유니버설디자인 관점의 교통안전 개선방안 -어린이보호구역 내 교통안전시설물을 중심으로-

송영민 ( Youngmin Song ) 한국공간디자인학회 2016 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.11 No.6

The street that is used in daily life is a public facility for which the entire street environment should provide safety and convenience. For this purpose, the universal design connected to the concept of “design for all” has been introduced to the public area. Local governments have established the ordinance of universal design and have promoted a child-friendly city that includes the safety and convenience of streets as a part of the way in which to secure children`s human rights. Therefore, this study tried to determine whether the public facility for traffic safety provides safety and convenience from the viewpoint of universal design. The purpose of this study was to check and analyze the traffic safety facility in the school zone and propose a way to improve the traffic safety from the viewpoint of universal design. (Method)First, the study considered the concept and principles of universal design, child-friendly cities, school zones, and public facilities related to traffic safety. Second, the study checked the laws and guidelines related to universal design. Third, the present study researches the current status of traffic safety facilities through a case study to grasp the associated problems in the ordinance related to child safety and public design guidelines. Fourth, the study proposes a way to improve children`s traffic safety based on the concept of a child-friendly city, the ordinances related to child safety, and public design guidelines. (Results)With regard to the traffic safety facility in the school zone, the study proposes a way to improve the traffic safety from the aspect of implementing system from the plan, design, and maintenance aspects within the framework of universal design. First, consultations need to be pushed forward depending on the installing party and installation period. Specifically, it is necessary to map out a comprehensive facility plan for the entire district unit in the project-planning phase in tandem with the procedure for prior consultation involving each relevant organization and a subsequent consultation that aims to guarantee follow-up actions occur, such as alteration actions, etc., after installation. Second, the residents` regional solidarity activities should be promoted to ensure active repair and continuous maintenance. Third, public facilities that are installed by many different organizations need to be covered by an integration plan at the central government level. Local governments should incorporate public facility integration plans into sub-plans related to public design and develop a design encompassing the distinctive identity and safety functions of respective regions. Local governments should incorporate public facility integration plans into sub-plans related to public design. (Conclusions)Based on the aforesaid results of this study, public facilities in school zones designated to safeguard children from road traffic accidents should be installed and managed in such a way so as to ensure a continuous cycle of design, construction, and follow-up management with strong interest and active participation from local communities through cooperation among relevant organizations.

오산시 어린이 보호구역 보행안전 확보방안 연구

빈미영,김성하,김병관,손슬기,우리종합기술 경기연구원 2020 정책연구 Vol.- No.-

This is a municipal policy research to suggest an improvement strategy on the basis of the problems of transportation safety in school zones in the city of Osan. The reformed Road Traffic Act made a recent issue of the obligatory installation of transportation safety facilities in school zones and the strengthened punishment of drivers’ illegal action. School zones crowded with children commuting to schools should guarantee the pedestrian safety against the car traffic. The city of Osan requested a study of the improvement of school zone environments of four schools. The current study derived improvement strategies from an evaluation of the transportation safety of four elementary schools, a statistical analysis of children traffic accidents, and an investigation of the reformed act. The statistical analysis shows that the children traffic accident in the city of Osan annually increases by 12.5%, and the children traffic accident in school zones of the city increases by 31.6% per year. Traffic accidents in school zones are most often caused by a traffic signal violation at the intersection. Traffic accidents also take place mostly when children go home back from school in the afternoon than when they go to school in the morning. Children’s school commuting is normally well cared in the morning but not that well in the afternoon. The four elementary schools investigated by the current study were Semi elementary school, Hwaseong elementary school, Sungho elementary school, and OsanGohyeon elementary school. The study identified the problems and derived improvement strategies by conducting a field survey on school walkways and interviewing school personnel. More specifically, the study first suggested safety, amenity, self-regulation, and sustainability as the four principles that the city of Osan should consider for the pedestrian safety of children. Second, the study suggested an improvement strategy of transportation safety facilities in school zones focusing on the four elementary schools, and arranged the basis on which the governmental expenditure and the provincial budget can be implemented. Based on this, transportation safety facilities were suggested while distinguishing between essential and recommended facilities. Also, transportation safety facilities to be improved by each school were recommended. The investigation of the adequacy and necessity of transportation safety facilities revealed that approx. 26.2% of the total facilities should be improved. Third, the study suggested six projects of the pedestrian safety of children. The paper suggested the projects that the city of Osan should implement in corpore, which are assigning the safe pedestrian passages, developing the safe pedestrian maps of our community, supporting the employment to guide the safe parking of the cram school shuttles, and intensifying the crackdown of illegal parking in school zones. The paper also suggested the projects that the central government should implement. They include the projects of delineating the criteria to change existing transportation safety facilities and to install transportation safety facilities according to the types of policy effects.

