SAP의 직무중심 인사관리 사례 연구

이혜정,정응섭,정지현,한광모,유규창 한국인적자원관리학회 2019 인적자원관리연구 Vol.26 No.2

합리적이고 투명한 인사관리의 실현, 직무전문가 양성, 표준화된 인사제도 구축 등의 필요성에 따라 직무중심 인사관리에 대한 실무 및 학계의 관심이 높아지고 있다. 그러나 직무중심 인사관리에 대한 선행 연구는 주로 직무중심 인사관리의 필요성과 방향성 등에 대한 논의를 중심으로 이루어지고 있어 직무중 심 인사관리의 도입과 운영에 대한 방법, 과정 그리고 성과에 대한 구체적인 내용을 담고 있는 사례 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 이러한 연구 배경을 토대로 본 연구는 SAP의 사례를 중심으로 직무중심 인사관리의 체계와 성과를 탐색하였다. SAP는 전 세계에 분포된 인력을 관리할 수 있는 직무기반의 표준화된 인사시스템을 갖추고 있으며 한국적 상황과 문화 속에서도 직무중심 인사관리가 성공적으로 운영되고 있어 국내 기업에게 주 는 시사점이 클 것이라 판단하여 SAP를 사례 분석 대상 기업으로 선정하였다. 본 연구에서는 다음과 같은 연구 목적을 수행하였다. 첫째, SAP의 직무중심 인사관리의 체계를 분석하 였다. SAP의 직무중심 인사관리 체계는 SAP의 HR 가이드라인, SAP의 직무중심 인사관리의 표준화·공 식화된 직무체계인 GJA(Global Job Architecture) 그리고 HR 가이드라인과 GJA를 토대로 설계된 직무 중심 인사 제도(채용, 승급과 승진, 평가, 보상, 개발)를 통해 제시하였다. 둘째. SAP의 직무중심 인사관리의 성과를 운영 효율성, 글로벌 인재관리, 전략적 성과의 3가지 측면에서 분석하였다. 결론에서는 SAP의 직무중심 인사관리에 대한 세부 내용을 토대로 국내 기업의 인사관리에 있어 보완해야 할 점 및 직무중심 인사관리를 효과적으로 운영하기 위한 방안 및 시사점을 제시하였다. Practical and theoretical interests in job-based HR have increased recently due to the need for the realization of rational and transparent HRM, the nurturing of job expert, and the implementation of standardized HR policies. However, because previous studies on job-based HR have focused mainly on the necessity and directions for job-based HR, there have not been sufficient case studies on the specific methods, process, and performance regarding the introduction and operation of job-based HR. Based on the background, this study explores the structure and performance of job-based HR with a focus on the case of SAP. SAP is a firm that has a standardized job-based HR that of capable of overseeing personnel dispersed throughout the world. It has also successfully operated a job-based HR system within Kore's business environment and culture. As such, this study selected SAP as a case to be examined because it has significant implication for Korean firms. This study has the following research objectives. First, we analyzed the structure of SAP's job-based HR in terms of SAP's HR guideline, SAP's GJA(Global Job Architecture) - a job architecture that standardized and formalizes SAP's job-based HRs, and SAP's job-based HR policies(including recruitment, promotion and progression, performance evaluation, compensation and development) that were based on the HR guideline and GJA. Second, we analyzed the performance of SAP's job-based HR according to three aspects - operational efficiency, global talent management, and strategic performance. In the conclusion, we suggested implication for improving HRM in Korean firms and operation job-based HR more efficaciously, based on the detailed contents of SAP's job-based HR.

Immunohistochemical Localization of Guanine Aminohydrolase, a Protein Identical with Novel Protein p51-nedasin, and SAP 102 in the Rat Retina

김영화(Young Hwa Kim),이화영(Hwa Young Lee) 대한해부학회 2002 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.35 No.2

