Size Specification for Customized Production Size and 3D Avatar : An Apparel Industry Case Study

Choi, Young Lim The Society of Fashion and Textile Industry 2015 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Fashion industry has tried to adopt the virtual garment technology to reduce the time and effort spent on sample creation. For garment manufacturers to adopt the virtual garment technology as an alternative to sample creation, 3D avatars that meet the needs of each brand should be developed. Virtual garment softwares that are available in the market provide avatars with standardized body models and allow to modify the size by manually entering size specifications. This study proposed a methodology to develop size specifications for 3D avatars as well as brand-customized production sizes. For this, a man's fashion brand which is using virtual garment technology is selected. And the Size Korea database is used to develop size specification based on the customers' body shape. This study developed regression equations on body size specifications, which in turn proposed a regression model to proportionately change size specifications of 3D fitting-models. Based on the each body size calculated by the regression model, a standard model is created, and the skeleton-skin algorithm is applied to the regression model to obtain the results of size changes. Then, the 3D model sizes are tested for size changes as well as measured, which verifies that the regression model reflects body size changes.

온라인 의류 쇼핑 사이트의 제품 사이즈 정보 실태 분석 - 여성용 바지를 중심으로 -

이아람,김희은 한국의류산업학회 2022 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.24 No.1

This study aims to analyze the sizing information of women's ready-to-wear pants as indicated on online retail websites and to suggest better sizing communication that can assist customers in making successful apparel size selections. We gathered size specifications and size reference information for basic straight pants from 34 online apparel retail websites. Although the Korean standard recommends labeling the body dimension-based sizing code and specification, most websites preferred to use various types of sizing codes. Body measurements were only used by a few websites, and garment dimension descriptions were the most common method to indicate product size. Many websites provided size reference information through customer review boards and fit model images, however, there was insufficient body size information to allow customers to infer the fit of their body type. When using the size guidance tools, the major data input points were stature and weight measurements. However, the waist mea- surements of pants sizes guided only by stature and weight values revealed inconsistent ease allowance for cor- responding body size populations, especially in the overweight group. Based on our findings, we propose a more effective method of communicating the size information of pants online. We expect that this will contribute to the efficiency of online apparel product display and build a better shopping environment that satisfies both sellers and consumers.

SIZE SYSTEM STATUS OF DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL CYCLE WEAR BRANDS

Hyun-jeong Park,Wol-hee Do 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2015 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2015 No.06

This study investigates the size marking differences in domestic and international cycle wear brands offered in Korea and provides basic material to develop a size system for cycle wear suitable for the Korean somatotype. Study methods include size systems suggested in the web-sites of domestic and international cycle wear brands offered in Korea. Brands used for the study included 8 brands (3 domestic brands, 2 Italian brands, 1 Australian brand, 1 Swiss brand and 1 Japanese brand). The results of this study were as follows. Domestic brand A company marked the size from 85 to 110 based on height(cm) and weight(kg) and indicated the actual size of the product for customers to refer to. Domestic brand B company marked the size from ES:85 to 2XL:110 based on height(cm) and weight(kg), Domestic brand C company marked unisex size from XS to XXL based on weight(kg) and height(cm) and waist circumference(inch)with a separately marked women size XS-M. Italian brand, D company marked size from S-4XL for men based on height, chest, waist, hip circumference size(cm) and XS-2XL for women. Italian brand F company marked size from S-3XL for men and XS-XL for women based on chest, waist and hip circumference size(cm). Japanese brand G company marked size fromS-3L for men based on height, chest, waist circumference size(cm) and S-XL for women based on height, chest, waist and hip circumference size(cm). Australian brand H company marked sizes as XS-XXL based on chest circumference size(cm) for upper clothes for men and for women XXS-XL. For bottom clothes, they marked sizes XS-XXL for men based on waist circumference size(inch) and XXS-XL for women based on waist and hip circumference size(inch). Swiss brand, I company marked men sizes as XS-XLG and TIR based on a chest circumference size(cm) based on height(cm) for bottom clothes and chest circumference size(cm) for upper clothes with XS-XL for women based on a hip circumference size(cm) for bottom clothes and chest circumference size(cm) for upper clothes. In conclusion, domestic brands have a wide range of sizes and utilize a range of weight against height to cover various body somatotype. The Italian brand indicated that S size is bigger than other brands when it comes to deviation and a relatively small size tolerance with each size. Japanese brands have a well-organized size system based on height and basic body measurements. Australian brand are variously distributed without regular dimension tolerances for each size and Swiss brands have bigger round sizes. The investigation of size marking for domestic and international cycle wear showed that cm and inch are combined and that each country has a different size system with significant difference in dimension and size deviation. Thus, there is a need to establish standards and develop a domestic size system for international cycle wear and the purchase of overseas brands. However, it has the limitation in generalization of results because there is a little investigation brand.

