questionaire. The sample size was 8,291. The number of brand analyzed in this study was 9 among 37 which was being sold in U.S.A. market. Their market share was around 50%. The brands considered were BMW, Chevrolet, Chrysler, Dodge, Ford, Honda, Mercedes, and Toyota. ? ratio was derived from frequency of the consideration set. Actually the frequency is different from the brand switch concept. In this study to compute the ? ratio, the frequency of the consideration set was used like a frequency of brand switch for convenience.<BR>  The study can be divided into 2 steps. The first step is to build hypothetical market structures. The second step is to choose the best structure based on the hypothetical market structures, Usually logit analysis is used for the choice best structure.<BR>  In this study we built 3 hypothetical market structure. They are type-cost, cost-type, and unstructured. We classified the automobile into 5 types, sedan, SUV(Sport Utility Vehicle), Pickup, Mini Van, and Full-size Van. As for purchasing cost, we classified it 2 groups based on the median value. The median value was $28,800.<BR>  To decide best structure among them, maximum likelihood test was used. Resulting from market structure analysis, we find that the automobile market of USA is hierarchically structured in the form of "automobile type - purchasing cost". That is, result showed that automobile buyers considered function or usage first and purchasing cost next.<BR>  This study has some limitations in the analysis level and variable selection. First, in this study only type of the automobile and purchasing cost were as attributes considered for purchase. Considering other attributes is very needful. Because of the attributes considered, only 3 hypothetical structure could be analyzed. Second, due to the data, brand level analysis was tried. But model level analysis would be better because automobile buyers consider model not brand. To conduct model level study more cases should be obtained. That is for acquiring the better practical meaning, brand level analysis should be conducted when we consider the actual competition which occurred in the real market. Third, the variable selection for building nested logit model was very limited to some avaliable data. In spite of those limitations, the importance of this study lies in the trial of market structure analysis of durable good.

지적구조 규명을 위한 키워드서지결합분석 기법에 관한 연구

이재윤,정은경 한국정보관리학회 2022 정보관리학회지 Vol.39 No.1

Intellectual structure analysis, which quantitatively identifies the structure, characteristics, and sub-domains of fields, has rapidly increased in recent years. Analysis techniques traditionally used to conduct intellectual structure analysis research include bibliographic coupling analysis, co-citation analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and author bibliographic coupling analysis. This study proposes a novel intellectual structure analysis method, Keyword Bibliographic Coupling Analysis (KBCA). The Keyword Bibliographic Coupling Analysis (KBCA) is a variation of the author bibliographic coupling analysis, which targets keywords instead of authors. It calculates the number of references shared by two keywords to the degree of coupling between the two keywords. A set of 1,366 articles in the field of ‘Open Data’ searched in the Web of Science were collected using the proposed KBCA technique. A total of 63 keywords that appeared more than 7 times, extracted from 1,366 article sets, were selected as core keywords in the open data field. The intellectual structure presented by the KBCA technique with 63 key keywords identified the main areas of open government and open science and 10 sub-areas. On the other hand, the intellectual structure network of co-occurrence word analysis was found to be insufficient in the overall structure and detailed domain structure. This result can be considered because the KBCA sufficiently measures the relationship between keywords using the degree of bibliographic coupling. 학문의 구조, 특성, 하위 분야 등을 계량적으로 규명하는 지적구조 분석 연구가 최근 급격히 증가하는 추세이다. 지적구조 분석 연구를 수행하기 위하여 전통적으로 사용되는 분석기법은 서지결합분석, 동시인용분석, 단어동시출현분석, 저자서지결합분석 등이다. 이 연구의 목적은 키워드서지결합분석(KBCA, Keyword Bibliographic Coupling Analysis)을 새로운 지적구조 분석 방식으로 제안하고자 한다. 키워드서지결합분석 기법은 저자서지결합분석의 변형으로 저자 대신에 키워드를 표지로 하여 키워드가 공유한 참고문헌의 수를 두 키워드의 주제적 결합 정도로 산정한다. 제안된 키워드서지결합분석 기법을 사용하여 Web of Science에서 검색된 ‘Open Data’ 분야의 1,366건의 논문집합을 대상으로 분석하였다. 1,366건의 논문집합에서 추출된 7회 이상 출현한 63종의 키워드를 오픈데이터 분야의 핵심 키워드로 선정하였다. 63종의 핵심 키워드를 대상으로 키워드서지결합분석 기법으로 제시된 지적구조는 열린정부와 오픈사이언스라는 주된 영역과 10개의 소주제로 규명되었다. 이에 반해 단어동시출현분석의 지적구조 네트워크는 전체 구성과 세부 영역 구조 규명에 있어 미진한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 키워드서지결합분석이 키워드 간의 서지결합도를 사용하여 키워드 간의 관계를 풍부하게 측정하기 때문이라고 볼 수 있다.

