사회문제해결을 위한 정책, 제도, 사업과 공공디자인 진흥종합계획 구성요소의 연관성에 관한 연구

홍태의 ( Hong Taeeui ),이현성 ( Lee Hyungseung ),김주연 ( Kim Jooyun ) 한국공간디자인학회 2020 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.15 No.2

(Background and Purpose) Our country, which has achieved a rapid development under special circumstances, is believed to have many social problems of its own to overcome. As the country made technology-centered advance, not man-centered advance which should have led to national reconstruction through industrial development, our people had to seek development going through many inconveniences in community life. However, change of society and values at last made people not want such things any more and diverse alternatives needed accordingly. To meet them diverse policies and schemes were established, while professional policy, institution and project for social problem solving came into being. This study has a purpose to present the relationship available for public design in order to increase efficiency of the social problem solutions attempted in our country. (Method) Considering domestic and foreign literature on public design made it clear that public design is not a concept of universal beauty but it means procedural design in a problem solving area. The current of the times has embossed the concept of public design and the ripening civic society has drawn citizens’ attention to design, making the role of public design important. Through contents analysis, particular subjects or the contents repeatedly described or mentioned were drawn into keywords. These keywords were investigated to propose the role of public design through contextual analysis of the relationship between social problem solutions and public design. This study first, through contents analysis on domestic and foreign papers on public design, drew keywords repeatedly mentioned in public design to categorize. Based on the contents analyzed, component of public design was sorted into five kinds via contextual analysis which can integrate diverse key words into the same meaning. Second, three schemes of policy, ordinance and project which directly refer to social problem solving at home were analyzed with the index of relationship to public design via contents analysis and contextual analysis. (Results) This study proved the relationship of elements public design drawn via contents and contextual analysis to specific elements in social problem solutions. In social problem solving, public design should be grafted from the perspective of planning. (Conclusions) Public design has nothing to do with a traditional concept of design, an aesthetic element to support industries in the Industrial Age. Instead, this field embraces diversity and has procedural propensity. Public design seeks to solve social problems including characteristics of each problem. Public design embraces diversity and these diverse items need to be combined with public design in a pre-planned way that encompasses each of spheres. This study has an aim to propose relationship usable for public design in order to increase efficiency of the social problem solutions attempted in our country.

공공디자인 진흥종합계획에 따른 공공디자인 공모사업 시상 방향에 대한 연구 -유관 공모사업 비교 분석을 중심으로-

이종희(Lee, Jong Hee),최성호(Choi, Sung Ho) 한국디자인문화학회 2020 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.26 No.3

