아태 원자력협정(RCA)사무국의 국제기구화 추진 현황과 과제

양맹호(Maeng-Ho YANG) 한국기술혁신학회 2015 기술혁신학회지 Vol.18 No.1

본 논문은 한국정부가 유치한 아태원자력협정(RCA)사무국의 국제기구화 추진 현황과 향후 과제를 중심으로 분석하였다. 주요 내용으로는 RCA사무국 유치와 지원활동, 국제법적 지위 확보와 관련된 주요 문제점에 대해서 기술하였다. 이와 함께 RCA 협정개정과 사무국의 국제기구화 추진에 대한 주요쟁점 분석과 대응 방향을 분석하였다. 한국은 개도국으로서 원자력의 이용개발을 성공적으로 수행한 모델로 평가받고 있으며 앞으로 원자력 기술 선진국으로서 역할을 보여주는 것이 필요하다. 여기에는 국제기구 유치가 적절한 수단이 될 수 있다. 한국정부가 유치에 성공한 RCA사무국의 국제법적 지위 확보는 협정개정이나 보조협정의 체결이 필수적이다. 이를 위해서는 2017년 협정개정과 이후 본부협정 체결을 목표로 범부처 차원의 RCA사무국 국제기구화기획단을 운영하는 것이 바람직이다. 이와 함께 사무국의 지원단도 구성하여 사무국의 사업수행과 기술적 지원을 수행하는 것도 필요하다. Korea’s experiences in the use and development of nuclear energy are recognized as a successful model as a developing country in the international nuclear community. With these experiences, Korea is able to contribute to the progress of Korean nuclear industry and international society as a nuclear advanced country. This paper reviews and analyzes the current situation and major issues in securing the international legal status of RCA Regional Office hosted by Korean Government since 2002. In this connection, major political environments and relevant issues in facilitating the revision of RCA Agreement and securing legal status of the RCARO are also investigated. It is essential to amend the 1987 RCA Agreement or to conclude the its supplementary agreement for the securing of the international legal status of RCA Regional Office at the RCA policy meeting prior to extension of the agreement in 2017 and after. It is recommended for the Korean Government to establish and operate the inter-ministry governmental task force teams to facilitate and support the required actions in the national and diplomatic actions in the regional level for the sustainable development of the RCA and RCA Regional Office.

Molecular characterization and expression pattern of Rubisco activase gene GhRCAβ2 in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Chao Maoni,Huang Ling,Dong Jie,Chen Yu,Hu Genhai,Zhang Qiufang,Zhang Jinbao,Wang Qinglian 한국유전학회 2024 Genes & Genomics Vol.46 No.4

