북한산국립공원 도봉산 송추-도봉 구간의 능선부 식생구조

엄태원 ( Tae Won Um ),김갑태 ( Gab Tae Kim ) 한국환경생태학회 2008 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.22 No.2

북한산국립공원 능선부 식생구조를 파악하고자, 송추~도봉구간 능선부에 방형구(400㎡) 22개를 설정하여 식생을 조사하였다. 식물군집을 분류한 결과 22개 조사구는 신갈나무군집, 신갈나무-소나무군집의 2개 군집으로 분류되었다. 도봉산 송추-도봉지구 구간의 능선부는 대부분 신갈나무가 우점하고 있었으며, 해발고가 낮은 일부지역에서 소나무, 졸참나무, 상수리나무 등이 혼효하고 있었다. 수종간의 상관관계에서는 신갈나무와 졸참나무, 졸참나무와 당단풍, 소나무와 당단풍은 부의 상관이 인정되었고, 상수리나무와 졸참나무, 신갈나무와 진달래, 리기다소나무와 철쭉꽃, 팥배나무와 진달래, 리기다소나무와 소나무, 소나무와 아까시나무, 당단풍과 쪽동백나무, 함박꽃나무와 노린재나무는 정의 상관이 인정되었다. 조사지의 군집별 종다양성 지수는 0.997~1.160 범위로 다른 국립공원들의 식생구조와 비슷하였다. To investigate the vegetation structure of the mountain ridges ranging from Songchu to Dobong, this research set up 22 plots(400㎡) as survey target areas. As a result of the analysis of woody plant cluster, it was classified as two groups- Quercus mongolica community and Quercus mongolica-Pinus densiflora ommunity. Quercus mongolica was found as a mostly dominant woody plant species in the ridge areas from Songchu to Dobong, while Pinus densiflora, Quercus serrata and Quercus acutissima were mixed up partly in low altitudes. High negative correlations were shown between Quercus mongolica and Quercus serrata, Quercus serrata and Acer pseudosieboldianum, Pinus densiflora and Acer pseudosieboldianum, and relatively high positive correlations were found to exist between Quercus acutissima and Quercus serrata; Quercus mongolica and Rhododendron mucronulatum; Pinus rigida and Rhododendron schlippenbachii; Sorbus alnifolia and Rhododendron mucronulatum; Pinus rigida and Pinus densiflora; Pinus densiflora and Robinia pseudoacacia; Acer pseudosieboldianum and Styrax obassia; Magnolia sieboldii and Symplocos chinensis. Species diversity index(H`) by community at the surveyed areas stayed in the scope of 0.997~1.160, which indexes showed nothing different from the vegetation structure of other national parks.

Research Note : The Effect of Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae Inoculations on the Formation of Non-conductive Sapwood of Quercus mongolica

( Masato Torii ),( Yosuke Matsuda ),( Sang Tae Seo ),( Kyung Hee Kim ),( Shin Ichiro Ito ),( Myung Jin Moon ),( Seong Hwan Kim ),( Toshihiro Yamada ) 한국균학회 2014 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.42 No.2

In Korea, mass mortality of Quercus mongolica trees has become obvious since 2004. Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae is believed to be a causal fungus contributing the mortality. To evaluate the pathogenicity of the fungus to the trees, the fungus was multiple- and single-inoculated to the seedlings and twigs of the mature trees, respectively. In both the inoculations, the fungus was reisolated from more than 50% of inoculated twigs and seedlings. In the single inoculations, proportions of the transverse area of non-conductive sapwood at inoculation points and vertical lengths of discoloration expanded from the points were significantly different between the inoculation treatment and the control. In the multiple inoculations, no mortality was confirmed among the seedlings examined. These results showed that R. quercus-mongolicae can colonize sapwood, contribute to sapwood discoloration and disrupt sap flows around inoculation sites of Q. mongolica, although the pathogenicity of the fungus was not proven.