IPA를 통한 어린이보호구역 교통안전 시설물 평가 - 부산광역시를 중심으로

송수정,정지효,김회경 한국도로학회 2025 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.27 No.2

This study aims to evaluate traffic safety facilities in school zones in Busan Metropolitan City through Importance-Performance Analysis. This study investigated the traffic safety facilities in nine school zones, which have relatively more traffic accidents in Busan Metropolitan City from 2020 to 2022, through a field study and an Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP). It identified their performance(i.e., compliance rate) and importance to derive measures for the improvement of traffic safety facilities in school zones. The field study showed that the compliance rate of starting points among traffic safety signs was low, and no speed limits were complied with the installation regulations among traffic road markings, but road safety facilities were generally well managed and operated. As a result of AHP, the order of importance was road safety facilities, traffic safety signs, and traffic road markings. More specifically, speed bumps, safety signs, and crosswalks were found to be more important than others in road safety facilities, traffic safety signs, and traffic road markings, respectively. Importance- Performance(compliance) Analysis revealed that the traffic safety facilities necessary to be most urgently improved are starting points. This result can be resorted to underlying measures to determine priorities for installing and operating traffic safety facilities in school zones.

아동대상 범죄안전을 위한 보호구역 지정에 관한 연구

이경훈;안은희 경찰대학교 2010 경찰학연구 Vol.10 No.1

The main objective of this study is to establish effective policies that protects children from crime by securing children safety zones through the proposals of spatial boundaries and other designated procedures and operating systems. With the consideration of existing theories, results from other previous studies, and the analysis of children's facilities, as well as statistical data in regards to crime directed towards children, the characteristics associated with the crime and the actual spatial surroundings around the children's facilities with frequent occurrences of crime were investigated. Surprisingly, the most crimes directed towards children were occurred at around the residence and schools, and the result of analysis strongly implies that effective measures to protect children against crime around the school area should be taken. This study also conducted survey targeted towards citizens residing in urban districts, asking the attitude and awareness of the citizens in relation to children safety zones. Questionnaire survey was conducted for two weeks, and 402 questionnaires were collected and used in the analysis. It was found that citizens aware the seriousness of crime directed towards children, and also feel the necessity of designating child safety zone against crime around school. 45.1% of respondents answered that proper spatial range of safety zone is 1 Km radius. Concerning the procedure of designating child safety zone, 45.0% of respondents answered that local authority should designate child safety zone without agreement of parents if the risk of crime is assessed to be high. Based on the analysis of literature review and questionnaire survey, proper range of the children safety zones and designation procedures for the children safety zones were proposed. Considering current average travel distances of children from their residences to their schools is 280 meter in metropolitan cities, and 374 meter in medium sized cities respectively, and 36.4% of crimes directed towards children were occurred in the 300 meter radius, it was proposed to designate child safety zone within 300-500 meter range according to the surrounding context of schools. Also, it was proposed that the chief officer of local police department designate child safety zone by the request of the principal of elementary schools.

