공정성과 상호관계의 질의 관계에 있어 환경불확실성과 관계기간의 조절역할에 관한 연구 : 프랜차이즈 시스템을 중심으로

곽동성,박준승 韓日經商學會 2001 한일경상논집 Vol.22 No.-

The Objective of this study is to explore the relative influence of subconstructs of fairness (e. g., distributive fairness and procedural fairness) on relationship quality. In addition, the study is also constructed to explore if environment uncertainty and age of relationship play a role as mediators of the relationship between relationship quality and fairness. The relative influence of subconstructs of fairness on relationship quality were tested by canonical correlation analysis. Cluster analysis was applied to identify different groups based on the environment uncertainty, and then t-test was used to test the difference of environment uncertainty which two groups recognized. For the age of relationship, franchisees were divided into two groups (longer than 24 months vs less than 24 months) because, though the median of the term of contract surveyed was 20 months, the contract should be renewed every year. Among domestic convenience stores, 'A' franchise which has been successfully settled down in the industry were selected as the subject for the study. Cronbach's alpha(α) , and confirmatory factor analysis using EQS program were used to test reliability, internal consistency and additivity of the measurement scales. The results of the empirical study were as follows. 1. The procedural fairness had the greater effect on relationship quality than the distributive fairness. 2. The higher the franchisees' recognition of environment uncertainty, the greater the contribution of the procedural fairiness on the increase of positive relationship quality between franchisees and franchisers, but the lower the contribution of the distributive fairness on that. 3. The longer the age of relationship between franchisees and franchisors, the greater the contribution of the procedural fairness on the Increase of positive relationship quality between franchisees and franchisers, but the lower the contribution of the distributive fairness on that. Key words : distributive fairness, procedural fairness, relationship quality, environment uncertainty, age of relationship

외식산업종사원의 조직공정성과 조직신뢰가 직무성과에 미치는 영향

김현룡 대한관광경영학회 2017 관광연구 Vol.32 No.8

This study hypothesized and tested the relationship between organizational fairness (distribution justice, procedural justice, interaction justice) and organizational trust (superior trust, colleague trust) perceived by the food service industry employees. First, hypothesis 1 implies that organizational fairness perceived by food service industry workers has a direct effect on supervisor trust. In other words, distribution fairness, procedural fairness, and interaction fairness have an effect on superior trust, and procedural fairness has a greater influence on distribution fairness and interaction fairness. Second, the hypothesis 2 that organizational fairness has an effect on peer trust showed that distribution fairness, procedural fairness, and interaction fairness of organizational justice all affect peer trust. Particularly, And it has a greater effect than interaction fairness. Third, as a result of examining Hypothesis 3 which examines the relationship between organizational trust and job performance, it is found that supervisory trust and peer trust have an effect on job performance. In particular, superior trust has a greater effect on job performance. 본 연구는 한식 서비스품질의 선행변수에서 신뢰성, 반응성, 확신성, 공감성, 유형성 중 어떤 요인이 중요한 변수인지 알아보고자 하였으며 서비스가치와 고객만족에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 하였다. 첫째, 한식 서비스품질이 서비스가치의 금전적 가치에 미치는 영향을 검증한 결과 한식 서비스품질의 신뢰성, 반응성, 확신성, 공감성, 유형성 5가지 구성요인 중 금전적 가치에는 신뢰성, 반응성, 확식성, 유형성만이 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 한식 서비스품질이 서비스가치의 비금전적 가치에 미치는 영향을 검증한 결과 한식 서비스품질의 신뢰성, 반응성, 확신성, 공감성, 유형성 5가지 구성요인 중 비금전적 가치에는 신뢰성, 반응성, 확식성만이 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 한식 서비스가치가 고객만족에 미치는 영향을 검증한 결과 한식 서비스가치의 금전적 가치, 비금전적 가치 모두 고객만족에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