본 연구는 공공디자인 진흥에 관한 법률의 제정과 시행 이후 우리나라 공공디자인의 지속적인 발전 방향을 제시하고자 공공디자인 진흥종합계획에 기반한 공공디자인의 사업과 정책방향을 구체화할 필요성에서 출발하였다. 이를 위해 대표적인 국가 공모사업인 각종 공모전들의 시상내역을 살펴봄으로써 공공디자인 진흥종합계획에서 명시하고 있는 바대로 공공성에 기반을 둔 공공디자인의 취지에 맞는 작품에 시상되고 있는지 그 실상을 파악하고 앞으로의 공모전이 공공디자인의 지속적인 진흥기반을 바람직하게 구축하기 위해서는 어떠한 방향으로 나아가야 하는지를 다각적으로 모색하여 유의미한 시사점을 얻고 이를 바탕으로 개선방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 1) 공공디자인 관련 유관 공모전은 각 공모전 고유의 특성에 따라 시상의 방향은 각각 달랐지만 공공디자인 진흥종합계획이 표방하는 바를 비교적 충실하게 반영하고 있었다. 2) 미래의 공공디자인은 실사용자 참여 프로세스를 통한 국민의 의견반영과 공공의 유익을 우선으로 해결하는 디자인 행정전담 공무원, 그리고 전문가 등 협업이 그 성패를 좌우함을 제시하였다. 3) 국가 및 각 지역 고유의 문화 정체성을 역사, 음식, 자연경관 등 다양한 분야에서 적극적으로 찾아야할 필요성이 있음을 제안하였다. 마지막으로 공공디자인의 지속적인 진흥기반을 구축하기 위해서는 공공디자인 진흥종합계획에 기반한 공공디자인의 개념과 목적에 부합한 작품을 적극적으로 발굴하여 시상하는 방향으로의 접근이 중요함을 강조하였다. This study started from the need to materialize public design business and policy direction based on the Public Design Promotion Comprehensive Plan in order to suggest the direction of continuous development of public design in Korea after the enactment and enforcement of the Public Design Promotion Law. To this end, by reviewing the awards of various competitions, which are representative national competition projects, identify the reality of whether the awards are being made for works that meet the purpose of public design based on publicity, as specified in the Public Design Promotion Plan. In order to construct the foundation for the continuous promotion of public design, it is intended to seek meaningful suggestions by diversifying ways in which direction to proceed, and to suggest improvement measures based on this. The results of the study are as follows. 1) In relation to public design-related competitions, the direction of awards was different depending on the unique characteristics of each competition, but the public design promotion comprehensive plan reflected relatively faithfully. 2) For future public design, it was suggested that collaboration with public officials and experts in charge of design administration to resolve public interests and public interests through the real user participation process first and foremost. 3) It was suggested that there is a need to actively seek cultural identities unique to the country and each region in various fields such as history, food, and natural scenery. 4) Lastly, in order to establish a foundation for continuous promotion of public design, it was emphasized that it is important to approach works in the direction of actively discovering and awarding works that meet the concept and purpose of public design based on the Public Design Promotion Comprehensive Plan.