Population Dynamics of Quercus mongolica in Mt. Jumbong

Cho, Do-Soon The Ecological Society of Korea 1999 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.22 No.6

Distribution of size class, population regeneration and changes in the population structure of Quercus mongolica were studied from 1994 to 1999 in Mt. Jumbong (128°27' E, 38° 04' N) of Mt. Sorak National Park and Biosphere Reserve in central Korea. Three 20m × 20m permanent quadrats were set up at the elevation of 900m. The vegetation of the study site was dominated by Quercus mongolica and Acer pseudosieboldianum, but little change was observed in the community structure from 1995 to 1999. Most mortality in the study site was observed in small trees of A. pseudosieboldianum and Tilia amurensis. Mean annual growth in dbh (diameter of breast height) of Q. mongolica for 4 years was only 0.09cm, and no ingrowth of saplings (dbh < 2.5cm) into tree class was observed during the study period. Among the 21 Q. mongolica trees studied in the permanent quadrats. all the smaller trees (dbh < 30cm) were established in 1920 ∼ 1950, while many bigger trees (with 40cm < dbh < 80cm) were established in 1750 ∼ 1800, indicating that its establishment was episodic. Distribution of dbh classes among Q. mongolica trees shows that smaller trees were poorly represented, and no saplings of Q. mongolica occurred in the permanent quadrats studied, indicating that currently Q. mongolica is not regenerating well in the study site. Total seed production of Q. mongolica in 1994 was estimated as 88 acorns per square meter in the study site. Rate of predation including caching of acorns was highest in 1994, then declined sharply thereafter. Most of the acorns which managed to survive in the first year were predated in the second year, and only 5% of the acorns produced in 1994 survived into the third year. No seeds produced in 1994 or seedlings germinated from them succeeded to survive to 5 years after seed production. However, seedling emergence rate and seedling survival were high in the early growing season in 1995. These results suggest that predation can be a significant factor in the regeneration of Q. mongolica. and that Q. mongolica is not regenerating well in Mt. Jumbong and needs large scale disturbances for its new recruitment.

Fungal Community Analyses of Endophytic Fungi from Two Oak Species, Quercus mongolica and Quercus serrata, in Korea

( Manh Ha Nguyen ),( Keum Chul Shin ),( Jong Kyu Lee ) 한국균학회 2021 Mycobiology Vol.49 No.4

Fungal endophytes have been recorded in various plant species with a richness of diversity, and their presence plays an essential role in host plant protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. This study applied the Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform based on the amplification of fungal ribosomal ITS2 region to analyze fungal endophytic communities of two oak species (Quercus mongolica and Q. serrata) with different oak wilt disease susceptibilities in Korea. The results showed a total of 230,768 sequencing reads were obtained and clustered at a 97% similarity threshold into 709 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The OTUs of Q. serrata were higher than that of Q. mongolica with the number of 617 OTUs and 512 OTUs, respectively. Shannon index also showed that Q. serrata had a significantly higher level of fungal diversity than Q. mongolica. Total of OTUs were assigned into 5 fungal phyla, 17 classes, 60 orders, 133 families, 195 genera, and 280 species. Ascomycota was the dominant phylum with 75.11% relative abundance, followed by Basidiomycota with 5.28%. Leptosillia, Aureobasidium and Acanthostigma were the most abundant genera detected in Q. serrata with the average relative abundance of 2.85, 2.76, and 2.19%, respectively. On the other hand, Peltaster, Cladosporium and Monochaetia were the most common genera detected in Q. mongolica with the average relative abundance of 4.83, 3.03, and 2.87%, respectively. Our results indicated that fungal endophytic communities were significantly different between two oak species and these differences could influence responses of host trees to oak wilt disease caused by Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae.

