유럽지역혁신시스템(RIS)의 성과 결정요인에 관한 연구

김득갑 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2022 동서연구 Vol.34 No.1

All countries have the task of preparing for the 4th industrial revolution along with regional balanced growth. This is why the regional-based innovative growth strategy that combines regional and industrial policies that the OECD has emphasized is drawing attention. In Korea, cluster-based regional innovation systems are growing in various places, but there are many points that need to be improved. In this context, the ‘smart specialization strategy (RIS3)’ promoted by the EU and the regional innovation system in Europe can give us many policy implications. In this study, EU's smart specialization strategy (RIS3) was examined and the factors affecting the economic performance of 280 European regional innovation systems were identified by using hierarchical adjustment regression analysis with innovation performance as a moderating variable. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the regional innovation system (RIS) had a significant effect on economic performance through the moderating effect (interaction effect) with the innovation performance. This study also confirmed that the economic performance of the regional innovation system is improved when the innovation performance is high, and that four elements(‘Regional innovation capacity’, ‘regional governance’, ‘business dynamism’, ‘cooperation and interaction’) constituting the regional innovation system are necessary to improve the economic performance. In addition, it was confirmed that 'regional innovation capacity' and 'regional governance' brought a significant difference to the economic performance of the regional innovation system through the interaction with the innovation performance. On the other hand, the direct effects of 'corporate dynamism' and 'cooperation and interaction' on economic performance were confirmed, but the moderating effect of innovation performance was not confirmed. This means that many underdeveloped regions in Europe have not yet been able to link corporate dynamism, cooperation and interactions with innovation activities. In order for corporate dynamism and cooperation and interaction to contribute to vitalization of the local economy, an open and dynamic innovation ecosystem must be created. The policy implications of this study are: First, the priority of policy should be placed on strengthening regional innovation capabilities. Second, in order for the regional innovation system to be successful, efficient regional governance in which all economic actors participate should be established. Third, continuous efforts should be made to create an open innovation ecosystem so that corporate dynamism, cooperation and interaction can be linked with innovation performance. Fourth, the advancement of regional innovation systems and the establishment of a dynamic innovation ecosystem cannot be achieved overnight. This is the reason why the EU and its member states have been continuously pursuing private-led open smart specialization strategies for a long time. 모든 국가는 지역 균형성장과 함께 4차 산업혁명 시대에도 대비해야 하는 과제를 안고 있다. OECD가 강조해온 지역정책과 산업정책을 결합한 지역기반의 혁신성장전략이 주목받는 이유다. 국내에서도 클러스터 기반의 지역혁신시스템이 여러 곳에서 태동·발전하고 있으나 개선해야 할 점들이 적지 않다. 이러한 맥락에서 EU가 추진해온 ‘스마트 전문화 전략(RIS3)’과 유럽의 지역혁신시스템은 우리에게 정책적 시사점을 줄 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 EU의 스마트 전문화 전략(RIS3)을 살펴보고 혁신성과를 조절변수로 한 위계적 조절회귀분석을 실시하여 유럽 지역혁신시스템(RIS)의 경제성과에 영향을 주는 요인을 규명하였다. 분석 결과 지역혁신시스템은 혁신성과와의 조절효과를 통해 경제성과에 유의한 영향을 주며, 여기에는 지역혁신시스템을 구성하는 4개의 요소가 모두 필요함을 확인하였다. 또한 ‘지역혁신역량’과 ‘지역 거버넌스’는 혁신성과와의 상호작용을 통해 경제성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 반면, ‘기업 역동성’과 ‘협력 및 상호작용’은 혁신성과의 조절효과가 입증되지 않았다. 이는 유럽의 많은 낙후 지역에서 ‘기업 역동성’과 ‘협력 및 상호작용’이 아직 혁신성과와 연계되지 못하고 있음을 뜻한다. 기업 역동성과 협력 및 상호작용이 혁신성과와 어우러져 지역경제 활성화에 기여하려면 개방적이고 역동적인 혁신생태계가 필요하다. 본 연구의 시사점은 첫째, 정책의 우선순위를 지역혁신역량의 강화에 두어야 하고, 둘째, 경제주체들이 참여하는 효율적인 거버넌스를 구축해야 하며, 셋째, 기업 역동성과 협력 및 상호작용이 혁신성과와 연계되도록 역동적인 혁신생태계 조성에 꾸준히 노력해야 한다. 넷째, 지역혁신시스템의 고도화 및 역동적인 혁신생태계의 구축은 하루아침에 이루어지지 않는다. EU와 회원국들이 오래 전부터 민간 주도의 개방화된 스마트 전문화 전략을 지속적으로 추진해온 이유도 바로 여기에 있다.