Research : Size Specification for Customized Production Size and 3D Avatar: An Apparel Industry Case Study

( Young Lim Choi ) 한국의류산업학회 2015 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Fashion industry has tried to adopt the virtual garment technology to reduce the time and effort spent on sample creation. For garment manufacturers to adopt the virtual garment technology as an alternative to sample creation, 3D avatars that meet the needs of each brand should be developed. Virtual garment softwares that are available in the market provide avatars with standardized body models and allow to modify the size by manually entering size specifications. This study proposed a methodology to develop size specifications for 3D avatars as well as brand-customized production sizes. For this, a man``s fashion brand which is using virtual garment technology is selected. And the Size Korea database is used to develop size specification based on the customers`` body shape. This study developed regression equations on body size specifications, which in turn proposed a regression model to proportionately change size specifications of 3D fitting-models. Based on the each body size calculated by the regression model, a standard model is created, and the skeleton skin algorithm is applied to the regression model to obtain the results of size changes. Then, the 3D model sizes are tested for size changes as well as measured, which verifies that the regression model reflects body size changes.

Size Specification for Customized Production Size and 3D Avatar : An Apparel Industry Case Study

최영림 한국의류산업학회 2015 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Fashion industry has tried to adopt the virtual garment technology to reduce the time and effort spent on sample creation. For garment manufacturers to adopt the virtual garment technology as an alternative to sample creation, 3D avatars that meet the needs of each brand should be developed. Virtual garment softwares that are available in the market provide avatars with standardized body models and allow to modify the size by manually entering size specifications. This study proposed a methodology to develop size specifications for 3D avatars as well as brand-customized production sizes. For this, a man's fashion brand which is using virtual garment technology is selected. And the Size Korea database is used to develop size specification based on the customers' body shape. This study developed regression equations on body size specifications, which in turn proposed a regression model to proportionately change size specifications of 3D fitting-models. Based on the each body size calculated by the regression model, a standard model is created, and the skeleton-skin algorithm is applied to the regression model to obtain the results of size changes. Then, the 3D model sizes are tested for size changes as well as measured, which verifies that the regression model reflects body size changes.

플러스 사이즈 모델의 지각된 사이즈가 신체 만족에 미치는 영향 - 지각된 유사성과 신체 사이즈 변화 가능성에 대한 암묵적 신념의 조절된 매개 효과-

김선우,양수진 한국복식학회 2023 服飾 Vol.73 No.2

The use of size-inclusive advertising in Western fashion markets has been well-received by consumers. However, the effect of such advertising on South Korean consumers has yet to be fully understood. To ad- dress this gap, we investigated the effect of inclusive advertising using plus-size models in the South Korean fashion market. Specifically, we examined the influence of perceived size of a plus-size model and perceived similarity to a plus-size model on body satisfaction, considering the moderated mediation effect of implicit belief about the malleability of body sizes. Data were collected through an online survey administered to 307 South Korean women in their 20s and 30s and analyzed using the SPSS Process Macro. Our findings show that perceived size of a plus-size model had a negative impact on body satisfaction. Furthermore, perceived similarity to a plus-size model mediated this causal relationship. We also discovered that the mediated rela- tionship was moderated by implicit belief about the malleability of body sizes. This study highlights that, unlike Western consumers, South Korean consumers still respond unfavorably to size-inclusive fashion advertising featuring plus-size models. Therefore, differentiated advertising strategies are necessary for this market.