Background Rubisco activase (RCA) is a pivotal enzyme that can catalyse the activation of Rubisco in carbon assimilation pathway. Many studies have shown that RCA may be a potential target for genetic manipulation aimed at enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and crop yield. Objective To understand the biological function of the GhRCAβ2 gene in upland cotton, we cloned the coding sequence (CDS) of the GhRCAβ2 gene and investigated its sequence features, evolutionary relationship, subcellular localization, promoter sequence and expression pattern. Methods The bioinformatics tools were used to analyze the sequence features of GhRCAβ2 protein. Transient transformation of Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts was performed to determine the subcellular localization of the GhRCAβ2 protein. The expression pattern of the GhRCAβ2 gene was examined by analyzing transcriptome data and using the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results The full-length CDS of GhRCAβ2 was 1317 bp, and it encoded a protein with a chloroplast transit peptide. The GhRCAβ2 had two conserved ATP-binding domains, and did not have the C-terminal extension (CTE) domain that was unique to the RCA α-isoform in plants. Evolutionarily, GhRCAβ2 was clustered in Group A, and had a close evolutionary relationship with the soybean RCA. Western blot analysis demonstrated that GhRCAβ2 was immunoreactive to the RCA antibody displaying a molecular weight similar to that of the RCA β-isoform. The GhRCAβ2 protein was found in chloroplast, aligning with its role as a vital enzyme in the process of photosynthesis. The GhRCAβ2 gene had a leaf tissue-specific expression pattern, and the yellow-green leaf mutant exhibited a decreased expression of GhRCAβ2 in comparison to the wild-type cotton plants. The GhRCAβ2 promoter contained several cis-acting elements that respond to light, phytohormones and stress, suggesting that the expression of GhRCAβ2 may be regulated by these factors. An additional examination of stress response indicated that GhRCAβ2 expression was influenced by cold, heat, salt, and drought stress. Notably, diverse expression pattern was observed across different stress conditions. Additionally, low phosphorus and low potassium stress may result in a notable reduction in the expression of GhRCAβ2 gene. Conclusion Our findings will establish a basis for further understanding the function of the GhRCAβ2 gene, as well as providing valuable genetic knowledge to improve cotton photosynthetic efficiency and yield under challenging environmental circumstances. Background Rubisco activase (RCA) is a pivotal enzyme that can catalyse the activation of Rubisco in carbon assimilation pathway. Many studies have shown that RCA may be a potential target for genetic manipulation aimed at enhancing photosynthetic efficiency and crop yield. Objective To understand the biological function of the GhRCAβ2 gene in upland cotton, we cloned the coding sequence (CDS) of the GhRCAβ2 gene and investigated its sequence features, evolutionary relationship, subcellular localization, promoter sequence and expression pattern. Methods The bioinformatics tools were used to analyze the sequence features of GhRCAβ2 protein. Transient transformation of Arabidopsis mesophyll protoplasts was performed to determine the subcellular localization of the GhRCAβ2 protein. The expression pattern of the GhRCAβ2 gene was examined by analyzing transcriptome data and using the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results The full-length CDS of GhRCAβ2 was 1317 bp, and it encoded a protein with a chloroplast transit peptide. The GhRCAβ2 had two conserved ATP-binding domains, and did not have the C-terminal extension (CTE) domain that was unique to the RCA α-isoform in plants. Evolutionarily, GhRCAβ2 was clustered in Group A, and had a close evolutionary relationship with the soybean RCA. Western blot analysis demonstrated that GhRCAβ2 was immunoreactive to the RCA antibody displaying a molecular weight similar to that of the RCA β-isoform. The GhRCAβ2 protein was found in chloroplast, aligning with its role as a vital enzyme in the process of photosynthesis. The GhRCAβ2 gene had a leaf tissue-specific expression pattern, and the yellow-green leaf mutant exhibited a decreased expression of GhRCAβ2 in comparison to the wild-type cotton plants. The GhRCAβ2 promoter contained several cis-acting elements that respond to light, phytohormones and stress, suggesting that the expression of GhRCAβ2 may be regulated by these factors. An additional examination of stress response indicated that GhRCAβ2 expression was influenced by cold, heat, salt, and drought stress. Notably, diverse expression pattern was observed across different stress conditions. Additionally, low phosphorus and low potassium stress may result in a notable reduction in the expression of GhRCAβ2 gene. Conclusion Our findings will establish a basis for further understanding the function of the GhRCAβ2 gene, as well as providing valuable genetic knowledge to improve cotton photosynthetic efficiency and yield under challenging environmental circumstances.

The Application of Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) base Layer Aggregate

조윤호,윤태영,김인태,최영락 대한토목학회 2011 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.15 No.3

Recycled Concrete Aggregate (RCA) is different from natural aggregate because of RCA’s cement paste and contaminants that cause low density and high porosity. In many cases, these properties of RCA that lead to poor engineering qualities are the major reasons that RCA is not recommended as aggregate for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). In this research, the performance of HMA mixtures with RCA is quantitatively evaluated using various tests to verify the applicability of RCA as aggregate for HMA material. For this verification, the Indirect Tensile (IDT) strength test, Kim test, wheel tracking test, and tensile strength ratio test accompanied by fundamental material property tests were performed on asphalt mixtures with four types of aggregate blends. In addition, asphalt mixtures with RCA, whose binder contents were determined from the Superpave mix design method, were utilized and evaluated against Marshall design criteria in order to effectively reflect both field specifications and field compaction conditions in South Korea. As a result of this study, it is observed that the study asphalt mixtures with RCA (Mixes II and III) show good performance compared to the asphalt mixture with natural aggregate only (Mix I) in terms of indirect tensile strength ratio, deformation strength,rut depth, and IDT strength, whereas Mix IV, which consists of coarse and fine RCA, does not exhibit good performance. By evaluating the Marshall test properties of each mixture, it is also concluded that the dynamic loading in the Marshall test compaction method possibly causes friction in the RCA of the asphalt mixtures and, therefore, leads to an underestimation of the engineering properties of HMA with RCA.