호텔 종사원의 공정성 지각이 관계의 질과 직무성과에 미치는 영향

김기영(Ki Young Kim),김민경(Min Kyung Kim) 한국관광연구학회 2011 관광연구저널 Vol.25 No.5

This study aims to investigate the effect of the organizational fairness in hotel on the quality of the relation between hotel and hotel employee and job performance; suggest the HR management plans to improve the organizational effectiveness. The results of the hypothesis testing in this study can be summarized as follows: First, with respect to the relation between organizational fairness factors and the quality of relation, among organizational fairness factors, the factors: ``fairness in procedure`` and ``fairness in distribution`` had (+)effect on ``reliability`` factors, and with respect to the ``satisfaction`` factor, ``fairness in distribution`` and ``fairness in interaction`` had the effect. Second, with respect to the relation between the quality of relation and job performance, ``faith`` on hotel organization had (+)effect on ``organization involvement`` and ``loyalty``; ``satisfaction`` on hotel organization had (+)effect on ``organizational involvement`` and ``loyalty``. Third, with respect to the relation between organizational fairness and job performance, ``fairness in procedure``, ``fairness in distribution`` and ``fairness in interaction`` had (+)effect on ``organizational involvement``; ``fairness in distribution`` and ``fairness in interaction`` had (+) effect on ``loyalty to organization``. Taken together the results as above, it was known that the fairness in procedure, fairness in distribution and fairness in interaction had the effect on job performance. In other words, when the distribution in the procedure of the organizational system operation and the interaction among classes were transparent and rational, they acted as a positive matter already settled for improving faith, satisfaction, organization involvement, and loyalty to organization. This study has the limits in generalizing the results of the study. Thus, in future studies, various factors, besides the influence factors used in this study will have the effects, so the extensive studies are required.

정부의 창업지원 공정성이 만족도 및 경영성과에 미치는 영향: 창업기업의 성장단계별 차이를 중심으로

장영혜,이정혜,김판수 한국벤처창업학회 2020 벤처창업연구 Vol.15 No.4

This study examines how the government's fairness in entrepreneurship support affects satisfaction and management performance, and examines whether these influences are different for each growth stage of start-up companies. For this study, data were collected for start-up companies that received government support for start-up within the past 5 years. Total 611 copies of the data were used in this study. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. The fairness used in this study was divided into three types, procedural fairness, interactive fairness, and distributed fairness. The effect of the three fairness on the satisfaction of start-up support project was analyzed. In addition, the effect of business support satisfaction on business performance was analyzed, where the business performance was evaluated by the questioner's satisfaction with their business. The start-up phase was divided into the start phase, early growth phase, stagnant phase, and high-level growth phase, and the moderating effect between the fairness and satisfaction of the government-supported projects by start-up phase was analyzed. As a result, it was found that every concept of fairness had a positive (+) effect on the satisfaction of the entrepreneurship support project, and the satisfaction of the entrepreneurship support project had a positive (+) effect on the management performance. The concept of procedural fairness in the start phase, procedural fairness in the early growth phase, interactive fairness, and the concept of all fairness in the stagnant phase influenced the satisfaction of the start-up support project. In this study, the fairness and effect of government-supported projects affecting the management performance of start-ups were identified by growth phase of start-ups. The results of these studies will help build a systematic system for entrepreneurship support and for start-ups, it will also greatly contribute to finding differentiated growth plans by growth stages of start-up companies. 본 연구는 창업자들이 지각하는 정부의 창업지원에 대한 공정성이 창업지원의 만족도 및 경영성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 살펴보고 이러한 영향이 창업기업의 성장단계별로 차이가 있는지를 확인하는 것이다. 본 연구는 지난 5년 내에 정부의 창업지원을 받은 창업기업을 대상으로, 총 611부의 데이터를 본 연구에 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS와 AMOS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 사용된 공정성은 많은 연구에서 사용하는 방식과 동일하게 절차적 공정성, 분배적 공정성, 상호작용적 공정성의 세 유형으로 구분하였으며, 세 유형의 공정성이 창업지원 사업 만족도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 또한 정부의 창업지원 만족도와 경영성과 간의 관계를 분석하였는데, 경영성과는 응답자 자신의 사업에 대한 만족도로 평가하였다. 그리고 창업단계는 창업기, 초기성장기, 정체기/데스벨리, 고도성장기로 구분하였으며, 창업단계별 정부지원사업의 공정성과 만족도 간의 관계를 분석하였다. 분석결과, 모든 공정성 개념은 창업지원사업만족도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고, 창업지원사업만족도는 경영성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 창업단계별로는 차이가 있었는데, 창업기에는 절차적 공정성이, 초기성장기에는 절차적공정성과, 상호작용적 공정성이, 정체기/데스벨리에는 모든 공정성 개념이 창업지원사업만족도에 영향을 미쳤지만, 고도성장기에는 공정성 개념이 모두 창업지원만족도에 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 그리고 창업지원사업만족도와 경영성과 간의 관계에서는 창업단계에 관계없이 정의 영향을 미쳤다. 이러한 연구의 결과는 정부의 창업지원 사업에 대한 창업자의 공정성 지각을 적용하여, 창업지원에 대한 체계적인 시스템을 구축하는 데 도움이 될 것이며, 창업자에게는 창업단계별 창업성과를 증대시키기 위한 방안을 모색하는 데도 기여하는 바가 클 것이다.