오대산국립공원 중대사-비로봉 구간 식물군집구조

한봉호 ( Bong Ho Han ),최진우 ( Jin Woo Choi ),노태환 ( Tai Hwan Noh ),김동욱 ( Dong Wook Kim ) 한국환경생태학회 2015 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.29 No.5

본 연구는 오대산국립공원 해발 1,000m 이상의 고지대인 중대사~비로봉 구간에 대한 산림식생현황 및 천이계열, 변화양상을 파악하는데 그 목적이 있다. 중대사~비로봉 구간의 식물군집구조를 파악하기 위하여 20m×20m(400㎡)의 방형구 17개소를 설정하였다. 설정된 조사구별 상대우점치, 흉고직경급별 분포, 표본목의 생장량 및 수령, 유사도지수, 종다양도지수 등을 분석하였다. DCA분석 결과, 군집 Ⅰ(신갈나무-피나무군집), 군집 Ⅱ(신갈나무-낙엽활엽수군집), 군집Ⅲ(신갈나무-잣나무군집), 군집Ⅳ(전나무-신갈나무군집), 군집 Ⅴ(전나무-낙엽활엽수군집) 등 5개 식물군집으로 분류되었다. 조사구별 상대우점치 분석결과, 신갈나무는 해발고가 높을수록, 전나무는 해발고가 낮을수록 군집내 상대 우점치가 높아지는 경향을 나타내었다. 군집Ⅰ, 군집 Ⅱ, 군집 Ⅲ은 현상태가 지속적으로 유지될 것으로 판단되었으며, 군집 Ⅳ, 군집Ⅴ에서는 신갈나무의 세력이 약화될 것으로 파악되었다. 표본목의 수령은 85~161년(평균 123년)이었다. 유사도지수 분석결과 5개의 군집은 이질성이 강한 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 높은 해발고의 군집 Ⅰ과 낮은 해발고의 군집 Ⅳ, Ⅴ간의 이질성이 높았다. 단위면적 400㎡당 샤논의 종다양도지수를 분석한 결과, 군집 Ⅲ(1.1109) > 군집 Ⅱ(1.0475) > 군집 Ⅰ(1.0125) > 군집 Ⅳ(0.9918) > 군집 Ⅴ(0.8686)의 순으로 높았다. 신갈나무가 우점하는 군집의 종다양도는 과거 연구 및 주변 지역 연구 결과와 비교하여 유사한 반면, 전나무가 우점하는 군집의 경우 다소 낮은것으로 확인되었다. This study aims to identify the structure of the plant community, and the ecological succession sere and the change in the forest ecosystem in Jungdaesa-Birobong area, Odaesan National Park_(i._e., located at high altitudes(over 1,000m)). It seeks to offer the basic data for the planning of vegetation management. In order to verify the status of the forest vegetation between Jungdaesa-Birobong, seventeen plots(size is 20m×20m) were set up as research sites at high altitudes. Importance value, distribution by diameter at breast height(DBH), the growth volume and age of the sample trees, similarity index and species diversity index of each survey plot were analysed. According to the results of DCA(Detrended Correspondence Analysis), one of the multivariate statistical techniques. It was found that the plant communities were classified into five groups: community Ⅰ_(Quercus mongolica-Tilia amurensis community), community Ⅱ_(Q. mongolica-Deciduous broad-leaved community), community Ⅲ_(Q. mongolica-Pinus koraiensis community), community Ⅳ_(Abies holophylla-Q. mongolica community) and community Ⅴ_(A. holophylla-Deciduous broad-leaved community). Community Ⅰwhich is dominated by Quercus mongolica and Deciduous broad-leaved communities is located at an altitude of over 1,300 meters(ranging from 1,335m to 1,495m), the community Ⅳand Ⅴwhich are dominated by Abies holophylla are located at an altitude of under 1,200 meters(ranging from 1,115m to 1,175m) and the community Ⅱand Ⅲwhich include the main species of Quercus mongolica, Pinus koraiensis and Abies holophylla are located at an altitude of between 1,160 meters and 1,300 meters. The results showed that Quercus mongolica tends to have a higher importance value of woody species at a higher altitude while Abies holophylla tends to have higher importance value at a lower altitude. For the importance value woody species and .DBH class distribution, the communites Ⅰ, Ⅱand Ⅲare expected to continuously maintain the present status. Whereas, for the influence of communities Ⅳand Ⅴ, Q. mongolica is predicted to be weakened. The age of sample trees was between 85 and 161; the average age was 123. The index of Shannon``s Species diversity (H``) showed heterogeneity was found among community Ⅰ_(i._e., located at high altitude) and communities Ⅳand Ⅴ_(i._e., located at low altitude). As a results of analysing the index of Shannon``s Species diversity (H``: unit: 400㎡), community Ⅲshowed the highest diversity intex with 1.1109 followed by community Ⅱwith 1.0475, community Ⅰwith 1.0125, community Ⅳwith 0.9918 and community Ⅴwith 0.8686. This study verified that the index of Shannon``s species was significantly different by plant communities. For instance, when comparing the index of Shannon``s species diversity in Quercus mongolica communities of this study and that of past relevant research, the value of index is very similar. However, the diversity index for the community which is dominated by Abies holophylla showed lower value when compared to the results from past relevant research.