우리나라 마케팅 연구의 효과 크기 (Effect Size)에 대한 메타 분석

나운봉(Woon Bong Na),박찬욱(Chan Wook Park) 한국마케팅학회 2006 마케팅연구 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구는 소비자 연구에 있어서, 단순히 유의성에 대한 통계 분석을 보고하는 것 이외에 연구 효과의 크기(effect size)를 측정함으로써 연구의 내적ㆍ외적 타당성을 높일 수 있음을 제시하고 있다. 연구 효과의 크기의 측정은 연구 결과에 대한 해석을 보다 원활하게 해줄 뿐 아니라 연구 성과를 비교 평가하는 데에도 매우 유용한 수단임을 밝혔다. 본 연구에서는 연구 효과의 크기 측정을 위하여 기존 연구에서 제시한 바와 같이 ω2을 사용하였다. 분석 결과 특이한 점 중의 하나는 우리나라의 경우 일부 학술지의 경우에는 효과의 크기가 상당히 크게 나왔지만 대부분의 학술지에서는 미국의 기존 연구보다 약간 높은 수준으로 나타났다는 점이다. 전체적으로 미국의 경우에 비해 효과의 크기가 약 0.03 정도 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 한국의 경우는 대학생과 실험실 상황에서 높은 연구효과 결과가 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과는 미국의 연구 결과와는 상반된 것으로 매우 한국적인 현상이라고 판단된다. 그러나 주 연구주제와 상호 효과에서는 한국에서도 미국의 연구 결과와 같은 패턴을 보였다. 즉, 미국의 연구에서 지적된 바와 같이 연구자의 관심이 많은 부분에 좀 더 효과의 크기가 크게 나타나는 것으로 나타났다. 효과 측정 방법론적인 문제에서는 ω2, r의 경우는 체계적인 분포를 보이는 것으로 나타났으나, d의 경우는 분포가 다소 다르게 나타났다. 분석 방법에 따른 효과의 차이에서도, 한국의 경우 t분석의 경우에 F보다 효과크기의 큼의 비중이 높게 나타나고 있는데 미국의 경우에는 이러한 문제가 지적되지 않고 있으므로, 이러한 점이 한국의 특유 상황으로 보아야 할 것인지의 여부도 지속적으로 살펴 볼 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다. The present investigation provides insights into the benefits of using effect size measurements with tests of significance; showing that effect size is a useful index of exactly what an experiment has accomplished across experiments. Effect size can not only facilitate the interpretation of research findings but can also allow valid comparison of results between studies. Here, the most widely used index of effect size in marketing studies, Hay`s Omega Squared (ω2), has been employed to measure effect size across a range of marketing experiments reported in Korean journals. Although there are a few exceptions, most results surveyed show only a small effect size. Compared to the results of American studies, however, Korean studies report higher effect sizes, by about .03. We find that Korean data demonstrates higher effect sizes in the case of college students and laboratory studies while USA data have higher effect size for non-college student samples and field studies. Main effects in Korean studies show high ω2 values than interaction effects; this finding is consistent with those in the USA. It is not surprising that larger effect sizes are associated more with main effect than interaction effects probably because researchers are generally more interested in the main than the interaction effect. The alternative effect size indexes Pearson`s coefficient (r) and Cohen`s index (d) were also calculated. Pearson`s r shows a very similar distribution to ω2 but d shows a rather different distribution. The study also compares the effect size distribution for various test statistics such as t, F and Chi2 The effect size for t test statistics is significantly larger than that for the F cases.

유치원 학급규모의 적정성에관한 연구

정계영,박은혜 한국영유아교원교육학회 2008 유아교육학논집 Vol.12 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine the actual condition of the kindergarten class size, and to find out what is the appropriate class size to improve the quality of children education and to maximize the educational effect. For this study, in 2007, searched the class size of kindergarten and how is the teachers' understanding for size different by the children's age. And also searched the patterns of interaction between teacher and children and the difference of the quality by the class size. The research questions are the followings: (1) How is the present situation of the class size according to children's age in Korea?; How do teachers feel about the class size according to their children ages?; How much is the proper class size?; (2) Does the class size affect the interaction between teacher and children in teaching and learning setting in kindergarten? The results of study were the followings. First, the numbers of children in kindergartens in Korea were in average: (1) class for age 3 was 21; (2) age 4 was 25; (3) and age 5 was 27. It appeared that the number of children grew as they got older. The teacher's ratio was in average: (1) one teacher per 12 children in class of age 3; (2) one teacher per 14 children in class of age 4; (3) one teacher per 14.5 children. The number of children revealed by the study is higher than NAEYC standards and OECD countries, which results in the high ratio between teachers and children. The ratio was variable from institutions and reigns where they are located. Second, most teachers responded that class size was too large and considered idealistically a small class with 13-18 children at age 3, 15-20 children at age 4, and 16-21 children at age 5. They found it difficult to having meaningful interaction with children and individualizing instruction to children in a developmentally appropriate way. Third, there existed different types of interaction between teacher and children in accordance with classes of different size. More meaningful and intensive interactions were observed in smaller classes. It is necessary to reduce the number of children in class at all age for positive interaction of a teacher-children. Fourth, in correlation analysis the large classes were associated negatively with the quality of interaction between teachers and children. It is also need to reduce the number of children in class at all age for high interaction in quality. 본 연구는 우리나라 유치원의 연령별 학급규모 실태와 그에 대한 교사들의 인식을 살펴보고, 이와 시․도 교육청에서 정한 학급당 원아수의 전국 평균을 근거로 선정된 유치원에서의 교사-유아 상호작용을 관찰함으로써 우리나라 유치원의 현 학급규모가 교사-유아 상호작용의 측면에서 어느 정도 적정한가를 살펴보는 것이다. 설문조사 결과 유치원의 현 학급규모는 만 3세 학급은 약 21명, 만 4세 학급은 약 25명, 만 5세 학급은 약 27명으로 나타났다. 교사들은 유아와의 상호작용의 측면에서 현 학급규모가 너무 크다고 인식하고 있었고, 만 3세는 13명~18명, 만 4세는 15명~20명, 만 5세는 16명~21명을 적정 학급규모로 제안했다. 교사-유아 상호작용 관찰결과는 학급규모가 커질수록 긍정적인 상호작용은 줄어들고, 상호작용의 질은 낮아졌으며, 만 4세의 경우는 시․도 교육청에서 정한 학급당 원아수의 조정이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