지방자치단체의 특성화를 위한 공공디자인 정책 연구

이중엽 한국일러스아트학회 2009 조형미디어학 Vol.12 No.4

Since the 18th century industrial revolution with the development of design technology have made much progress. So far, industrial design developed around the design area, the public was welcome to the new field of design. Public Design and unspecific targets, anyone can use, should be designed for everyone. Public design, commercial design, unlike the public interest, the character has. Public design into the design of public areas in the current academic Korea has not been clearly defined by law, exceptions. Typically, a variety of public equipment and devices can be understood as rational design. Broader look at the signs, buildings and personal property, even with such strong public good can be said area. Therefore, the design concept of national and local government creation, installation, operation, management, space, facilities, goods, information such as private property, but in everyday life environment for all community members to affect the public good that should secure a private area things that make up the space, including even aesthetic, functional and symbolic values can be said to enhance the creative act. In the area of public policy designed to target only the look, the public designs and installations based on the design of public areas and national symbols and public displays can be divided into the design of the media. Public Design is Public Design in association with the subject of significant public space, public facilities, public media, was divided into three kinds, Culture and Tourism of the public space, public facilities, public goods, public information, were divided into four kinds. Looking at operating system level design of the public, various public works projects for consideration in the design, as well as lacking by default, Various public facilities, the administrative jurisdiction of one mind to manage a difficult situation as a whole is a unified design. In addition, law enforcement officer related to city planning and management of a comprehensive plan does not exist yet, and almost all the short-term plan, full of locally made to achieve a balance that is a lot of school. Public design and the design of several factors associated with it a special character to know, Public designers and landscape design in improving the quality and uniqueness of the design, unified, modern design in shaping the public's preferred design, it is necessary to provide direction to move do. 18세기 산업혁명이후 디자인은 기술의 발달과 함께 많은 발전을 이루어 왔다. 지금까지 산업디자인을 중심으로 발전하였던 디자인 분야는 공공디자인 이라는 새로운 분야를 맞이하게 되었다. 공공디자인은 불특정 다수를 대상으로 하며, 누구든지 사용할 수 있으며, 만인을 위한 디자인이어야 한다. 공공디자인은 상업디자인과는 달리 공공성(公共性:Public)이라는 특성을 가지고 있다. 공공디자인은 공공영역의 디자인으로 현재 우리나라에서는 학술적으로나 법제적으로 명확히 정의되지 않고 있지만 일반적으로 공공장소의 다양한 장비와 장치를 합리적으로 디자인하는 것으로 이해할 수 있는데, 넓게 보면 간판, 건축물과 같은 공공성이 강한 사유물까지도 포함된 영역이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 공공디자인의 개념은 국가 및 지방자치단체가 제작·설치·운영·관리하는 공간, 시설, 용품, 정보 등과 일상생활 환경에서 사적 소유물이지만 사회구성원 모두에게 영향을 미치는 것으로 공공성이 확보되어야하는 사적영역까지도 포괄하는 공간을 구성하는 것의 심미적, 기능적, 상징적 가치를 높이기 위한 창조적 행위로 말할 수 있다. 공공디자인의 대상을 정책적 영역에서 한정하여 본다면, 공공디자인은 공공영역의 기반 및 설치물의 디자인과 국가 및 공공을 표시·상징하는 매체의 디자인으로 구분할 수 있다. 공공디자인의 운영체제 현황을 살펴보면, 각종 공공사업에서 디자인에 대한 고려가 원천적으로 결여되어 있을 뿐 아니라 각종 공공시설물의 행정적 관할이 서로 달라 전체적으로 통일된 디자인 관리가 곤란한 상황이다. 또한 경관관련 법체계 중에서 도시 전체를 계획하고 관리하는 종합계획이 아직까지 존재하지 않고 있고, 거의 모든 계획들이 단기적, 국지적으로 이루어져 전체의 조화나 균형을 이루는데 무리가 되는 경우가 많다. 더욱이 도시미관이나 가로경관 디자인 의식이 아직까지 부족하기에 이러한 종합계획의 필요성은 더욱 중요하다. 공공디자인과 관련된 여러 가지 요소 중에서 디자인이 가지고 있는 특수한 성격을 알고, 공공디자이너의 자질 향상과 경관설계에 있어서의 디자인 통일성과 독자성, 현대 공공디자인 형성에 있어 바람직한 디자인의 나아갈 방향을 제시하는 것이 반드시 필요하다.

A Study on the Design Proposal of a Public Toilets in Eungam District 10 Children's Park

손주휘 한국공간디자인학회 2023 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.18 No.6

(Background and Purpose) As the number of urban parks has increased in recent years, there has been a growing demand for public toilets, an essential amenity within parks. Various studies have been conducted to propose improved public toilet design. However, public toilets in parks are still treated as undesirable facilities by park users and residents due to concerns about hygiene and crime. This study aims to propose an improved public toilet design in an urban park that can change the perception of residents and park users. (Method) The scope of this study is the schematic design of a public restroom in Eungam District 10 Children's Park in Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul. In the method of design, first, previous research on public toilet design is reviewed. Second, outstanding cases of public toilets at domestic and overseas are examined to understand the design principles for public toilets in parks. Third, through analysis of site, the appropriate the public toilet location within the park is selected. Finally, a schematic plan for the design of public toilets is proposed. (Results) Through a survey of previous studies and analysis of domestic and international cases, the public restroom design is derived. First, a design that incorporates the character of the surrounding area, blending in with the park and providing appropriate visibility. A homogeneous design that can be seen everywhere or a public toilet that is completely alien to the surrounding city can be unacceptable to residents. Second, a public restroom design that incorporates park amenities such as benches, drinking fountains, and bicycle racks, allows the public toilet to be friendly to residents. Third, natural and mechanical surveillance is possible by planning convenience facilities for visitors around the restroom and installing CCTV. In addition, a crime prevention environment design is applied by securing bright illumination and minimizing concealment. Fourth, accessible restrooms, family restrooms, and children's hygiene devices are installed to make the public toilet accessible to everyone. Fifth, sustainable design is applied to save energy by recycling cleaning water, greening rooftops, water-saving sanitary ware, and LED lighting fixtures. Finally, the toilet is designed to be hygienic with interior finishes and designs that are easy to clean and maintain. (Conclusions) There will be an increasing need for future public toilets to be safe, eco-friendly and hygienic spaces as well as designs that well blended in to the site context. The design derived from this study is expected to change people's perception of public toilets and serve as an example and guide for planning future public toilets.