오대산국립공원 중대사-비로봉 구간 식물군집구조

한봉호,최진우,노태환,김동욱 한국환경생태학회 2015 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.29 No.5

본 연구는 오대산국립공원 해발 1,000m 이상의 고지대인 중대사~비로봉 구간에 대한 산림식생현황 및 천이계열, 변화양상을 파악하는데 그 목적이 있다. 중대사~비로봉 구간의 식물군집구조를 파악하기 위하여 20m×20m(400㎡)의 방형구 17개소를 설정하였다. 설정된 조사구별 상대우점치, 흉고직경급별 분포, 표본목의 생장량 및 수령, 유사도지수, 종다양도지수 등을 분석하였다. DCA분석 결과, 군집 Ⅰ(신갈나무-피나무군집), 군집 Ⅱ(신갈나무-낙엽활엽수군집), 군집Ⅲ(신갈나무-잣나무군집), 군집Ⅳ(전나무-신갈나무군집), 군집 Ⅴ(전나무-낙엽활엽수군집) 등 5개 식물군집으로 분류되었다. 조사구별 상대우점치 분석결과, 신갈나무는 해발고가 높을수록, 전나무는 해발고가 낮을수록 군집내 상대 우점치가 높아지는 경향을 나타내었다. 군집Ⅰ, 군집 Ⅱ, 군집 Ⅲ은 현상태가 지속적으로 유지될 것으로 판단되었으며, 군집 Ⅳ, 군집Ⅴ에서는 신갈나무의 세력이 약화될 것으로 파악되었다. 표본목의 수령은 85~161년(평균 123년)이었다. 유사도지수 분석결과 5개의 군집은 이질성이 강한 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 높은 해발고의 군집 Ⅰ과 낮은 해발고의 군집 Ⅳ, Ⅴ간의 이질성이 높았다. 단위면적 400㎡당 샤논의 종다양도지수를 분석한 결과, 군집 Ⅲ(1.1109) > 군집 Ⅱ(1.0475) > 군집 Ⅰ(1.0125) > 군집 Ⅳ(0.9918) > 군집 Ⅴ(0.8686)의 순으로 높았다. 신갈나무가 우점하는 군집의 종다양도는 과거 연구 및 주변 지역 연구 결과와 비교하여 유사한 반면, 전나무가 우점하는 군집의 경우 다소 낮은 것으로 확인되었다. This study aims to identify the structure of the plant community, and the ecological succession sere and the change in the forest ecosystem in Jungdaesa-Birobong area, Odaesan National Park_(i._e., located at high altitudes(over 1,000m)). It seeks to offer the basic data for the planning of vegetation management. In order to verify the status of the forest vegetation between Jungdaesa-Birobong, seventeen plots(size is 20m×20m) were set up as research sites at high altitudes. Importance value, distribution by diameter at breast height(DBH), the growth volume and age of the sample trees, similarity index and species diversity index of each survey plot were analysed. According to the results of DCA(Detrended Correspondence Analysis), one of the multivariate statistical techniques. It was found that the plant communities were classified into five groups: communityⅠ_(Quercus mongolica-Tilia amurensis community), community Ⅱ_(Q. mongolica-Deciduous broad-leaved community), community Ⅲ_(Q. mongolica-Pinus koraiensis community), community Ⅳ_(Abies holophylla-Q. mongolica community) and community Ⅴ_(A. holophylla-Deciduous broad-leaved community). Community Ⅰwhich is dominated by Quercus mongolica and Deciduous broad-leaved communities is located at an altitude of over 1,300 meters(ranging from 1,335m to 1,495m), the community Ⅳand Ⅴwhich are dominated by Abies holophylla are located at an altitude of under 1,200 meters(ranging from 1,115m to 1,175m) and the community Ⅱand Ⅲwhich include the main species of Quercus mongolica, Pinus koraiensis and Abies holophylla are located at an altitude of between 1,160 meters and 1,300 meters. The results showed that Quercus mongolica tends to have a higher importance value of woody species at a higher altitude while Abies holophylla tends to have higher importance value at a lower altitude. For the importance value woody species and –DBH class distribution, the communites Ⅰ, Ⅱand Ⅲare expected to continuously maintain the present status. Whereas, for the influence of communities Ⅳand Ⅴ, Q. mongolica is predicted to be weakened. The age of sample trees was between 85 and 161; the average age was 123. The index of Shannon's Species diversity (H') showed heterogeneity was found among community Ⅰ_(i._e., located at high altitude) and communities Ⅳand Ⅴ_(i._e., located at low altitude). As a results of analysing the index of Shannon's Species diversity (H': unit: 400㎡), community Ⅲshowed the highest diversity intex with 1.1109 followed by community Ⅱwith 1.0475, community Ⅰwith 1.0125, community Ⅳwith 0.9918 and community Ⅴwith 0.8686. This study verified that the index of Shannon's species was significantly different by plant communities. For instance, when comparing the index of Shannon's species diversity in Quercus mongolica communities of this study and that of past relevant research, the value of index is very similar. However, the diversity index for the community which is dominated by Abies holophylla showed lower value when compared to the results from past relevant research.