법의 공정성 : 허구적 당위에서 실천으로

오정진(Oh Jung-Jin) 부산대학교 법학연구소 2010 법학연구 Vol.51 No.2

공정이란 말은 그것이 무엇을 의미하는지 명확한 것은 아니지만 일상 생활에서 흔히 쓰이며, 중요하게 취급된다. 특히 법에 있어서 공정성은 허구적 개념일지언정 당연히 추구해야 하는 법이념적 가치이다. 때문에 존 롤즈의 법이론에서 보듯이 공정성은 핵심적인 전제로 설정되어 있으며 현대의 법제는 이를 보장하기 위한 장치를 확보하고자 한다. 우리의 경우 역시 헌법재판소가 법의 공정성은 헌법원리라고 밝히고 있는 가운데, 다음과 같은 몇몇 방식들에 기해 공정성을 찾아가고자 하고 있다. 첫째, 불공정성이나 부당함을 금지하거나 회피한다. 즉, ‘독점규제 및 공정거래에 관한 법률’을 위시한, 명시적으로 ‘공정’을 이념으로서 표방하고 있는 법규들은, 무엇이 공정한 것인가를 말하는 대신, 무엇이 공정하지 않은 행위인지 규정하고 이를 금지하거나 회피하게 함으로써 공정성을 도모하고자 한다. 문제는, 구체적인 행위가 과연 그러한 불공정한 것인지 여부에 대한 판단은 여전히 모호하다는 점이다. 둘째, 우리 법은 현저한 불균형을 회피함으로써 공정성을 확보하고자 하기도 한다. 이 경우 역시 어느 정도가 현저히 유리하거나 불리한지 판단하기 쉽지 않다는 문제가 있다. 셋째, 상당히 많은 규정들에서는 비공개를 통해 업무의 공정성을 기하고자 하는 방식을 취한다. 그렇지만 공개로 공정성이 위태로워진다는 우려 자체가 다분히 행정편의적인 발상이다. 아울러, 제척, 기피, 회피 등 공정한 재판을 받을 권리를 위한 몇몇 절차적 제도들도 있지만 ‘공정한 재판을 기대하기 어려운 사정’에 대한 판단은 여전히 질적일 수밖에 없으며 그 때문에 자연히 이에 대한 시비도 있다. 이처럼 그 위상에도 불구하고 법의 공정성은 아직 안정적으로 구현되고 있다고는 볼 수 없다. 더욱이 근래 우리 사회에서 이슈가 되었던 신영철 대법관의 재판 개입 사건 역시 재판의 독립성과 관련하여 주로 논의되었을 뿐, 사건의 본질이라고 할 만한 ‘공정한’ 재판을 받을 권리의 침해에 대해서는 거의 언급되지 않았다는 점이야말로 법의 공정성이 실은 얼마나 취약한 것이며 위기에 처해 있는지를 보여주는 반증이라고 할 것이다. 그럼, 어떻게 해야 할 것일까? 무엇보다도 공정성을 실천하게 하는 추가적인 제도와 그에 부합하는 관행 및 분위기의 조성이 요청된다. 특히 법원이 무엇이 공정한 것인지에 대한 열린 모색의 장으로 거듭 나는 것이 중요하다. 아울러 그러한 노력을 추동할 수 있기 위해서는 대중의 윤리적 인식과 행동이 필요함은 물론이다. 아마도 그러한 윤리는, 보통 사람의 순수한 믿음과 충실에 기해서 강력하게 발현될 것이며, 그 행동은 공정성에 대한 기존의 사회적 타협의 수준 자체를 변화시켜 나감으로써, 그간 온전히 구현될 수 없었던 허구적 당위로서의 공정성이 실천적으로 작동하는 기적을 가능하게 할 것이다. The word of fairness is often used and taken seriously although what it means is not definite. Especially in the field of law, the fairness is fictitious concept but the value that ought to be inquired. Therefore as in the legal theory of John Rawls, the fairness is set as the core premise and the modern legal system secures the mechanism through which guarantees the fairness. Also in our society, while the