실태조사를 통한 연안역 안전의 문제점 및 개선방향에 관한 소고-안전기준

이규세,성익현,배상원,임남형 한국방재학회 2011 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.11 No.2

Recently, the risk of safety accidents in the coastal zone has been increased due to revitalization of marine leisure and tourism. The effective measures, however, to prevent safety accidents in the coastal zone have not taken with increasing rate of the accidents. The nature of land and sea should be taken into account properly when the countermeasures to prevent the safety accidents in the coastal zone are devised, since the characteristics of land and sea are mixed in the environmental condition of the coastal zone. Through the field survey, this study analyzes the current problems on the safety in the coastal zone. Also, it suggests the future direction of the safety standards in the coastal zone on the basis of the safety improvement direction in the coastal zone. 최근 해양 레포츠와 관광의 활성화로 연안역에서의 안전사고 위험은 더욱 증가하고 있다. 그러나 연안역 안전사고를 방지하기 위한 대책이 안전사고의 증가속도에 적절하게 대응하지 못하고 있다. 연안역의 환경은 육역과 해역의 특성이 혼재된 복합 환경조건이므로 연안역 안전사고 대책방안 수립 시에는 육역과 해역의 특성이 적절히 고려되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 현장실태조사를 통해 연안역 안전에 대한 현 문제점을 분석하였으며 연안역 안전의 개선방향을 근거로 연안역 안전기준 정립방향을 제안하였다.

카노(KANO)모델을 이용한 어린이보호구역 안전시설 기능 도출

나호혁(NA, Hohyuk),강지혜(KANG, Jihye),김도경(KIM, Do-Gyeong) 대한교통학회 2022 대한교통학회지 Vol.40 No.3

어린이보호구역은 어린이의 안전을 위해 속도저감, 보호구역 알림, 무단횡단 및 주정차 금지기능 등을 가진 다양한 안전시설이 설치되고 있다. 그러나 이런 노력에도 불구하고 어린이 보호구역 내 사고건수는 지속적인 증가추세를 보이고 있어 어린이보호구역에 설치되는 안전시설의 기능이 제대로 발휘되고 있는지에 대한 제고가 필요한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 상품기획 분야에서 주로 사용되는 분석기법인 카노(KANO)모델과 고객만족계수를 사용하여, 어린이보호구역에서의 안전성을 증진시키기 위해 필요한 가장 기본적이고 필수적인 시설물이 무엇인지를 고찰해보고자 한다. 일반인 운전자 172명을 대상으로 실시된 인터넷 기반 설문조사를 통해 총 18개의 도로 및 교통안전시설을 역품질 요소를 제외한 4가지의 품질요소로 구분하였다. 그 결과 3개의 매력적 요소, 7개의 당연적 요소, 3개의 일원적 요소, 그리고 5개의 무관심 요소로 구분되었으며, 역품질 요소로 구분된 시설은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그 후 당연적 요소 및 일원적 요소로 분류된 총 10개의 도로 및 교통안전시설을 대상으로 시설물별 중요도를 도출하기 위해 고객만족계수를 적용하였고, 중요도가 높다고 판단된 상위 3개 시설은 속도제한표지판, 신호 및 과속단속카메라, 어린이보호구역 노면표시인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통해 어린이보호구역 내 어린이 안전성을 증진시키기 위해 필요한 가장 기본적이고 필수적인 안전시설을 도출할 수 있었으며, 개별 안전시설의 우선순위 또한 결정할 수 있었다. 이런 결과는 향후 안전개선사업에 투자할 예산이 제약된 상황에서 한정된 예산을 효율적으로 투자하여 어린이보호구역의 안전성을 향상시키는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다. The number of accidents occurred in school zones continues to increase despite the fact that school zones are protected with various safety facilities for the purpose of enhancing the safety of children, indicating that the functions of safety facilities installed in school zones need to be reconsider in terms of enhancing safety. With new analytical techniques such as KANO model and Customer Satisfaction Coefficients, which are widely used in the field of product planning, this study aims to discover some implications for installing safety facilities to efficiently reduce crash frequencies. Eighteen safety facilities were classified into four quality elements based on web-based survey data obtained from 172 drivers: three Attractive element, seven Must-be element, three One-dimensional element, and five Indifferent element. After that, the importance of 10 safety facilities classified into Must-be element and One-dimensional element were analyzed through Customer Satisfaction Coefficients. The top three facilities with the highest importance were found to be speed limit signs, enforcement cameras, and road markings for school zones. The major findings of this study are as follows: the most fundamental and essential safety facilities necessary for the proper functioning of the school zones to enhance children’s safety were identified and the priority of essential safety facilities were determined. These findings might be expected to enable us to install safety facilities efficiently in a budget constrained environment.