Regular Papers : Does Regional Innovation Policy Match Regional Innovation System?: The Case of Local Public Technology Centers in Japan

( Nobuya Fukugawa ) 한국중소기업학회 2011 中小企業硏究 Vol.33 No.2

[Background] Local public technology centers, administrated by the prefectural and municipal government, have engaged in technological support for small local firms. The initiation of this regional innovation policy dates back to the modern economic growth in the 1880s. Local public technology centers offer various kinds of technological services such as testing, inspection, usage of experimental equipments, workshops for technology diffusion, technological consultation, funded research and joint research. They also conduct their own research, patent inventions and license out their patents chiefly to small local firms. Recently two structural changes forced local public technology centers to redefine their strategies in regional innovation systems. First, after a prolonged recession in the 1990s, the local authorities became highly cost-conscious, which led them to cut centers` budgets and to evaluate them more rigorously. Second, the reform of national innovation systems, symbolized by the incorporation of national universities in 2004, made knowledge interactions between small local firms and national universities more active, which has created a new source of knowledge for small local firms that performed R&D. [Purpose] Under such circumstances, local public technology centers are required to establish their own strategies that match the characteristics of regional innovation systems. Since local public technology centers are administrated by local authorities, their strategy development represents regional innovation policy. Their strategies are predicted to be most effective when they are developed in accordance with the characteristics of regional innovation systems. Using a comprehensive database on local public technology centers, this study aims to quantitatively examine whether regional innovation policy represented as centers` resource allocation strategies during 2000 and 2008 is contingent on, or regardless of, the characteristics of regional innovation systems. [Structure] First, I established the model to describe the characteristics of regional innovation systems. The model conceptualizes the local market for public technological services, such as technological consultation, workshops for diffusion of new technologies, material inspection, and joint research, from demand-side and supply-side perspectives. Demand-side factors are represented as the absorptive capacity of small local firms. Regions with more R&D-active small firms would exhibit more needs for high-quality public knowledge and more interactive channels, such as joint research, for knowledge transfer. Supply-side factors are represented as the activeness of national universities in the region to interact with small local firms via joint research. Regions with a national university willing to interact with small local firms would require local public technology centers to establish distinct strategies that do not overlap with the universities` role in the local market for public technological services. Second, I identified two key strategies that characterize technology transfer channels offered by local public technology centers. Based on factor analysis, various technological services provided by centers were integrated into two factors: the tendency to enhance the centers` own research capabilities; and the tendency to directly support small local firms. Then, I developed theoretical predictions about the relationships between regional innovation policy represented as resource allocation strategies of the centers and the characteristics of regional innovation systems where the center is located. Third, using a comprehensive dataset of local public technology centers, a statistical analysis was conducted to test whether centers` strategies were developed so that they would match the characteristics of regional innovation systems. [Method] Based on the model that describes the characteristics of regional innovation systems, I introduced a proxy variable for demand-side factors of the local market for public technological services, i.e., the ratio of R&D-active small firms to the whole small firms in the region. A proxy variable for supply-side factors was the ratio of joint research projects between small local firms and national universities to all joint research projects conducted by national universities in the region. Two proxy variables were enabled to draw a scatter chart, where vertical axis denotes demand-side factors and horizontal axis denotes supply-side factors, representing the location of the 47 local authorities in Japan. [Result] Four quadrants were identified by dividing a scatter chart by introducing averages of demand- and supply-side factors in the chart. For instance, a region (prefecture) in Quadrant II has small local firms with above-average absorptive capacity while universities in that region have below-average activity in knowledge interactions with small local firms. This implies that in such region, local public technology centers with high-quality technological knowledge can act as a significant spillover pool for small R&D-intensive firms in that region. An analysis of variance was conducted to test whether local public technology centers` strategies adopted between 2000 and 2008 aligned with the regional environmental characteristics identified as four quadrants. The results show that there is no statistically significant difference in centers` resource allocation strategies according to the characteristics of regional innovation systems. This implies that local public technology centers` resources may not have been fully utilized as an engine for regional economic development. [Contributions] Theoretical and policy implications derived from empirical results are as follows. First, based on the previous literature on regional knowledge spillovers, a model to describe the characteristics of regional innovation systems was developed. The model pictures the local market for public technological services from demand-side and supply-side perspectives. Linked to two distinct centers` strategies identified by factor analysis, this model enables us to infer theoretical relationships between regional innovation policy represented as resource allocation strategies of local public technology centers and the characteristics of regional innovation systems, which can be quantitatively examined. The newly developed model to understand regional innovation systems and empirical approach to examine the relationships between regional innovation policy and regional innovation systems can be applied to the assessment of regional innovation policy in other geographies. This constitutes the strength of the study. Second, with a comprehensive dataset of the centers, the aforementioned approach enabled us to quantitatively evaluate regional innovation policy on local public technology centers for the first time. This makes a clear contrast to the existing studies on local public technology centers based on case studies, where the generality of their implications are limited. Although local public technology centers have been considered to play an important role in regional economic development, the results suggest that they need to make their strategies more efficient so that their resources will be allocated in concord with the characteristics of the regional innovation system. The policy implications of this study are that local authorities and local public technology centers should precisely recognize their relative advantage in the region. Then it would be possible for them to rebuild guidelines that would help local public technology centers to contribute to the regional economic development in a more relevant manner.