모듈러 지중아치 구조 안전성 검토를 위한 간략 해석 및 평가방법에 관한 연구

권태윤,조광일,이원홍,안진희 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2022 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집 Vol.26 No.3

A modular underground arch structure using steel and concrete has been proposed as a structure that has a simple construction process and can effectively resist cross-sectional forces generated during construction and use. Structural behavior of modular underground arch was evaluated about span length less than 15m through 3D structural analysis and test. In general, 2D and 3D structural analysis methods may be applied for structural analysis such as underground arch and tunnels. However, if a 2D or 3D structural analysis method is applied to evaluate the structural safety of a modular underground arch structure, it is difficult to model for structural analysis and it may take an excessively long time to interpret. Therefore, it may not be reasonable as a structural analysis method for considering the structural safety and earth pressure in the design process of a modular underground arch structure. In addition, when a modular underground arch structure is configured for span lengths to which the predetermined cross-section is applicable, it may be reasonable to evaluate only the safety of the structure and cross-section according to the cross-section and load conditions. Therefore, in this study, a structural analysis model using frame elements was proposed for efficient structural safety evaluation. In addition, structural analysis results of the 2D structural analysis model and the simplified analysis model using frame elements were compared, and the structural safety of the modular underground arch structure for a span length of 20m was evaluated with a simplified analysis method. 모듈러 지중아치 구조는 시공과정이 단순하며 강재와 콘크리트를 이용하여 시공 및 공용 중에 발생하는 단면력에 대하여 효과적으로 저항할 수 있는 구조로 제안되어 15m 이하의 지간에 대하여 3차원 구조해석 및 실험을 통하여 구조적 거동이 평가되었다. 일반적으로 지중아치와 터널 등의 구조해석의 경우 2차원이나 3차원 구조해석 방법이 적용될 수 있다. 하지만, 모듈러 지중아치 구조의 구조적 안전성 평가를 위하여 2차원이나 3차원 구조해석 방법을 적용할 경우 구조해석을 위한 모형화가 어렵고, 해석시간이 과도하게 오래 걸릴 수 있으므로, 모듈러 지중아치 구조의 설계과정에서 필요한 구조 안전성 및 토압 등을 고려한 구조해석 방법으로는 합리적이지 않을 수 있다. 또한, 사전에 결정된 단면이 적용가능한 지간에 대하여 모듈러 지중아치 구조를 구성하는 경우 지간과 하중조건에 따른 단면과 구조적 안전성만을 평가하는 것이 합리적일 수 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 효율적인 구조 안전성 평가를 위하여 프레임 요소를 이용한 구조해석 모델을 제안하고, 2차원 구조해석모델과 프레임 요소를 이용한 간략해석모델의 구조해석 결과를 비교하였으며, 간략해석 방법을 이용하여 20m지간의 모듈러 지중아치 구조의 구조적 안전성을 평가하였다.

공간구문론과 GIS 통합 모델을 이용한 공간구조분석에 관한 연구 -당진시 합덕읍 일원을 대상으로-

윤정미 ( Jeong Mi Yun ) 한국지리정보학회 2012 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.15 No.3