강원도 대관령 목장 현존식생 및 식물군집구조

노태환 ( Tai Hwan Noh ),한봉호 ( Bong Ho Han ),김종엽 ( Jong Yup Kim ),이민영 ( Min Young Lee ),유기준 ( Ki Joon Yoo ) 한국환경생태학회 2013 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.27 No.5

본 연구는 온대 북부 기후대에 위치한 강원도 대관령 목장 산림생태계의 현존식생, 식물군집구조, 천이계열 특성과 보전가치를 밝히고, 향후 복원 및 관리계획 수립 시 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 수행하였다. 현존식생은 총 56개 유형으로 분류되었고, 조사면적 19,397,361㎡ 중 신갈나무가 우점하는 지역은 7,669,593㎡(39.1%), 1차 초지 지역은 4,785,417㎡(24.7%), 신갈나무-낙엽활엽수군집이 우점하는 지역은 2,182,276㎡(11.3%)이었다. 조사구는 20m×20m (400㎡) 28개소를 설정하였으며, DCA분석 결과 군집 Ⅰ(소나무-신갈나무군집), 군집 Ⅱ(신갈나무-소나무군집), 군집 Ⅲ(신갈나무군집), 군집 Ⅳ(신갈나무-낙엽활엽수군집), 군집 Ⅴ(낙엽활엽수군집), 군집 Ⅵ(팥배나무군집) 등 6개의 식물군집으로 분류되었다. 표본목 수령은 군집 Ⅰ은 57~62년생, 군집 Ⅱ는 41~77년생, 군집 Ⅲ은 47~108년생, 군집 Ⅳ는 47~82년생, 군집 Ⅴ는 47년생, 군집 Ⅵ은 55년생으로 전체적으로 41~108년생이었다. 대관령 목장의 생태적 천이는 소나무군집에서 신갈나무군집으로 발달하고 있는 것으로 예측되었으며, 계곡부를 중심으로 낙엽활엽수군집도 분포하고 있었다. 단위면적 400㎡당 샤논의 종다양도지수를 분석한 결과, 군집 Ⅳ(0.8203~1.1439) → 군집 Ⅲ(0.8019~1.1375) → 군집 Ⅴ(1.0993) → 군집 Ⅰ(0.9475~1.0797) → 군집 Ⅱ(0.6896~1.0324) → 군집 Ⅵ(0.9909) 순으로 높았다. This study was carried out to investigate the actual vegetation, the structure of plant community, and ecological succession sere of forest ecosystem in temperate northern climate zone, Daegwallyeong Ranch, Gangwon-do (Province) and to offer the basic data for planning of the forest managemant. As a result of analysis of actual vegetation, vegetation types divided into 56types and the area of survey site was 19,397,361㎡. The ratio of vegetation type dominated by Quercus mongolica forest was 39.1%, primary grassland was 24.7%, Quercus mongolica-Deciduous broad-leaved forest was 11.3%. Twenty eight plots (size is 20m×20m) were set up and the results analyzed by DCA which in one of the ordination technique showed that the plant communities were divided into six groups which area community Ⅰ (Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community), community Ⅱ (Quercus mongolica-Pinus densiflora community), community Ⅲ (Quercus mongolica community), community Ⅳ (Quercus mongolica-Deciduous broad-leaved community), community Ⅴ (Deciduous broad-leaved community), community Ⅵ (Sorbus alnifolia community). The age of community Ⅰwas ranged from 57 to 62 years old, that of community Ⅱ was ranged from 41 to 77 years old, community Ⅲ was ranged from 47 to 108 years old, community Ⅳ was ranged from 47 to 82 years old, community Ⅴ was 47 years old, community Ⅵ was 55 years old, thus we supposed that the age of the study site is about from 41 to 108 years old. The Ecological succession is predicted from Pinus densiflora community to Quercus mongolica