공공디자인 진흥계획 내 공간정보 데이터의 활용에 관한 연구

김성훈,이현성,김주연 한국공간디자인학회 2023 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.18 No.7

(Background and Purpose) Since the early to mid-2000s, the government has recognized the significance of design as a catalyst for economic growth, shifting its focus towards fostering creativity. In recent times, the proliferation of large-scale data and advanced spatial analysis tools, such as OPENAI, has led to a substantial increase in the demand for data across various sectors, with nearly 80% of this data comprising spatial information. South Korea is now launching the 'Digital New Deal' as a comprehensive 'National Innovation Project' to combat the economic challenges posed by COVID-19 and usher in a digital transformation across the economy and society. This study aims to examine the state of data utilization, analysis, outcomes, trends, and challenges, with a particular emphasis on spatial information, which forms the bulk of data in the crucial 'Public Design Promotion Plan.' The goal is to propose the necessary infrastructure and prerequisites for the success of this promotion plan. (Method)While numerous regions have initiated public design initiatives, this study focuses on the districts of Seoul, which have been at the forefront of public design policies. Seoul established the Design Headquarters, an organization spearheading urban and public design-related policies. The research methodology involves organizing and analyzing data used in the promotion plan, formulating strategies and projects, and establishing a logical framework through a preliminary survey. Non-spatial data, such as photographs, is excluded, while GIS data and mapping data are collected and analyzed. The collected data types are categorized based on five environmental criteria used in the preliminary survey. After gaining insights into the characteristics of the departments responsible for public design promotion plans in Seoul districts, the study examines data-driven clusters, trends in data utilization, and usage patterns. (Results)Despite similarities in spatial information, such as GIS and mapping data used in public design promotion plans across Seoul districts, the extent of utilization varies significantly among the three groups clustered by GIS data. Most data analyses are presented in a narrative format, often lacking clarity in the analysis process and standards, highlighting the need for objectivity and precise data construction. (Conclusions)This study confirms that the utilization of GIS data is contingent on the capabilities of service providers and the requirements of ordering departments, with many districts relying on public data platforms. This reliance implies that entities promoting public design plans struggled to directly construct and employ public design data due to various limitations, potentially leading to uniform public design promotion plans. Consequently, the creation of unique public design data serves as a cornerstone for the identity and potential of the public design promotion plan, a responsibility that the government should champion.

공공디자인 개념 확장을 위한 방향성과 가치 유형 연구

설영동,장영호,김주연 한국공간디자인학회 2023 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.18 No.3

(Research Background and Purpose) While design in the past was used as an industrial means to strengthen product competitiveness, public design brought about a change in domestic design policy as it plays a role in improving the quality of life for individuals, restoring communities, and creating public values. However, the definition of the current regulation, which refers to the act and result of designing a tangible object of public facilities by a public institution, is somewhat different from the generally accepted public design. This leads to the result of focusing only on projects that are easy to obtain visible effects in a short period of time rather than approaching fundamental directions or essential issues. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to suggest the direction and value types for expanding the concept of public design. (Research Methodology) Through literature research, the background of the emergence of public design and the concept defined in the current law were examined. Next, the limitations of the public design concept defined in the current regulations were considered, and the direction of concept expansion was presented based on the changing aspects in the development process of public design. Lastly, by analyzing public design characteristics and keywords, value-oriented public design characteristics were derived, and value types and key issues of public design were presented. (Results) The concept of public design from the consequential perspective, identified as the current dichotomous framework of public and private realms, has confirmed its limitations in not reflecting the categories of value and meaning that public design should deal with. Reestablishment of the relationship between subject and object through participation and exchange based on the components of the legal public design concept, expansion of the subject and category to the non-physical realm, extension of the process supplemented and completed through the community, balanced role of publicity and aesthetics The direction of expansion was presented to the side. In addition, in order to expand the concept of public design from a generative perspective, the characteristics of value-oriented public design were examined and 38 items were derived. By categorizing the items derived based on the expansion direction of public design, the value types of public design were classified into four aspects: instrumental value, relational value, institutional value, and intrinsic value. (Conclusion) Public design is at a point where it should be expanded to a concept that coordinates and adjusts various values and demands that exist in society by approaching value-oriented and relationship-oriented beyond a means of formatively materializing tangible objects or solving problems. Therefore, the direction and value types for the expansion of the public design concept presented in this study have practical significance in preparing the foundation for establishing the identity of public design and the establishment of a value system.