지역주도의 지역과학기술 혁신을 위한 법제 정비방안

윤종민 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2022 江原法學 Vol.68 No.-

Regional science and technology innovation is recognized as an important means of national survival that can prevent the disappearance of the regions due to population decline and the collapse of the metropolitan area caused by it, beyond the level of realizing national science and technology innovation at the regional level. Regional science and technology innovation system played a role in promoting regional development and revitalizing the local economy by creating future industries in the region. However, today, it is an important national policy that promotes balanced development of the nation by creating high-quality jobs in the region based on science and technology, and by solving social problems such as population decline that the region is facing so that individual regions can develop autonomously. In order to promote regional science and technology innovation suitable for the changed times and environment, it is most important and necessary to prepare the legal system basis so that the state and each local government can jointly establish and promote regional science and technology innovation policies. The current legal system of regional science and technology innovation has certain limitations, such as the central government-oriented policy promotion system, fragmentary regulations on regional science and technology innovation, and the difficulty of implementing science and technology policies as a means of solving complex problems in the local community, and so needs to be improved progressively. In reorganizing the legal system of regional science and technology innovation, it is desirable to enact a new independent law rather than partially amending the current related laws. In enacting an independent law, a legislative bill that can systematically reflect the following matters should be prepared that regional-oriented transformation of the regional science and technology innovation policy promotion system, securing financial means to support the continuous and stable implementation of regional science and technology innovation policies, preparing a support system to rapidly expand the region’s own scientific and technological base and capacity, and operation system of an organization in charge of professional establishment and execution of science and technology innovation policies, etc. 지역의 과학기술 혁신은 국가의 과학기술 혁신을 단순히 지역 단위에서 실현하는 것을 넘어 인구감소에 따른 지역의 소멸과 이로 인해 초래될 수도권의 붕괴를 막을 수 있는 중요한 국가 존립의 수단으로서 인식되고 있다. 즉 오늘날의 지역과학기술 혁신은 과거와 같이 과학기술 진흥을 통해 지역개발을 촉진하고 지역의 미래 산업을 창출하여 지역경제를 활성화하는 정책수단을 넘어 과학기술을 기반으로 지역의 고급 일자리를 만들고 나아가 지역이 당면한 인구감소 등의 사회문제들을 적극 해결하여 개별 지역이 자생적으로 발전해 나갈 수 있게 유도함으로써 국토의 균형적인 발전을 도모하는 중요한 국가정책으로 대두되고 있다. 그동안 지역과학기술 혁신정책은 중앙정부가 시행하는 국가과학기술 정책의 한 분야 내지 부속 정책으로 취급하여 추진되어 왔음을 부인하기 어렵고, 각 지역이 중심이 되고 개별 지역의 산업 및 사회적 특성과 여건을 반영한 독립적인 정책으로 수립하여 추진하도록 하기 위한 국가 차원의 노력이나 이를 위한 거버넌스 개편 등의 시스템 정비가 미흡하였다. 이에 변화된 시대와 환경에 적합한 지역과학기술 혁신을 도모하기 위해서는 국가와 지방자치단체가 공동으로 지역주도의 지역과학기술 혁신정책을 수립하여 추진할 수 있는 법제도 기반을 정비하는 것이 필요한 상황이다. 현행 지역과학기술 혁신법제는 중앙정부 중심의 정책추진체계, 지역과학기술 혁신에 관한 단편적인 규정, 지역사회의 복합적인 문제해결수단으로서의 과학기술 정책추진의 곤란성 등 일정한 한계를 보이고 있어 이를 발전적으로 새롭게 정비할 필요가 있다. 지역과학기술 혁신법제를 정비함에 있어서는 현행 관련 법률을 부분적으로 개정하기 보다는 새로운 독립 법률로 제정하는 것이 바람직하다. 독립 법률을 제정함에 있어서는 지역과학기술 혁신정책 추진체계의 지역중심 전환, 지역과학기술 혁신정책의 지속적이고 안정적인 추진을 지원하기 위한 재정수단의 확보, 지역의 자체적인 과학기술 기반과 역량을 조속히 확충할 수 있는 지원체계 마련, 지역과학기술 혁신정책의 전문적인 수립과 집행을 담당하는 전담조직과 기구의 운영 등에 관한 사항이 체계적으로 반영될 수 있도록 입법 추진방안을 마련하여야 한다.