아동대상 범죄안전을 위한 보호구역 지정에 관한 연구

이경훈(Lee Kyung Hoon),안은희(An Eun Hee) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2010 경찰학연구 Vol.10 No.1

The main objective of this study is to establish effective policies that protects children from crime by securing children safety zones through the proposals of spatial boundaries and other designated procedures and operating systems. With the consideration of existing theories, results from other previous studies, and the analysis of children's facilities, as well as statistical data in regards to crime directed towards children, the characteristics associated with the crime and the actual spatial surroundings around the children's facilities with frequent occurrences of crime were investigated. Surprisingly, the most crimes directed towards children were occurred at around the residence and schools, and the result of analysis strongly implies that effective measures to protect children against crime around the school area should be taken. This study also conducted survey targeted towards citizens residing in urban districts, asking the attitude and awareness of the citizens in relation to children safety zones. Questionnaire survey was conducted for two weeks, and 402 questionnaires were collected and used in the analysis. It was found that citizens aware the seriousness of crime directed towards children, and also feel the necessity of designating child safety zone against crime around school. 45.1% of respondents answered that proper spatial range of safety zone is 1 Km radius. Concerning the procedure of designating child safety zone, 45.0% of respondents answered that local authority should designate child safety zone without agreement of parents if the risk of crime is assessed to be high. Based on the analysis of literature review and questionnaire survey, proper range of the children safety zones and designation procedures for the children safety zones were proposed. Considering current average travel distances of children from their residences to their schools is 280 meter in metropolitan cities, and 374 meter in medium sized cities respectively, and 36.4% of crimes directed towards children were occurred in the 300 meter radius, it was proposed to designate child safety zone within 300-500 meter range according to the surrounding context of schools. Also, it was proposed that the chief officer of local police department designate child safety zone by the request of the principal of elementary schools.

기업집단 내부거래의 안전지대

박세환 서울대학교 법학연구소 2024 서울대학교 법학 Vol.65 No.2

The guideline for undue support practice, revised on Dec. 9 2022, introduced the difference in transaction terms, transaction amount, and transaction proportion used in the safety zone of 'providing unfair advantage to specially related persons' as a threshold standard of the safety zone. This is significant in that it increases the predictability of the safety zone of undue support practice, gets closer to the theory of the safety zone. First, the threshold standards of safety zone must be able to gauge whether it falls within the safety zone, second, maintain proportionality according to scale, third, ensure system consistency for each type of behavior, and fourth, be consistent with the characteristics of the target behavior. Above all, it is important whether the safety zone can function to increase enforcement efficiency and maintain legal stability. From this perspective, this article reviews related issues and suggests improvements.