공공서비스디자인 프로젝트 계획 수립 및 운영에 대한 개선 방안 연구 : 디자이너가 인식하는 문제 유형 및 차이를 중심으로

허은영(Eunyoung Hur),이연준(Younjoon Lee) 한국디자인학회 2025 디자인학연구 Vol.38 No.1

Background : Governments and public organizations are emphasizing the importance of collaboration with citizens in the public sector and are trying to improve the quality of public services provided to the public through service design. As a result, public service design is in steady demand to deliver customized public services. Now is the time for a review of the project planning and operation process, including the domestic public service design policy planning and operation process as well as public service design policy planning and the operation process in South Korea. In order to explore the planning and operation process of public service design projects in depth, this study examines the problems in the planning and operation process of public service design projects from the perspective of experienced service designers who have experience in project implementation.<BR/>Methods : In order to investigate the types of problems that designers perceive in the process of planning and operating public service design projects, 24 service designers and experience designers with experience in project implementation were surveyed. A Q-sample was selected based on the statements extracted from preliminary in-depth interviews, Q-classification was conducted on 24 P-samples, and the main types of problems commonly supported by the group were analyzed by Ken Q-Analysis through principal component analysis.<BR/>Results : Five types of problems perceived by designers in the process of planning and operating public service design projects were identified. The problem types were named as ‘perceived need for high public service capacity of policy providers’, ‘perceived need to select the best service for the project type’, ‘perceived need to set a clear project purpose’, ‘perceived need for flexible thinking and attitude of policy providers’, and ‘perceived need to set a budget suitable for service design characteristics’. The designers identified the causes of these problems as low public service capabilities of policy providers, inappropriate selection of service providers, unclear project objectives, passive work attitudes of policy providers, and budgeting that does not consider service design characteristics.<BR/>Conclusions : Based on the types of problems perceived by designers and the characteristics of each type, suggestions on how to improve the planning and operation of public service design projects are presented in a diagram in line with the policy planning stage. These findings can be used as a basis for improving the planning and operation of public service design projects in the future.

경기도 시·군 공공디자인 관련 업무 및 교육 실태에 관한 연구

석은경 ( Suk Eunkyung ),장영호 ( Jang Youngho ),김주연 ( Kim Jooyun ) 한국공간디자인학회 2021 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.16 No.6