지역혁신을 위한 지역과제의 도출과 협력관계의 구축 - 경주지역의 혁신체제에 대한 모색 -

양병화,박기태 한국정치커뮤니케이션학회 2008 정치커뮤니케이션 연구 Vol.8 No.-

This paper aimed to explore regional innovation system and cooperative networks based on social consensus. Regional innovation system(RIS) can be seen as fundamentally social system, composed of interaction among members of the region. The interaction within and between organizations and sub-system make up regional networks and generate the knowledge flow that drive the evolution of the regional innovation system. In the context of endogenous growth theory, the objectives of RIS are to establish cooperative partnerships among innovation bodies such as companies, university, and government, and then to form a learning regional system based on intensive knowledge. Because it could not possible to achieve endogenous growth of the region without social consensus of innovation bodies, we attempted to find a specific case with regional consensus from a survey. Our findings suggest that regional innovation system is required three components including regional differentiation, regional awareness, and cooperative networks. Limitation and future research issues of this study are discussed. 본 연구는 글로벌 시대의 국가 경쟁력의 핵심으로 자리 잡고 있는 지역혁신체제의 구축에 필요한 지역적 과제를 실증분석하고 이를 통해 지역특수성을 고려한 혁신체제의 방향을 제안하고자 한 것이다. 지역혁신은 지역경제의 자생력을 확보하기 위한 지역주체 간의 협력적 파트너십과 그에 따른 지식기반의 지역학습체계의 구축을 목표로 하고 있다. 따라서 효율적인 지역혁신체제의 구축은 지역적 특수성 및 차별성을 전제로 지역내부의 사회적 합의를 기반으로 한 지역적 과제의 도출이 전제되어야 한다. 본 연구는 역사·문화적 특수성을 가진 경주지역을 대상으로 지역주체들이 공통적으로 인식하는 지역과제를 도출하고 혁신을 위한 협력적 네트워크의 문제점과 방향을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 전통적인 경주지역의 관광산업은 새로운 역사·문화클러스터로 발전시켜 나가야 하고, 혁신을 위해 오랜 동안 경주지역을 고립시켜왔던 지역적 배타성과 폐쇄성을 개방체제로 전환하는 것이 선결되어야 할 주요 과제인 것으로 나타났다. 지역 차별성을 고려한 경주지역의 발전적 혁신모형의 방향을 제안하고 혁신 및 정책 이니셔티브들에 대한 객관적 평가체계의 수립을 향후 과제로 논의하였다.