constitutional court says that the fairness of law is the constitutional principle, to access toward fairness, several methods are taken; Firstly, the unfair or unjust are prohibited. That is, the laws that represent the fairness as vision including the Antimonopoly Law do not say that what is the fair but instead regulate what is the unfair. And here is the problem: the judgment about weather a certain concrete doing is unfair or not is unclear. Secondly, our law avoids severe imbalance. Of course also in that circumstance there is the same problem: it is very hard to measure the degree of imbalance. Thirdly, many rules protect the fairness by the non open of information. But the worry that the fairness would be in risk by openness itself is so much administrative biased. Finally, there are some procedural institutions for fair trial but the judgment about the acceptance of such system is still so qualitative that there are disputes. In short, though having the high priority, the fairness of law is not accomplished steadily. Moreover the fact that our society's discussion about the recent case of 'the Supreme Court justice Shin' is limited in the independence of trial and not touched the rights of fair trial reveals thar the fairness of law is weak and in crisis. So, What should we do? Above all, the additional system to realize the fairness, the corresponding practice and environment are needed. Specifically the court itself should be open field in which we can discuss about what is the fair. Of course in order to do that, peoples' ethical recognition and practice are needed. Perhaps such ethics will be developed by ordinary peoples' innocent belief and faith and such practice will make the miracle possible that the fairness as fictitious ought can be operated in reality by changing the level of social compromise about fairness.