항공안전규제와 새로운 이슈에 대한 ICAO의 대응

신동춘 ( Dong Chun Shin ) 한국항공우주정책·법학회 2015 한국항공우주정책·법학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Aviation safety is the stage in which the risk of harm to persons or of property damage is reduced to, and maintained at or below, an acceptable level through a continuing process of hazard identification and risk management. Many accidents and incidents have been taking place since 2014, while there had been relatively safer skies before 2014. International civil aviation community has been exerting great efforts to deal with these emerging issues, thus enhancing and ensuring safety throughout the world over the years. The Preamble of the Chicago Convention emphasizes safety and order of international air transport, and so many Articles in the Convention are related to the safety. Furthermore, most of the Annexes to the Convention are International Standards and Recommended Practices pertaining to the safety. In particular, Annex 19, which was promulgated in Nov. 2013, dealing with safety management system. ICAO, as law-making body, has Air Navigation Commission, Council, Assembly to deliberate and make decisions regarding safety issues. It is also implementing USOAP and USAP to supervise safety functions of member States. After MH 370 disappeared in 2014, ICAO is developing Global Tracking System whereby there should be no loophole in tracking the location of aircraft anywhere in world with the information provided by many stakeholders concerned. MH 17 accident drove ICAO to install web-based repository where information relating to the operation in conflict zones is provided and shared. In addition, ICAO has been initiating various solutions to emerging issues such as ebola outbreak and operation under extreme meteorological conditions. Considering the necessity of protection and sharing of safety data and information to enhance safety level, ICAO is now suggesting enhanced provisions to do so, and getting feedback from member States. It has been observed that ICAO has been approaching issues towards problem-solving from four different dimensions. First regarding time, it analyses past experiences and best practices, and make solutions in short, mid and long terms. Second, from space perspective, ICAO covers States, region and the world as a whole. Third, regarding stakeholders it consults with and hear from as many entities as it could, including airlines, airports, community, consumers, manufacturers, air traffic control centers, air navigation service providers, industry and insurers. Last not but least, in terms of regulatory changes, it identifies best practices, guidance materials and provisions which could become standards and recommended practices.

지역생활권의 근린환경이 보행자 교통사고에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

도수현,고동원,박승훈 한국콘텐츠학회 2025 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.25 No.1

보행은 일상적 활동의 필수 요소이며, 생활권과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 본 연구는 2020년부터 2022년까지 서울시에서 발생한 보행자 교통사고 데이터를 활용하여, 지역생활권 내 근린환경이 보행자 교통사고에 미치는 영향을 경상 이하 및 중상 이상 사고로 나누어 분석하였다. 첫째, 사고 심각도별로 차별화된 접근과 이를 반영한 정책적 대안이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 사고 유형별로 영향을 미치는 요인에 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 그 중에서도 도로안전시설은 중상 이상 보행자 교통사고에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 지하철역 출입구 수가 많을수록 경상 이하 보행자 교통사고를 증가시키는 요인으로 작용한다. 이는 역 주변 보행 환경의 안전성을 강화하기 위해 차량과 보행자를 분리하는 시설 개선과 역세권 개발 시 보행자 안전을 우선적으로 고려한 정책적 접근이 필요함을 시사한다. 셋째, 상업용 건물 밀도가 높은 지역생활권은 보행자 교통사고에 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 이에 따라 보도와 도로의 명확한 분리 및 특정 시간대에 차량 통행을 제한하는 등의 보행 공간 확대 정책이 요구된다. 넷째, 지역 생활서비스시설의 이용자 특성에 맞춘 안전 정책이 필요하다. 각 시설에 적합한 안전 대책을 마련하여 보행자 안전을 보장하고, 보다 쾌적한 보행 환경을 제공해야 한다. 이러한 연구 결과는 생활권 단위의 보행안전 정책 수립에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Walking is an essential part of daily life and is closely linked to the characteristics of local living zones. This study analyzed pedestrian traffic collisions in Seoul’s local living zones from 2020 to 2022, categorizing them into minor and major injuries, to examine the impact of neighborhood environments on pedestrian safety. Key findings include: First, differentiated approaches and policy interventions are required based on the severity of accidents, as the factors influencing minor and major collisions differ. Among these, road safety facilities were found to significantly affect severe pedestrian accidents. Second, a higher number of subway station entrances is associated with an increased likelihood of minor pedestrian collisions, suggesting the need for enhanced safety measures around station areas. Improving pedestrian-vehicle separation and prioritizing pedestrian safety during station development are necessary. Third, high-density commercial areas negatively impact pedestrian safety. particularly concerning minor collisions. Policies to expand pedestrian spaces, such as clear demarcation of sidewalks and restricting vehicle access during peak times, are needed. Finally, safety measures tailored to the characteristics of local service facilities are essential. By implementing appropriate safety measures for each facility type, pedestrian safety can be enhanced, contributing to a safer walking environment. These findings offer valuable insights for urban planning and the development of pedestrian safety policies in local living zones.