Institution for Regional Innovation System: The Korean Case

Kang,Byung-Joo,Oh,Deog-Seong 세계과학도시연합 2015 World Technopolis Review Vol.4 No.2

There is an implicit assumption in most regional innovation policy studies that once a policy has been made the policy will be implemented. This assumption is not valid for regional innovation policies formulated in many countries. This assumption rests upon certain political and organization conditions. It is frequently said that regional innovation system in Korea is one of the successful cases because of properly established institution for the implementation of innovation policies. The components of institution for innovation are defined in this article. For the analysis of institution for regional innovation system in Korea, three aspects such as organization, policies & programs, and governance structure were taken into account. Institution for regional innovation system in Korea is analyzed with three aspects: (1) organization for policy implementation, (2) innovation policy, and (3) governance structure. Firstly, organizations for innovation in Korea are composed of three categories such as organizations for policy formulation, organizations for policy implementation and agencies for coordination. Secondly, there are two categories of policies for innovation: (1) policies for the enhancement of national competitiveness and policies for the regional innovation capacity building, and (2) policies for fostering manpower and policy for regulatory reform. Thirdly, innovation governance in Korea is composed of three layer structure: (1) top level governance which is composed of two committee, three ministries and two agencies, (2) local level governance such as one innovation related offices and one center for regulatory reform, and (3) one category of agency for coordination as a regional platform.

지역 과학기술혁신진흥시스템의 실태와 과제

이장재(Lee Jang-Jae) 경기연구원 2008 경기논단 Vol.10 No.2

Regional S&T, innovation policies in Korea are in the evolutionary process towards the endogenous growth strategy driven by S&T and innovation. The results of these policies as it is are evaluated as “successful”on the whole because of building the foundations of S&T and innovation promotion systems in many regions. However, it is too early to say these policies have been resulted in the successful establishment of endogenous S&T and innovation capability and revealed substantial outputs. Based on the analysis of regional S&T and innovation promotion system in Korea, the future directions of regional S&T and innovation policies are as follows: Firstly, it is very important to achieve regional and local self-governance from cental government in decision making, tax collection etc. at regional level. Secondly, it needs the design of region-specific regional innovation system(RIS) and policy alternatives for each region. Thirdly, human resource development(HRD) policy at regional level is very important to induce endogenous growth. Lastly, the efforts of raising the efficiency of S&T and innovation policies at region level must be emphasized. The introduction of “performance based management(PBM) approach at regional level is advised.

경기도와 중앙정부의 과학기술혁신정책 협력방안 : 지방정부의 운영관점에서

황두희(Doohee Hwang),임덕순(Deok Soon Yim),정선양(Sunyang Chung) 한국기술혁신학회 2009 한국기술혁신학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2009 No.5

Korean regional SI1 policy is still "grass-root' regional innovation policy, which has focused on simple input-oriented policy formulation and implementation Recognizing this limitation and the diversified SI1 policy environment, regional government should formulate and implement relevant cooperation mechanism with the central government especially from an integrated perspectives. Especially, Gyeonggi-do has a lot of potential in industrial development because it surrounds the capital city of Korea and has sufficient innovation actors and manpower. In fact, Gyeonggi-do has established a more competent regional innovation system than other regions in Korea. However, as global technological and economic environment changed very rapidly, Gyeonggi-do should improve its regional innovation system by strengthening its S11 and innovation capability to a large scale. Based on its sound S11 environment and experience of implementing SI1 policies, Gyeonggi-do should build a leading regional innovation system in Korea. This study aims at identifying the cooperation agenda between Gyeonggi-do and the central government, which is very necessary for the successful establishment of Gyeonggi-do's regional innovation system. For this purpose, this study made a wide literature review on regional innovation system, analyzed regional innovation policies of the central government, and investigated Gyeonggi-do's SI1 policies and regional innovation system.