(Background and Purpose) Since promotion of public design became effective, local governments have been planning and proceeding individually. By the resources of the localities, the functions and manpower of public design departments varies, and the professional manpower training and educations provided by central ministries are not applied sufficiently, and quality curriculums are insufficient. The purpose of this study is preparing resources for public design specialist education programs by identifying current conditions of 31 localities in Gyeonggi-do and proposing suitable supports of manpower and curriculums. (Method) First, study the definition of professional personnel, projects and divisions presented in the Public Design Promotion and Comprehensive Plan. Second, analyze status of 31 cities and counties in Gyeonggi-do, the experts, divisions and ordinances, and identify influences by the differences of each locality’s conditions. Third, the current status of education programs related to public design of national institutions and Gyeonggi-do educational institutions shall be investigated and analyzed on the current status of education courses applied to local governments under Gyeonggi-do. Gyeonggi-do is a wide-area organization that includes cities and counties with various types of urban characteristics such as island areas, rural areas, and urban areas, and is expected to show various aspects of current public design conditions between cities and counties. Through these research methods and processes, problems in the public design education process that can be provided by local governments and directions for the improvement of the education system on ways to strengthen the capabilities of public design experts suitable for the region are derived. (Results) In terms of the type of public design work, one course for public design professionals is cyber education, one mobile education, and one collective education, which is relatively insufficient in number and content, and the job training for public design experts is not yet open through public design analysis. If you look at the current status of public design education, you can see that there is a lack of understanding and working-level courses on the contents of education focused on Septed, Universal Design, consultation, deliberation and consultation. (Conclusions) This study analyzed the status of public design-related professionals and design serial officials in 31 localities to identify the work capabilities of public design projects based on the Public Design Promotion Act. As the result, each locality has different types of departments and it is necessary to refine education programs that can be completed selectively according to the importance of the work in Gyeonggi-do Province, improve existing public design education contents to achieve five goals of the 1st Public Design Promotion Plan, and develop practical and administrative support programs.

공공디자인 정책 현황 분석 및 평가의 방향성 연구

이양숙(Yangsook Lee),김현석(Hyunsuk Kim),나건(Ken Nah) 한국디자인학회 2014 디자인학연구 Vol.27 No.3

Background Since the early 2000s, policy makers in Korea have put greater emphasis on culture and humancentered issues than on construction and industrial developments. In that regard, public design emerged as an instrument to strengthen urban competitiveness, and government ministries and local governments are implementing various public design policies. However, the current evaluation systems are mostly used to evaluate public design as the performance of the governments, which is the same as other public policies. In fact, public policies are alien to design. The aim of design is to meet peoples values, while that of public policies is to achieve public purposes using material, finance and human resources. Therefore, it is necessary to examine whether evaluating outputs is sufficient for public design policy evaluation. The paper aims to suggest a new direction for evaluating policies on sustainable public design and helping people in reality. Although the number of policies for public design has increased, policy evaluation systems have not been properly developed yet. Methods The current meaning of public design and the current conditions of the public design policies in Korea are examined, and then existing policy evaluation systems are analyzed based on previous studies. Results The existing evaluation systems focus on public design itself rather than citizens realization of public values based on preceding research analysis such as performance measurement using BSC(Balanced Scorecard). Conclusion The study attempts to give initial guidance on the direction of public design policies, which focuses on civic engagement on the premise that design can solve social problems.

공공디자인의 출현과 사회적 확산

오창섭(Chang Sup Oh) 한국디자인학회 2018 디자인학연구 Vol.31 No.2

Background : So far, public design has been understood as a concept created by subjects of the design community. It has also been talked about as a social interest due to the activities and efforts of the design subjects. The purpose of this study is to reveal how the term and concept of public design came into being and how they were spread in society. Methods : In order to clarify when public design emerged, a method of ascertaining the related documents was used in this paper. I tracked newspaper data to reveal how public design has spread socially. The identified contents were analyzed in the context of the current age and design culture. Overall, the conclusions were derived by describing the contents critically in relation to the purpose of the research. Results : The results of the study are as follows. First, the term “public design” was first used in the exhibition de-sign korea: Imagining the publicness of design, which was held at the Design Museum in December 2001. The term “public design” was first used in this exhibition. In addition, public goods and public facilities, which are accepted as the target areas of public design today, were treated as objects of public design for the first time. Second, the concept of public design spread to the public through the car license plate design scandal that brought about great resistance from citizens. Third, netizens played an important role in spreading the concept. In addition, the traditional media including the Dong-A Ilbo, a mainstream newspaper, actively discussed the contents, which contributed to the spread of public design. Fourth, as a result of the license plate design case, the government began to pay full attention to public design. Related organizations were created within the government, and public design projects began to be dealt with in organizations. Conclusions : Through this research, we have been able to identify when and how the terms, concepts, and objects of public design came into being and how they were transformed and popularized.