신경계통내 퓨린염기 대사효소의 하나인 guanine aminohydrolase (GAH)는 최근 동정된 SAP102 관련단백인 p51-nedasin 과 유사한 아미노산 배열을 지니고 있음이 입증되었다. Nedasin은 신경세포의 세포체내에서 SAP102와 결합함으로써 NMDA수용체2B (NR2B)의 clustering을 조절하며 신경연접의 구조형성에 관여하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 GAH와 SAP102의 연관성을 알아보기 위하여 흰쥐의 망막에서 GAH와 SAP102 및 NR2B의 분포를 면역조직화학적 방법을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 이 결과 망막의 신경절세포층과 속얼기층, 속핵층, 바깥얼기층 및 색소세포층에서 GAH 및 SAP102의 염색성을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 신경절세포와 수평세포, 무축삭세포 및 색소세포내에서 이들이 공존하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 속얼기층과 바깥얼기층의 신경섬유들에서 관찰된 SAP102와 NMDA2B 수용체의 분포양상은 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 특정한 망막 신경세포의 세포체내 GAH와 SAP102의 구조적인 연관성을 확인할 수 있으며, GAH가 세포체내에서의 SAP102와의 관계를 통하여 신경연접 부위에서 NMDA수용체의 구조형성 조절에 관여할 것으로 생각할 수 있다. Guanine aminohydrolase (GAH), one of purine metabolizing enzymes rich in the nervous system was proved to have identical amino acid sequence to a recently identified novel protein p51-nedasin, NE-dlg/SAP102-associated protein. Nedasin has been reported to localize at neuronal cell bodies and binds to SAP102, so it might have a role in modulating NMDA receptor 2B clustering of SAP102 or synaptic organization in neuronal cells. In this study, we localize GAH and SAP102 in rat retina using immunohistochemical method. Immunoreactivities are detected for both GAH and SAP102 in ganglion cell layer, inner plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer and pigment layer. They seemed to be colocalized in ganglion cells, amacrine cells, horizontal cells and pigment cells. The staining profile for SAP102 is almost identical with NMDA receptor 2B mainly in fibrous elements in both the inner and outer plexiform layer. Our results support the possibility of close structural relationship between GAH and SAP102 in specific retinal cells and GAH involvement in synaptic organization association with SAP102 in the rat retina.

습윤/건조 반복 작용이 고흡수율 폴리머를 함유한 시멘트계 재료의 자기치유에 미치는 영향

홍근태(Geuntae Hong),최성철(Seongcheol Choi) 한국건설순환자원학회 2020 한국건설순환자원학회 논문집 Vol.8 No.1

이 연구에서는 고흡수율 폴리머(SAPs)를 포함하는 시멘트계 재료의 자기치유에 대한 습윤/건조 반복 작용의 영향을 실험적으로 평가하였다. 매 주기마다 SAP 함량을 변수로 하는 시멘트 페이스트 시편을 균열 이후 1시간 동안 습윤 조건에 노출시키고(흡수율시험 및 투수시험 진행), 47시간 동안 건조 조건에 노출시켰다. 흡수율시험 결과 SAP 미혼입 시편, SAP 0.5%, SAP 1.0%, SAP 1.5% 혼입 시편의 균열을 통한 흡수율이 각각 1주기 대비 8주기 이후 22.9%, 36.8%, 42.8%, 46.3% 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 투수시험 결과 모든 시편의 균열을 통한 물 유출량은 습윤/건조 주기에 따라 점차 감소하였으며, 특히 SAP 함량이 증가할수록 유량 감소율은 증가하였다. 또한, X-ray CT 분석을 통해 균열 내 SAPs의 유입수에 의한 팽윤 거동이 확인되었다. 실험 결과는 SAPs가 유입수를 흡수하여 팽윤함에 따라 유효 균열폭이 감소될 수 있고, SAPs는 흡수한 물을 건조 조건에서 주변 균열부에 공급함에 따라 치유 생성물의 형성을 촉진시킬 수 있음을 나타낸다. 이 연구의 결과는 SAPs의 혼입이 균열의 수밀성을 증가시킴에 따라 시멘트계 재료의 자기치유 성능을 향상시킬 수 있음을 나타낸다. In this study, the effect of cyclic wetting-drying on the self-healing of cementitious materials containing superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were experimentally evaluated. In each cycle, cracked cement paste specimens containing various SAP dosages were exposed to wet conditions for 1 h, during which the capillary water absorption tests and water flow tests were conducted, and then exposed to dry conditions for 47 h. The capillary water absorption test results showed that the sorptivity values of the specimen without SAPs, SAP 0.5%, SAP 1.0%, and SAP 1.5% specimens were decreased by approximately 22.9%, 36.8%, 42.8%, and 46.3%, respectively, after 8 cycles. In addition, the water flow test results showed that the amount of water runoff through the cracks of all cracked specimens gradually decreased over wet/dry cycles, especially the reduction ratio of the amount of water runoff increased with increasing SAP dosage. Furthermore, the swelling behavior of SAPs in cracks by ingress water was confirmed via X -ray computed tomography (CT) analysis. These results indicate that the effective crack width can be reduced as SAPs absorb water and swell, while the water absorbed in SAPs can be released to crack surfaces under dry conditions, further promoting healing product formation. This study demonstrates that the in corporation of SAPs c an increase the water tightness of cracks, thereby improving the self-healing efficiency of cementitious materials.