community and Deciduous broad-leaved were distributed in the center of the valley in Daegwallyeong Ranch. According to the index of Shannon``s diversity (unit: 400㎡), community Ⅳ was ranged from 0.8203 to 1.1439, community Ⅲ was ranged from 0.8019 to 1.1375, community Ⅴ was 1.0993, community Ⅰ was ranged from 0.9475 to 1.0797, community Ⅱ was ranged from 0.6896 to 1.0324, community Ⅵ was 0.9909.

살균제 나무주사를 이용한 참나무 시들음병 방제 효과

손수연,서상태,박지현 한국식물병리학회 2014 식물병연구 Vol.20 No.4

Oak wilt caused by Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae was first noticed in South Korea in 2004 and, ever since, itsdistribution and damage have been increasing. To screen a fungicide effective for oak wilt control by tree injection,laboratory and field experiments were conducted. Ten fungicides and one antibiotic were examined in vivofor their effectiveness in restricting the growth of R. quercus-mongolicae and R. quercivora (Japanese oak wiltpathogen) isolates. To the Korean isolates of R. quercus-mongolicae, chlorothalonil showed the highest fungicidaleffects, followed by benomyl and propiconazole. To the Japanese one, propiconazole was highest in the fungicidal effectiveness, followed by benomyl and bitertanol. Propiconazole was selected for field-testing of its control efficacy because it showed good fungicidal effects in vitro and systemic activity. The control efficacy in the field was 87.5% in the first year of injection and 66.7% in the second year, indicating the fungicidal effects last at least over one year. Oak wilt caused by Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae was first noticed in South Korea in 2004 and, ever since, itsdistribution and damage have been increasing. To screen a fungicide effective for oak wilt control by tree injection, laboratory and field experiments were conducted. Ten fungicides and one antibiotic were examined in vivo for their effectiveness in restricting the growth of R. quercus-mongolicae and R. quercivora (Japanese oak wiltpathogen) isolates. To the Korean isolates of R. quercus-mongolicae, chlorothalonil showed the highest fungicidaleffects, followed by benomyl and propiconazole. To the Japanese one, propiconazole was highest in the fungicidaleffectiveness, followed by benomyl and bitertanol. Propiconazole was selected for field-testing of its controlefficacy because it showed good fungicidal effects in vitro and systemic activity. The control efficacy in thefield was 87.5% in the first year of injection and 66.7% in the second year, indicating the fungicidal effects lastat least over one year.