Effects of Particle Size and Gelatinization of Job’s Tears Powder on the Instant Properties

Sung-Hee Han,Soo-Jea Park,Seog-Won Lee,Chul Rhee 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.15 No.1

The effects of particle sizes (small, medium and large sizes) and gelatinization treatment on the changes of the instant properties of Job’s tears powder were investigated. The degree of gelatinization on the different particle size samples of Job’s tears powder was the highest in the small particle size, and it also showed an increasing trend regardless of pregelatinizing whether it is or not as the particle size decreased from large particle size to small particle size. The water solubility index of the pregelatinized samples was high compared to that of ungelatinized samples regardless of particle size and temperatures. The water absorption and swelling power increased as particle size and temperature were increased. The dispersibility and sinkability of ungelatinized sample was increased as particle size and temperature were increased and it also showed lower value regardless of particle size and temperature. However, the dispersibility and sinkability of pregelatinized samples were shown to have the opposite result, such that the smallest particle size of pregelatinized sample had the lowest sinkability (11.3%). The turbidity of the pregelatinized small particle size was the highest by a factor of 1.08.

모바일 기기에서의 화면크기와 글자크기가 가독성에 미치는 효과

김민지(Minjee Kim),안성희(Sung Hee Ahn),강율빈(Youlbeen Kang),지수찬(Soo-chan Jee),김선도(Sondo Kim),박지환(Ji Hwan Park),신훈식(Hunsik Shin),윤명환(Myung-Hwan Yun) 한국HCI학회 2016 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.1

최근 다양한 활동이 이루어지고 있는 모바일 기기에서의 가독성은 제품의 품질을 결정짓는 주요한 요인으로 자리잡고 있다. 모바일 기기에서의 가독성은 화면크기에 따라 영향을 받으며, 화면의 크기는 글자크기와 상호 교환적 관계에 있다. 본 연구에서는 모바일 기기에서의 화면 크기와 글자크기가 가독성에 미치는 효과를 한글을 통해 알아보고자 한다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 세 가지 크기의 모바일 기기에서의 다섯 가지 글자크기에 대한 읽기시간을 측정하는 실험을 피험자 33 명을 대상으로 진행하였다. 실험 분석 결과, 화면크기와 글자크기에 따른 교호작용이 나타났다. 화면크기 소와 중에서는 글자크기 2.4mm 에서 가장 빠른 읽기시간을 보였으며 2.6mm 에서는 가장 느린 읽기시간을 보였다. 화면크기 대에서는 글자크기 2.6mm 에서 가장 빠른 읽기시간을 보였으며 2.2mm 에서 가장 느린 읽기시간을 보였다. 따라서 최적의 읽기 수행능력을 위해서는 화면크기가 달라짐에 따라 글자크기 또한 다르게 적용되어야 한다. 본 연구의 실험결과는 설계자와 사용자가 화면크기와 글자크기에 대한 선택을 하는데 가이드가 될 수 있을 것이다. Activities with smart devices have been more complicated and diversified, and font legibility is the major factor that influences these activities both directly and indirectly. The legibility of the devices is affected by display size, which is related to font size on the display. This study investigated the effect of display size and font size of Korean letter on readability of mobile devices. This study measured readability by examining reading time for three different display size with five different font sizes from 33 participants. We analyzed the main effect of display size and font size, as well as their interaction effect. The result showed that there was a significant interaction effect between display size and font size. On small display and medium display, the reading time was the shortest in font size 2 .4mm, and the longest in font size 2.6mm. On large display, the reading time was the shortest in font size 2 .6mm, and the longest in font size 2.2mm. The result of this study will help designers and users in selecting the display and font size.