기상요인과 채취시기가 옻나무 칠액채취량 및 칠액의 質에 미치는 영향

김만조 한국자원식물학회 1998 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.11 No.1

This study was conducted to understand the effects of weather and tapping date on yield and quality of lactree(Rhus verniciflua) sap yield showed a significant positive correlation with the minimum temperature of one day before sap collection at 1% level and with theminimum humidity of theday of sap collection at 5% level. However, the differences between the maximum and the minimum temperatures and humidities of the day of sap collection were negatively correlated with the sap yield at 5% level. Multiple regression analysis indicated that the minimum temperature of one day bofore sap collection and the minumum humidity of the day sap collection were important factors for increasing sap yield. The high sap yield of lactree by Japanese tapping method was recorded during mid-July and early August. Seasonal variation in lactree sap constituents was observed. The sap collected on 15th of August contained the highest urushiol content (68.3%) and the lowest water content resulting in high quality of lactree sap. By reversed-phase HPLC analysis, fove urushiol components were separated from each other depending on the number of doulbe bonds in the side-chain , and seaxonal variation of urushiol composition was noticed. The 3-C15 triene content fo the sap collected on 5th of July was the highest(77.56%) indicating the major component of urushiol which affects lactree sap quality.

내부양생기법이 적용된 콘크리트의 강도 및 내구성능 평가

노재면,전성일,정진훈 한국도로학회 2021 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.23 No.2

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of additives that affect internal curing in order to reduce the damage occurring in concrete pavements. METHODS : SAP was used as an additive to reduce internal curing in concrete pavements. SAP is an additive that has a very high absorption rate which prevents concrete wrappers from externally draining water. To evaluate the internal curing performance according to the ratio of SAP, we identified the number of cracks and amount of abrasion reduction. RESULTS : Plastic shrinkage and durability of a concrete mixture with added SAP were evaluated. The following results were obtained: (1) SAP showed a tendency to reduce slumps due to absorption of the concrete mixture. (2) It was possible to verify that concrete condensation did not occur during the penetration resistance test and that the initial curing did not lead to reactions within the mixture. (3) Adding more than 0.6% of SAP for dry curing resulted in greater compressive strength at all ages than OPC, with the highest compression strength of 0.9% after 56 days. (4) Regarding abrasion resistance, it was found that adding SAP was 30~50% better than adding the OPC mixture, and at 0.9% compression strength, abrasion resistance showed the best performance. (5) In the chlorine ion immersion resistance experiment, the passing charge of the OPC mixture was rated “high,” but it was rated “normal” in SAP. The results showed that the addition of SAP improved the water density of concrete due to internal curing effects, and that it showed the greatest chlorine ion penetration resistance for a compressive strength of 0.9%. (6) Regarding plastic shrinkage resistance, cracks did not occur on the surface until the end of the experiment, but the plastic shrinkage rate upon addition of SAP was relatively low compared to that of the OPC mixture. CONCLUSIONS : Recent studies have shown that internal curing techniques can be applied using SAP to prevent shrinkage due to the loss of water and to decrease the effects of hydration. If internal curing effects are expressed using SAP, it is thought that contraction due to a loss of moisture and reduction in sign language reaction can be prevented.

Integrated metatranscriptome and transcriptome reveals the microbial community composition and physiological function of xylem sap on grapevine during bleeding period

Zheng Ting,Zhang Kekun,Zhu Xudong,Guan Le,Jiu Songtao,Li Xiaopeng,Mazzullah Nasim,Jia Haifeng,Fang Jinggui 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.9