기존의 공간구문론(Space Syntax)을 활용한 공간구조분석(Spatial Structure Analysis)은 가로망(road)에 관한 인자(factor)만을 활용하는 한계를 가지고 있기에, 가로망 인자만이 아닌 지역의 지역적 특성을 고려한 인자를 도출한 현실성 있는 공간구조 분석 방법이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구는 지역의 공간구조 특성인자를 도출하여 기존의 공간구문론과 GIS와의 통합모델을 구축하여 수정형 공간구조분석 방법을 제시하고 합덕읍 일원의 중심지역을 대상으로 공간구조분석을 수행하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 전문가 설문조사를 실시하여 지역의 공간구조 특성 요인 및 상대적 가중치를 도출하였고, 지역적 특성을 반영하는 인자로 가로망뿐만 아니라 용도지역, 지가, 건물의 밀집도 요인을 도출하였다. 분석 결과 합덕읍의 경우 도로만을 이용한 기존의 공간구조분석을 활용한 공간구조분석 방법이 실제적인 값을 반영하지 못한 것으로 분석되었고, 지역적 특성 인자를 추가하여 분석한 수정형 공간구조분석 결과가 합덕읍의 현실성을 잘 반영한 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 합덕읍과 같은 경우 개발 축에 따라 가로망이 변화되고 중심성이 변화되는 지역이 아니라, 효율성과 형평성에 의해 가로망이 형성되거나 쇠퇴로 인해 중심성이 변화된 지역이기에 이러한 지역의 경우 지역적 특성을 반영한 방법이 더 적합한 것으로 분석되었다. 향후 지역적 특성을 반영한 공간구조분석 인자 선정 및 파라미터 선정에 관한 더 깊은 연구가 필요하고 다른 지역을 대상으로 시뮬레이션하여, 모델에 대한 상호 검증 및 보완하는 과정이 필요할 것이다. The spatial structure analysis using the existing space syntax has a weakness only to apply the road factor. Hence, it is necessary to perform a new spatial structure analysis considering the regional characteristics factor as well as the road factor. The purpose of this study is to propose a modified spatial structure analysis which adopts road and regional characteristics factors using the existing space syntax and GIS and then to apply it to the spatial structure analysis of the urbanized areas in Hapdeok town. For the new analysis, the experts` survey has been conducted to derive the spatial structure factors of the area and their relative weights. Specifically, it drew the road factor as well as the regional characteristics factors such as road, district, land value, and building density. This study shows that the existing spatial structure analysis considering only the road factor does not reflect the actual spatial structure but the modified spatial structure analysis considering the road factor and the regional characteristics factors more accurately analyzes the spatial structure of Hapdeok town. Hapdeok is not an area where road networks were developed along main development axis and its centrality was changed, but an area where road networks were developed by effectiveness and equity and its centrality was changed by downtown decline, The towns like Hapdeok is more suitable for applying the modified spatial structure analysis method considering the regional characteristics factors. Further research is required for selecting characteristics factors and appropriate parameters in the modified spatial structure analysis. Further case studies await in other cities for conducting its verification.

비선형 구조 시스템에서의 효율적인 공력/구조 연계 해석 기법 연구

김의영,장성민,김정화,박경현,조맹효,이동호 한국항공우주학회 2012 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2012 No.4

비행체 구조 시스템의 설계에서는 공기력에 의해 변형이 발생하고 이에 따라 다시 공기력이 변하기 때문에 공력/구조 연계 해석을 필요로 한다. 그러나 발생하는 변형이 비선형 구조 해석을 요구할 정도로 클 때, 선형 시스템에서와 같이 공력 해석과 구조 해석을 순차적으로 반복하는 것은 바람직하지 않다. 구조적 변형에 따라 변하는 공기력을 고려하지 못하여 결과가 정확하지 않기 때문이다. 본 연구는 공력장 내부의 비선형 구조의 거동을 정확하고 효율적으로 예측할 수 있는 공력/구조 연계 해석기법을 다룬다. 비선형 구조 해석 단계 도중에 주기적으로 공력 해석을 통한 외력 업데이트를 수행하였고, 고세장비의 유연날개를 가지는 글로벌 호크 모델을 사용하여 다양한 기법의 비선형 공력/구조 연계 해석의 결과를 비교하였다. Fluid/structure interaction (FSI) analysis is necessary to predict the response of a system in which aerodynamic pressure causes deformation of the structure, and vice versa. In dealing with a nonlinear behavior of the structure, however, a simple iterative algorithm of aerodynamic analysis with structure analysis yields no accurate results since aerodynamic pressure need to be changed in accordance with the deformation of structures. In this paper, we explore an efficient and accurate method for integrating FSI analysis into structural nonlinear systems. During the course of nonlinear structure analysis, loading conditions are periodically updated by aerodynamic analysis. The accuracy and efficiency of the method will be demonstrated with a high-aspect-ratio flexible wing of Global Hawk.

SUMO 시뮬레이션을 활용한 실시간 조건반영 모의실험 환경구축 연구

오상태,김진태 한국도로학회 2022 한국도로학회 학술대회 발표논문 초록집 Vol.2022 No.03

영ㆍ한 번역의 명제적 순차번역에 관한 연구

김재명 忠州大學校 2008 한국교통대학교 논문집 Vol.43 No.-

The translating process consists of three stages: analysis in which the surface structure of a source language text is backtransformed into the underlying structure, transfer in which the underlying structure of the source language text moves over into that of the target language text, and restructuring in which the underlying structure of the target language is transformed forward into its surface structure with the consideration of linguistic style. It is important how deeply the surface structure of a source language should be analyzed to meet the practical requirements for a proper translation. Unmarked structure analysis is proposed to provide a clear analysis of the semantic relations in the source language text and to get the natural formation of lexical and syntactic structures in the target language. It is consists of lexical unmarked structure analysis and syntactic unmarked structure analysis. The former involves the transforming of the marked members back to unmarked members, both of which belong to the same word group of the same lexical root. The latter involves the transformation of the marked surface syntactic structure into the unmarked syntactic structure. The proposed unmarked structure analysis is designed to make as similar as possible the widely different surface syntactic structures of English and Korean so that English might be transferred smoothly and naturally into Korean. Native speakers of English are supposed to talk in the order of thinking. This indicates that translations should be made in the order of information unit. It can be called sequential translation which means reproducing English texts into Korean according to the propositional order. Unmarked structure approach contributes to the benefit of sequential translation.