Assessment of reliability-based FRP reinforcement ratio for concrete structures with recycled coarse aggregate

주민관,박경수,이기홍,안기용,Jongsung Sim 국제구조공학회 2019 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.69 No.4

The present study assessed the reliability-based reinforcement ratio of FRP reinforced concrete structure applying recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) concrete. The statistical characteristics of FRP bars and RCA concrete were investigated from the previous literatures and the mean value and standard deviation were employed for the reliability analysis. The statistics can be regarded as the material uncertainty for configuring the probability distribution model. The target bridge structure is the railway bridge with double T-beam section. The replacement ratios of RCA were 0%, 30%, 50%, and 100%. From the probability distribution analysis, the reliability-based reinforcement ratios of FRP bars were assessed with four cases according to the replacement ratio of RCA. The reinforcement ratio of FRP bars at RCA 100% showed about 17.3% higher than the RCA 0%, where the compressive strength at RCA 100% decreased up to 27.5% than RCA 0%. It was found that the decreased effect of the compressive strength of RCA concrete could be compensated with increase of the reinforcement ratio of FRP bars. This relationship obtained by the reliability analysis can be utilized as a useful information in structural design for FRP bar reinforced concrete structures applying RCA concrete.

Ricinus Communis로부터 분리된 ricin과 RCA의 독성 비교연구

김재호,장혜영 한국독성학회 1995 Toxicological Research Vol.11 No.2

Antibody-toxin conjugates, termed immunotoxins, are currently being evaluated as potential new anticancer agents and one of the most extensively studied toxins for construction of immunotoxin is ricin which exists in the seeds of castor bean, Ricinus communis. Another toxic lectin from castor bean is RCA (Ricinus communis agglutinin). Both toxins are very homologous. We reported the puriffcation procedure and biological properties of ricin from the Korean castor bean in another place and here we report those of RCA. The purified RCA shows three bands on denatured SDS PAGE while ricin shows two bands. On cultured $K_{562}$ cells ricin and RCA both inhibit the multiplication of cells extensively. $30{\mu}g/ml$ of ricin shows 73% of inhibition rate at day 4 compared to 68% in same condition of RCA. The inhibition of multiplication of cells are directly proportional to the concentration of toxins and the incubation period. In every case ricin was more toxic than RCA. The $LD_{50}$ dose of ricin on ICR mice was 60 ng at day 3 but that of RCA was $10{\mu}g$.

산업현장에서 쉽게 적용할 수 있는 근본원인 사고조사기법 개발에 관한 연구

권재범,권영국,Kwon, Jae Beom,Kwon, Young Guk 한국안전학회 2021 한국안전학회지 Vol.36 No.5

Incident investigation is one of the most important processes among various other safety management methods to prevent industrial accidents. Finding the root causes of accidents, eliminating hazards, and improving safety are the most important purposes of investigating accidents. During the investigation process, root cause analysis (RCA) techniques are used to effectively identify RCA. Over the past few decades, over 30 RCA methods have been developed. These techniques are being widely used in some industries, such as the nuclear and aircraft industries; however, most of the RCA techniques require professional knowledge and special training, making it difficult for safety managers in their respective fields to understand and apply them. Therefore, managers of general industrial sites are rarely present at the scene of actual accident investigations, and they cannot contribute much to the purpose and effectiveness of these investigations. In this study, to address these issues, we developed an RCA technique to facilitate root cause investigation of accidents in real-world industrial sites. To develop new techniques, Systematic Cause Analysis Technique (SCAT), one of the RCA techniques, was used to investigate incidents in the enterprise over three years. We also utilized feature analysis and other papers from existing RCA techniques. To verify its effectiveness, the technique proposed was also applied to the accident case. The technique developed can easily identify and analyze the root cause of an accident and help industrial managers. It can also identify the root cause category where accidents are concentrated and use this data to establish guidelines for preventing future accidents and, thus, focus on prioritizing improvement initiatives.