Background The xylem sap of fruit trees ensures the survival during the dormant period, and its flow during the bleeding period is correlated with the start of a new life cycle. Though the simple exploration on ingredients in the sap was carried out in the early years, the specific life activities and physiology functions of the sap during bleeding period have not been reported yet and the bleeding period is still a fruit tree development period worthy of attention. Objectives In this study, the microbial community composition during bleeding period were revealed by metatranscriptome and transcriptomic data. For the first time, the microorganism genome and grape genome in xylem sap were analyzed on transcriptional level, based on which the main physiological functions of the sap were also determined. Methods The genomic RNA in the sap was isolated and sequenced. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG), Evolutionary genealogy of genes: Non-supervised Orthologous Groups (eggNOG) and Carbohydrate-Active enzymes Database (CAZy) functional annotation were used to analysis the function of micro-organisms in xylem sap. DEGs were analyzed by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). The genes responsive to biotic and abiotic stresses were finally screened by transcriptome screening, stress data analysis and vitro validation experiments. Results The analysis exhibited 36,144,564 micro-related clean reads and 244,213 unigene. KEGG, eggNOG and CAZy functional annotation analysis indicated that signal transduction and material metabolism were the most important function of xylem sap. DEGs analysis were mainly about disease resistance, carbon source metabolism and hormone signal transduction, especially in P3 vs P1, enriched in the plant-pathogen interaction pathway. Analysis on grape genome information revealed xylem sap had little RNA with weak life activity. Metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant hormone signal transduction and plant-pathogen interaction were the four pathways with the largest number of enriched genes. Moreover, 16 genes responsive to biotic and abiotic stresses were screened out. Conclusion Promoting plant growth and resisting pathogens were the most important function of xylem sap during the bleeding period, and the function of microbial community were closely related to microorganisms growth and disease resistance. The 16 stress-related genes might be used for the future grape resistance research.

Modeling rapid self-sealing of cracks in cementitious materials using superabsorbent polymers

Hong, Geuntae,Choi, Seongcheol Elsevier 2018 Construction and Building Materials Vol.164 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The aim of the study involves quantitatively evaluating rapid self-sealing of cracks in cementitious materials incorporating superabsorbent polymers (SAPs). To this end, the study proposes a model to predict changes in the amount of water runoff through cracks over time when spherical SAPs in cementitious materials exhibit rapid swelling by absorbing the first water ingress after the occurrence of cracks. X-ray computed tomography analysis demonstrates that the swelling of SAPs in the cracks of the specimens by distilled water was less than that in a free state. The water flow test results indicate that the ratio of water runoff over time decreases sharply in SAP-added specimens immediately after the commencement of the water flow test. Additionally, the reduction ratio of the flow rate for the specimens with a crack width range of 0.24–0.36 mm corresponds to 0.343–0.519, 0.524–0.716, and 0.631–0.826 in specimens S-0.5, S-1.0, and S-1.5, respectively. A nonlinear regression analysis was performed on the results of the water flow test, and this reveals that the modification factor for the volume fraction of cracks sealed by the swelling of spherical SAPs corresponds to 0.7056, 0.6642, and 0.6574 for SAP 0.5%, SAP 1.0%, and SAP 1.5%, respectively.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A model was proposed to evaluate rapid self-sealing of cracks by SAPs. </LI> <LI> Swelling exhibited by SAPs in cracks was less than those exhibited in a free state. </LI> <LI> Self-sealing efficiency increased with increases in SAP dosage. </LI> <LI> Self-sealing efficiency decreased with increases in crack width. </LI> <LI> The predicted reduction ratio of the flow rate exceeded the measured one. </LI> </UL> </P>

고로쇠나무류 정제수액의 활용 가능성에 관한 연구

권수덕,구소영,김정운,김창환,김종갑,문현식 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2009 농업생명과학연구 Vol.43 No.5

본 연구는 고로쇠나무, 붉은고로쇠나무, 우산고로쇠나무 수액을 대상으로 수액정제시스템을 활용하여 정제수액의 활용가능성을 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 세 수종의 고로쇠나무 수액 원액에는 Bacillus속 세균 1종과 효모 3-4종, 곰팡이 2종이 검출되었다. 수액의 pH는 수액원액이 6.5, 정제수액이 6.3-6.4, 당도는 원액이 1.67 -3.05, 정제수액이 1.64-3.02로 약간 줄어들었다. 당 성분은 모든 수액에서 sucrose만 검출되었다. 수액 속의 미네랄 성분도 원액에 비해 정제수액에 비해 조금 줄어들었다. 이들 결과는 고로쇠나무류 수액을 정제하면 장기간의 보관과 함께 음용도 가능하다는 것을 시사한다. This study was conducted to analyze to the applicability of refined saps of Acer mono, A. mono for. rubripes, A. okamotoanum through sap refining system. 1 species of Bacillus genus, 3-4 species of yeast and 2 species of fungi were detected in the origin sap of three Acer spp. The pH in the origin sap were 6.5, and decreased in refining sap as 6.3-6.4. Sucrose in sugar components was detected in the origin and refining sap of Acer spp., but glucose and fructose were not detected. Compared the origin and refining sap, mineral components decreased slightly in refining sap. These results indicate that refining sap of Acer spp. are drinkable with long-term storage