요한복음 '프롤로그'(1:1-18)의 중심축으로서의 '믿음'

고병찬(Go, Byung Chan) 한국복음주의신약학회 2010 신약연구 Vol.9 No.1

The analysis of the structure of the Prologue is so fascinating that it has been approached with a wide variety of methods such as historical-critical analysis, literary analysis, structural analysis, and even sequential reading. In historical-critical analysis, the efforts to find the original form of the Prologue both eradicated some passages from the Prologue, and also elucidated the theme of 'Logos'. On the other hand, using a literary approach, scholars have studied the present form of the Prologue itself and analyzed it by using various literary methods such as parallelism, chiasm, and complementary structures. Their painstaking research has identified various structures and themes with in the Prologue. The results of those studies indicate that the structure of the Prologue is not as simple as it was previously thought to be. Thus the complex structure of the Prologue will be indicated in this paper and complex chiastic structure will be proposed as its complex structure. In complex chiastic structure, the macro structure of the Prologue is formulated as the A-B-C-D-C´-B´-A´ and the micro structure is described with various types of parallelism and various patterns of chiastic structure. This complex chiastic structure will demonstrate the theme of 'Belief' as the pivotal concept in the Prologue and the correlation between 'Belief' and 'Logos', inter alia, 'Belief' in the 'Logos'.

터널구조물의 내진해석

이인모,안대진 사단법인 한국터널지하공간학회 2001 한국터널지하공간학회논문집 Vol.3 No.4

Generally, it has been noted that underground structures have a consistent record of suffering much less damage thansurface facilities during earthquakes; but it is still necessar subject to earthquake loadings and to provide the appropriate m ethod for the seismic analysis of underground tunnelstructures since many types of underground structures have been and will be constructed in countries situated withinground tunnel structures are performed by using quasi-static analysis method and dynamic analysis method. Second, se ismic analyses in tunnel portals are performed by usingabove methods. The results of seismic analyses for the tunnel s tructure show that the tunnel structure conforms toground deformation and that seismic design by using the quasi-s tatic analysis method is more conservative than that byusing the dynamic analysis. The results of the dynamic FEM anal ysis for the tunnel structure show that the simplified 2-is can be adopted for seismic analysis. Finally, theresults of the dynamic FEM analysis in tunnel portals show that the force acting on the lining is largest near to thetunnel portal when an earthquake wave propagates parallel to tu nnel axis.

관통구를 갖는 판구조물의 강도평가 방법에 관한 연구

김을년,장준태 대한조선학회 2017 大韓造船學會 論文集 Vol.54 No.6

The purpose of this paper is to verify the structural integrity of a region with numerous penetration-holes in offshore structures such as semi-submersible rig and FPSO. In order to effectively check the yielding and buckling strength of plate members with penetration-holes, a screening analysis program was developed with the FE analysis tool to generate fine meshed model using the theoretical and analysis methods. When a hole is appeared in the plate structure members, the flow of stress is altered such that concentrations of stress form near the hole. Stress concentrations are of concern during both preliminary and detail design and need to be addressed from the perspectives of strength. To configure the geometrical shape, very fine meshed FE analysis is needed as the most accurate method. However, this method is practically impossible to apply for the strength verifications for all perforated plates. In this paper, screening analysis method was introduced to reduce analysis tasks prior to detailed FE analysis. This method is applied to not only the peak stress calculation combined stress concentration factor with nominal stress but also nominal equivalent stress calculation considering cutout effects. The areas investigated by very fine meshed analysis were to be chosen through screening analysis without any reinforcements for penetration-holes. If screening analysis results did not satisfy the acceptance criteria, direct FE analysis method as the 2nd step approach were applied with one of the coarse meshed model considering hole or with the very fine meshed model considering the hole shape and size. In order to effectively perform the local fine meshed analysis, automatic model generating program was developed based on the MSC/PATRAN which is pre-post FE analysis program. Buckling strength was also evaluated by Common Structure Rule (CSR) adopted by IACS as the stress obtained from very fine meshed FE analysis. Due to development of the screening analysis program and automatic FE modeling program, it was able to reduce the design periods and structural analysis costs.