지역혁신체계의 특성

김현호(Kim Hyeon Ho) 한국도시행정학회 2004 도시 행정 학보 Vol.17 No.3

The purpose of this study is to extract the implications of regional innovation system experiences in Korea. In these days regional innovation systems have become popular in balanced national development strategies and endogenous territorial development plans. This study has chosen two regional innovation system, seoul clothing industry and Icheon pottery industry. This study compares the two regional innovation systems by survey and interview of firms and supporting organizations. The main focuses of the survey are the characteristics of production system and supporting system, especially in innovation types, innovation sources, innovation difficulties, supporting organization and characteristics, etc. This study found out the characteristics of regional innovation systems as follows; 1, there are more product innovations than any other innovation types, 2, the main sources of innovation are market and customers, 3. local supporting organizations in Icheon are more helpful than those of Seoul, 4. local government of Icheon is more useful to firms than that of Seoul, 5. 'local innovation system' can be operated in Korea like Icheon.

지역혁신체제론 관점에서의 농촌지역 주민공동체조직 형성 촉진요인과 역할 분석 및 시사점: 아산시 사회적협동조합 ‘송악동네사람들’ 사례를 중심으로

고경호 ( Ko Kyoung-ho ) 한국유기농업학회 2020 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.28 No.4

The purpose of this study is to explore the key elements of the regional innovative milieu by analyzing the role of regional innovative elements and case organizations that promoted the emergence of ‘Songakdongnesaramdeul (the people of the Songak town),’ and to present pertinent policy implications. For the purpose, this study set the “Songakdongnesaramdeul,” a residential community organization founded for regional innovation to revitalize the village community, as a case organization from the perspective of regional innovation system theory. The result of the study showed that creating an innovative milieu through the creation of various innovation elements to revitalize the village community is crucial. Especially, this study confirmed that the existence of regional development organizations is the key element of the innovative milieu. such as case organization that contributes to regional development while promoting interaction between actors, common learning and systemization, and new value creation activities. The implications derived through the study can be summarized in four points. First, a variety of means to promote the formation of subjects in response to the public debate of the village agenda is needed. Second, it is highly important to create innovative elements, for example, organizations and programs, resources, and spaces that promote regional innovation. Third, forming a close network between various innovative resources existing in the region and establishing regional capabilities that allow to mobilize and utilize such innovative resources are important. Fourth, the establishment of a promotion mechanism such as a case organization is suggested as a major task, to revitalize the village community. Specifically, forming and revitalizing numerous private-based community organizations with regional developmental capabilities to establish local governance also has significant importance. In this vein, based on the point of view of the regional innovation system theory, the establishment of regional policies to construct a regional innovation milieu, such as creating innovative elements that can actively promote the regeneration of the village community and establishing a promotion system, can be presented as major tasks.

지역혁신조사(CIS)데이터를 이용한 지역혁신활동의 특성과 공간적 패턴

나주몽 대한국토·도시계획학회 2003 國土計劃 Vol.38 No.7

The Strategy of cluster in regional innovation system is a popular national and local economic development in the global economy. The aim of this paper is to attempt to analyze the characteristics of regional innovation activity and spatal pattern using system' preformance data of community innovation survey in order to support region innovation system. Major results remark summarized as follows:(1) To synthesise the large set of data provided by CIS data, factor analysis was performed. Out of the these CIS data, major principal components were extracted that togerher explained about 80% of the total variance. the extracted factor explained characteristics of regional innovation activity. major principal components in system's performance was 4 factor in information sources, 3 factor in obstacles to innovation, 3 factor in patnership with tecnological innovation, 2 factor in technology transfer, 2 factor in innovation policy. (2) Cluster analysis was conducted to group the region with respect to innovation activity. Regions of system's performance can be grouped into six clusters according to factors(14factor). the aggregated regions in six clusters was Gangwon, Gwangju, Jenonam, Busan-Ulsan, Daegu-Taejen, the other regions. The important demension of the direction of innovative activity in different region is addressed by means of a cluster analysis that distinguishes among factors of spatial pattern. In particular, it was suggest that the presence of a low number of innovative firms in the most backward regions is related system' performence of innovation activity.