The Effect of Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae Inoculations on the Formation of Non-conductive Sapwood of Quercus mongolica

Torii, Masato,Matsuda, Yosuke,Seo, Sang Tae,Kim, Kyung Hee,Ito, Shin-Ichiro,Moon, Myung Jin,Kim, Seong Hwan,Yamada, Toshihiro The Korean Society of Mycology 2014 Mycobiology Vol.42 No.2

In Korea, mass mortality of Quercus mongolica trees has become obvious since 2004. Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae is believed to be a causal fungus contributing the mortality. To evaluate the pathogenicity of the fungus to the trees, the fungus was multiple- and single-inoculated to the seedlings and twigs of the mature trees, respectively. In both the inoculations, the fungus was reisolated from more than 50% of inoculated twigs and seedlings. In the single inoculations, proportions of the transverse area of non-conductive sapwood at inoculation points and vertical lengths of discoloration expanded from the points were significantly different between the inoculation treatment and the control. In the multiple inoculations, no mortality was confirmed among the seedlings examined. These results showed that R. quercus-mongolicae can colonize sapwood, contribute to sapwood discoloration and disrupt sap flows around inoculation sites of Q. mongolica, although the pathogenicity of the fungus was not proven.

오대산 국립공원 계방산 일대 삼림식생의 군락분포에 관한 연구

김창환,오장근,강은옥,유칠선,임진근 한국하천호수학회 2014 생태와 환경 Vol.47 No.3

오대산 국립공원 계방산(해발고도 1,577 m) 일대의 산 지삼림식생은 산지낙엽활엽수림, 산지습성림, 산지침엽수 림, 아고산침엽수림, 아고산활엽수림, 식재림으로 세분되 었으며, 기타식생으로 다래군락, 농경지 등이 조사되었다. 상관대분류에 의하여 구분된 각각의 산지삼림식생을 구성하고 있는 분포군락수는 산지낙엽활엽수림은 33개 군락, 산지습성림 41개 군락, 산지침엽수림 8개 군락, 아 고산침엽수림 4개 군락, 아고산활엽수림 2개 군락, 식재 림 6개 군락, 기타식생 4개 군락이 조사되었다. 조사된 주요 군락의 분포 비율을 보면 산지낙엽활엽 수림은 신갈나무군락이 30,909,942.967 m2의 80.220% 로 가장 높은 분포 비율로 조사되었고, 굴참나무군락이 1,067,479.335m2의 2.770%를 차지하고 있으며, 계방산 일대 산지낙엽활엽수림의 65.755%는 신갈나무가 우점 또는 차우점종으로 분포하고 있다. 산지습성림은 물푸레 나무- 가래나무군락이 전체의 10.955%를 차지하고 있으 며, 물푸레나무와 상층부의 식피율이 비슷하여 혼생군락 을 이루고 있는 군락은 10개 군락으로 전체의 32.776% 를 차지하고 있다. 산지침엽수림은 소나무와 이와 혼생 하는 군락이 전체의 100%로서 산지침염수림은 소나무 가 상층부에서 우점종으로 나타나는 군락의 양상을 나타 내고 있다. 기타식생에서 아고산침엽수림은 전나무- 신갈 나무군락 등 총 4개 군락이 조사되었으며 오대산 국립 공원 전체 식생면적의 4.980%를 차지하고 있다. 아고산 활엽수립은 사스래나무- 층층나무군락 등 총 2개 군락이 조사되었으며 오대산 국립공원 전체 식생면적의 0.006% 를 차지하고 있다. 식재림은 일본잎갈나무가 식재림 전 체의 51.652%로 가장 많이 식재되었으며, 자작나무가 38.975%, 잣나무가 7.969%로 3개 수종이 전체의 98.565 %로 대부분이 이들 3종에 의하여 식재되어졌다. 결론적으로 오대산 국립공원 계방산 일대의 산림식생 은 신갈나무가 최상층부의 우점종으로 구성되어 있으며, 이들 종들과 관련된 수많은 군락들은 식생천이 및 기후 적 요인들에 의하여 군락 대체가 매우 빠르게 일어날 것으로 보인다. 따라서 이 지역 일대 잠재 자연 식생의 주요종은 산지낙엽활엽수림은 신갈나무, 산지습성림은 가래나무, 들메나무, 산지낙엽활엽수림은 신갈나무, 산지 습성림은 물푸레나무, 가래나무, 들메나무, 산지낙엽활엽 수림과 산지습성림의 경계부 중 습도가 높은 계곡부는 층층나무, 들메나무, 사면부는 신갈나무로 대체가 빠르 게 일어날 것으로 보인다. 