16-QAM 신호에 대한 CCA 적응 등화 알고리즘 성능 분석

임승각,Lim, Seung-Gag 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2013 한국인터넷방송통신학회 논문지 Vol.13 No.1

본 논문은 시분산 통신 채널에서 부호간 간섭을 수신측에서 경감시키기 위하여 사용되는 CCA (Compact Constellation Algorithm) 적응 등화 알고리즘의 성능을 비교하였다. 이 알고리즘은 기본적으로 CMA 등화기의 위상 미복원 문제를 해결하기 위하여 등장하였으며 DDA(Decision Directed Algorithm)와 RCA(Reduced Constellation Algorithm)의 개념을 조합하였다. DDA는 단일 레벨 신호에 대해서는 안정된 수렴 특성을 갖지만 다중 레벨의 수가 큰 QAM 신호에 대해서는 매우 불안한 문제점을 가지며, RCA는 초기 수렴 상태가 보장되지 않거나, 수렴후 안정 상태에서 misadjustment에 의한 등화 잡음이 DDA보다 큰 문제점이 있으므로, 이와 같은 점들을 개선하기 위해 CCA 적응 등화 알고리즘이 등장하였다. CCA 적응 등화 알고리즘의 성능 분석을 위하여 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, 이를 위해 수신측에서의 등화기 출력 신호인 복원된 신호 성상도, 잔류 isi와 MD (Maximum Distortion) 곡선에 의한 수렴 특성 및 SER (Symbol Error Rate) 성능을 DDA, RCA와 비교하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 모든 성능 지수에서 DDA가 가장 우월하였지만 수렴이 보장되지 않으며, 멀티 레벨 신호에서의 불안정성이 있으므로 이를 해결할 수 있는 CCA가 RCA보다 우월한 성능을 가짐을 확인하였다. This paper deals with the performance anlysis of CCA adaptive equalization algorithm, that is used for reduction of intersymbol interference at the receiving side which occurs in the time dispersive communication channel. Basically, this algorithm is borned for the solving phase unrecovery problem in the CMA equalizer, and the comines the concept of DDA (Decision Directed Algorithm) and RCA (Reduce Constellation Algorithm). The DDA has a stable convergence characteristics in unilevel signal, but not in the number of levels in multilevel signal such as QAM, so it has unstable problem. The RCA does not provide reliable initial convergence. And even after convergence, the equalization noise due to the steady state misadjustment exhibited by it is very high as compared to DDA. For the solving the abovemensioned point, the CCA adaptive eualization alogorithm has borned. In order to performance analysis of CCA algorithm, the recovered signal constellation that is the output of the equalizer, the convergence characteristic by the residual isi and MD (maximum distortion), the SER characteristic are used by computer simulation and it was compared with the DDA, RCA respectively. As a result of simulation, the DDA has superior performance than other algoithm, but it has a convergence unguarantee and unstability in the multilevel signal. In order to solving this problem, the CCA has more good performance than RCA in every performance index.

한국의 주요 서비스산업 수출경쟁력 분석을 위한 현시비교우위지수간의 비교분석과 시사점

정분도,윤봉주,전우근 한국무역연구원 2009 무역연구 Vol.5 No.3

The purpose of this paper analyzes competitive power of Korean service industry and comparison of RCA index. RCA index was used Balassa, Vollrath and Ferto & Hubbard` s RCA. In financial services occasion, competitiveness in exports is rising but import is increasing, transport service is increasing export and import at the same time. TSI, RCA, F.H.RCA index have thel comparative advantage. but Korean government must strengthen political support to travel service, other business services that the scale of the deficit is expanded. Vollarth's RCA index does not appear import competitive power. But, Ferto and Hubbard's RCA index is displaying import competitive power. Therefore, international competitiveness analysis is efficient as analyze competitive power through Ferto and Hubbard's RCA index analysis.

한국의 주요 서비스산업 수출경쟁력 분석을 위한 현시비교우위지수간의 비교분석과 시사점

정분도(Boon-Do Jeong),윤봉주(Bong-Ju Yun),전우근(Woo-Keun Jeon) 한국무역연구원 2009 貿易 硏究 Vol.5 No.3

The purpose of this paper analyzes competitive power of Korean service industry and comparison of RCA index. RCA index was used Balassa, Vollrath and Ferto & Hubbard` s RCA. In financial services occasion, competitiveness in exports is rising but import is increasing, transport service is increasing export and import at the same time. TSI, RCA, F.H.RCA index have thel comparative advantage. but Korean government must strengthen political support to travel service, other business services that the scale of the deficit is expanded. Vollarth's RCA index does not appear import competitive power. But, Ferto and Hubbard's RCA index is displaying import competitive power. Therefore, international competitiveness analysis is efficient as analyze competitive power through Ferto and Hubbard's RCA index analysis.