초고압 기술이 자작나무 수액의 저장성 향상에 미치는 영향

최경화,김순임,이동욱,전정태,Choi, Kyung Hwa,Kim, Sun Im,lee, Dong Uk,Jeon, Jung Tae 한국식품저장유통학회 2017 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.24 No.3

초고압 공정(HPP)은 비가열 공정 중 하나로 식품 중의 세균 증식을 억제하는 방법으로 근래 들어 상업적으로 각광 받고 있다. 자작나무 수액은 여과 및 UV 살균과정을 거쳐 유통되지만 상업적으로 사용하기에는 식품공전 미생물 규격에 적합하지 않아 추가 살균처리 없이 유통을 하기에는 적합하지 않은 단점이 있었다. 본 연구에서는 그 단점을 보완하고 저장유통기한을 연장하기 위해 비가열가공 살균법으로 최근 주목받고 있는 HPP를 적용하고자 하였다. 최적 조건을 설정하기 위해 HPP 조건을 달리 하여 63일 동안 저장하여 변화를 관찰하였고, 그 결과 압력이 높고 처리시간이 길어질수록 미생물제어에 효과적이였다. 설정된 550 MPa, 120 sec의 조건으로 HPP 처리한 후 $5^{\circ}C$와 $10^{\circ}C$에 저장하며 미생물 및 품질변화를 관찰하였다. HPP 미처리군의 경우에는 4-7일차에 급격한 미생물 증식 및 이화학 변화가 일어났지만 HPP 처리군의 경우 $5^{\circ}C$에서 45일, $10^{\circ}C$에서 28일간 저장하는 동안 일반세균, 대장균, 대장균군, 진균 모두 증식이 없어 미생물학적으로 안전한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, pH, 산도, 당도, 탁도 및 갈변도의 변화를 살펴본 결과 $5^{\circ}C$에서는 45일까지 변화가 없었고, $10^{\circ}C$에서는 28일 차에서 pH 감소, 산도, 갈변도, 탁도의 증가로 급격한 변화로 24일 저장하는 것이 이화학적으로도 안정하다고 평가하였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 자작나무 수액은 효과적인 살균처리를 하지 않으면 미생물증식, 탁도 및 갈변도 변화, 산도증가로 유통기한이 4일 이하로 저장성이 많이 낮지만, HPP 처리함으로 인해 미생물 증식을 막고 그에 따른 수액의 이화학적 안정성을 확보하여 수액의 품질수명을 기존 미처리군에 비해 6배 연장시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Effects of high pressure processing on physicochemical and microorganisms properties in birch sap were investigated using variable high pressure processing conditions. The viable cell counts of untreated birch sap was 4.0 log CFU, whereas high pressure processed sap were not detected. In birch sap was treated with 450 to 550 MPa, microorganisms were not detected during storage period, and physicochemical properties as well as color were slightly changed. The more processing time and pressure, its quality variations were more stable and then its optimum processing condition was determined with 120 sec at 550 MPa. The microorganisms and physicochemical properties of treated birch sap were investigated during storage at $5^{\circ}C$ and $10^{\circ}C$ for 45 and 28 days. Changes of physicochemical properties of treated birch sap were smaller than those of the untreated, but viable cell count were not detected during storage period. As for pH, $^{\circ}Brix$, and turbidity result of birch sap, quality shelf life of control and treatment were 4 and 24 days, respectively. Especially, ${\Delta}E$ value of instrumental color was untreated birch sap 4 days similar with the high pressure processed it for 28 days. These results indicated that the high pressure processing can be used as an effective method to improve the shelf life of birch sap.

Mechanics of Xylem Sap Drinking

김원정 대한의용생체공학회 2013 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.3 No.3

Despite the significant tension of xylem sap, many insects feed on the xylem sap. Because of the relatively little nutrient content of the xylem sap, feeding rates are up to 1000 times their body mass in a 24 hour period, which requires a suction pressure that may exceed the maximum tension that muscles can generally generate. This review focuses on the mechanical aspects of xylem sap feeding, especially in estimating the xylem sap tension and the suction pressure for xylem sap drinking. We discuss the inconsistencies of xylem sap feeding under tension with the maximum tension of the muscles, and present an overview of possible explanations for this discrepancy. It is expected that X-ray visualization techniques and microfluidics using hydrogel can be effectively used to elucidate the mechanics of xylem sap feeding.