그러나 아고산의 침염수림은 기후온난화, 인위적 교란 등에 의하여 점차적으로 낙엽 활엽수의 분포비율이 증가할 것으로 보인다. The mountain forest vegetation of Gyebangsan (1,577 m) in Odaesan National Park is classified into deciduous broad-leaved forest, mountain valley forest, coniferous forest, subalpine coniferous forest, subalpine deciduous forest, plantation forest, and other vegetation which includes Actinidia argute community and agricultural land. As for the number of communities distributed in the each forest vegetation which were categorized by the physiognomy classification, deciduous broad-leaved forest had 33 communities, mountain valley forest 41 communities, coniferous forest 8 communities, subalpine coniferous forest 4 communities, subalpine deciduous forest 2 communities, plantation forest 6 communities and other vegetation 4 communities. Regarding the distribution rate of communities in the vegetation, in the deciduous broad-leaved forest. Quercus mongolica community accounted for 80.226% with 30,909,942.967m2, followed by Quercus variabilis community of 2.771% with 1,067,479.335m2. 55.463% of deciduous broad-leaved forest in the Gyebangsan had Quercus mongolica as a dominant or second dominant species. In the mountain valley forest, Fraxinus rhynchophylla - Juglans mandshurica community accounted for 10.955%. And there were ten mixed communities having Fraxinus rhynchophylla and upper layer at a similar level of coverage, taking up 32.776%. In the coniferous forest, Pinus densiflora and the community living with Pinus densiflora accounted for 100%, showing that the coniferous forest has the community with Pinus densiflora as a dominant species at upper layer. For other vegetation, subalpine coniferous forest had a total of four communities including Abies holophylla - Quercus mongolica community, and accounted for 4.980% of vegetation area of Odaesan National Park. Two communities including Betula ermani - Cornus controversa community were found in the subalpine deciduous forest, taking up 0.006% of total vegetation area of Odaesan National Park. Regarding plantation forest, Larix leptolepis was planted the most with 51.652%, followed by Betula platyphylla var. japonica with 38.975%, and Pinus koraiensis with 7.969%. These three species combined accounted for 98.565%. In conclusion, the forest vegetation found in the Gyebangsan of Odaesan National Park has Quercus mongolica as a dominant species at the top layer. A lot of other communities related with this species are expected to be quickly replaced due to vegetation succession and climatic causes. Therefore, Quercus mongolica is expected to become the main species in the deciduous broad-leaved forest, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Juglans mandshurica and Fraxinus mandshuricain the mountain valley forest. Around the border line between deciduous broad-leaved forest and mountain valley forest, highly humid valley area is expected to be quickly taken up by Cornus controversa and Fraxinus mandshurica, and the slope area by Quercus mongolica. However, in the subalpine coniferous forest, the distribution rate of deciduous broad-leaved trees is expected to increase due to climate warming.