RCA-CAC분석을 통해 본 한국의 대EU 수출경쟁력

김주리 한국외국어대학교 EU연구소 2018 EU연구 Vol.- No.50

In this study, the export competitiveness of Korea's 20 largest export items in the EU market and the global market is compared and analyzed using the RCA and CAC index in order to analyze the cause of the Korea's Trade Deficit with EU after the Korea-EU FTA. As a result of the RCA-CAC analysis, Korea-EU trade showed a typical trade pattern among developed countries with a capital-intensive export product structure. In terms of technology -intensive items, Korea was in a relatively inferior position compared to the EU, and Korea's export competitiveness in the capital-labor mixed export items was superior to the EU. In particular, the comparative advantages in the EU market since the entry into force of the Korea-EU FTA were automobiles and parts, steel products, oil and cosmetics, and knitting, among which oil and cosmetics were more competitive in export in the EU market than in the international market. Meanwhile, the EU's competitive advantage in the Korean market was automobiles and parts, machinery, ships, and copper products. The European machinery, which has improved its competitiveness in the Korean market since the FTA took effect, has contributed to the increase in Korea's EU imports. Especially, the increase in imports of machinery, which is equivalent to the EU's comparatively inferior export, is the result of the importation of parts and intermediate goods imported from Japan into EU products. Therefore, Korea should identify the cause of its declining competitiveness after the Korea-EU FTA. In the capital-labor mixed export item group, self-help measures should be prepared to strengthen the constitution from price competitiveness to quality competitiveness. In addition, Korea should take a two-sided strategy to enhance import suppression and promote exports through quality differentiation strategies in product groups that are improving competitiveness simultaneously in mutual markets. And the government should actively respond to the EU's safety guard survey on Korean steel products, which are improving their competitiveness in the EU market. 이 연구에서는 한-EU FTA 체결 이후 발생하고 있는 한국의 대EU 무역역조 현상의 원인을 분석하기 위하여 20대 수출품목의 대EU 및 대세계 수출경쟁력을 RCA, CAC지수를 이용하여 비교 분석하고 있다. RCA-CAC분석 결과, 한-EU 무역은 유사한 자본집약형 수출상품구조를 띤 전형적인 선진국 간 무역패턴을 보였고, 기술집약적 품목군에 있어서 한국은 EU에 비해 비교열위 상태이며, 자본-노동 혼합형 수출품목에서는 한국의 수출경쟁력이 EU보다 비교우위를 점하고 있었다. 특히, 한-EU FTA 발효 이후 EU 시장에서 경쟁력이 개선된 비교우위 수출품은 자동차&부품(87), 철강제품(73), 정유/화장품(33), 편물(60)이었고, 그중에서 정유/화장품(33)은 국제시장보다 EU 시장에서의 수출경쟁력이 더 높았다. 한편, 한국시장에서 경쟁력이 개선된 EU의 비교우위품목은 자동차&부품(87), 기계류(84), 선박(89), 구리제품(74)이었고, 기계류(84)도 FTA 발효 이후 한국시장에서 경쟁력이 개선되면서 한국의 대EU 수입 규모를 증가시키는 원인으로 작용하였다. 특히 EU의 비교열위 수출품에 해당하는 기계류(84)의 수입증가는 일본으로부터 수입하던 부품 소재와 중간재 등의 수입이 EU 제품으로 전환된, 한-EU FTA로 말미암는 무역전환 효과의 귀결이라 하겠다. 따라서 한국은 한-EU FTA 체결 이후 대EU 비교열위 상태가 심화되고 있는 수출품목에 대한 원인 규명과 경쟁력 향상방안을 재검토하고, 자본-노동 혼합형 수출품목군에 있어서는 가격경쟁력에서 품질경쟁력으로의 체질 강화를 위한 자구책을 조속히 마련해야 할 것이다. 그리고 상호시장에서 동시적으로 경쟁력이 개선되고 있는 자동차&부품(87) 등의 제품군에 대해서는 품질 차별화 전략을 통해 수입억제력을 제고시키는 동시에 수출촉진을 도모하는 양동 전략을 강구하여야 할 것으로 보인다. 특히, FTA 발효 이후 EU 시장에서 경쟁력이 개선되고 있는 한국산 철강제품에 대한 EU의 세이프가드 조사에 대응하여 정부 차원의 적극적인 대응책이 모색되어야 할 것이다.