프로야구 경기에서 서비스 공정성이 관람만족, 팀 충성도 및 재관람의도에 미 치는 영향에 관한 연구

오필규,최호규,류금석 공주대학교 KNU 기업경영연구소 2016 기업경영리뷰 Vol.7 No.2

This study aims to examine the effect of service fairness on spectator satisfaction, team loyalty and re-purchasing intention and the effect of service fairness on re-purchasing intention via spectator satisfaction and on re-purchasing intention via team loyalty after the effect on spectator satisfaction. The sub-factors of service fairness are distributive fairness, procedural fairness and interactional fairness. For achieving this purpose, a survey with normal people, who like professional baseball and baseball club members was conducted and a total of 461 questionnaires were collected. But 75 questionnaires were excluded due to the following reasons (12 respondents had no experience in spectating a professional baseball game and 63 respondents were against normality). The data from 386 valid questionnaires were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 program. For investigating general characteristics, frequency analysis was conducted, for verifying validity of the measurement tool, exploratory factor analysis was conducted, for verifying reliability of respondents, reliability verification was conducted and the structural relationship between the variables was analyzed using a LISREL 8.54 program-based structural equation model. The findings of research model path analysis are as follows. First, among the sub-factors of service fairness, distributive fairness and interactional fairness influenced spectator satisfaction. But procedural fairness didn't influence spectator satisfaction. Second, service fairness didn't influence team loyalty. Third, spectator satisfaction influenced team loyalty. Fourth, spectator satisfaction influenced re-purchasing intention. Fifth, team loyalty influenced re-purchasing intention. Lastly, indirect effect analysis; The effect of service fairness on re-purchasing intention via team loyalty after the effect on spectator satisfaction was bigger than the effect of service fairness on re-purchasing intention via spectator satisfaction. 본 연구의 목적은 프로야구 경기에서 서비스 공정성 요인이 관람만족, 팀 충성도, 재 관람의도에 미치는 영향과 함께 각 변수사이 간접효과로 서비스 공정성이 관람만족을 경유하여 재 관람의도에 미치는 영향과 서비스 공정성이 관람만족에 영향을 미치고 팀 충성도를 경유하여 재 관람의도에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 것이다. 서비스 공정성은 하부 3요인으로 분배 공정성 요인, 절차 공정성 요인, 상호작용 공정성 요인으로 구성되었다. 프로야구를 좋아하는 일반인들과 야구동호회 회원들을 대상으로 설문하여 총 461개의 설문지가 회수되 었지만, 그것들 중에서 75개의 설문지가 다음의 이유(관람경험이 없는 12개, 정규성에 위배되는 63개)로 제외되었다. 유효한 386개의 설문지는 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 일반적 특성을 알아보기 위한 빈도 분석, 측정도구의 타당성 검증을 위한 탐색적 요인분석, 응답자의 신뢰성 파악을 위한 신뢰성 검증과 LISREL 8.54 프로그램을 통해 변수들과의 관계를 구조방정식 모델을 적용하여 구조적 관계를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 연구모형 경로를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 서비스 공정성의 하위 3요인 중에서 분배 공정성과 상호작용 공정성은 관람만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 다른 한 요인인 절차 공정성은 관람만족에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 서비스 공정성이 팀 충성도에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 관람만족이 팀 충성도에는 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 관람만족이 재 관람의도에는 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 팀 충성도가 재 관람의도에는 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 간접효과 분석의 결과를 보면 서비스 공정성이 관람만족을 경유하여재 관람의도에 미치는 영향의 크기보다 서비스 공정성이 관람만족에 영향을 미치고 다시 팀 충성도를 경유하여 재 관람의도에 미치는 영향의 크기가 더 큰 것으로 나타났다.

증거재판주의와 공정한 재판의 문제

김준성 이화여자대학교 법학연구소 2024 법학논집 Vol.29 No.1

Criminal proceedings seek to realize distributive justice. Criminal proceedings pursue the principle of substantive truth, due process, and speedy trial as their ideologies. In addition, the defendant is presumed innocent until a final guilty verdict is reached. The ideology of criminal proceedings is ultimately to realize fairness in trials. Regarding the fairness of trials, the principle of evidence trial stipulated in Article 307 (1) of the Criminal Procedure Law is a principle of criminal procedures that guarantees the implementation of fair trials and performs the function of procedural fairness. The principle of evidence trial is a principle of criminal procedures that recognizes facts through evidence, so it performs the function of increasing the value of procedural fairness. In this respect, it is reasonable to understand the ideology of criminal proceedings as the principle of substantive truth, the principle of due process, and the realization of justice in criminal justice. The principle of evidence trial pursues substantive truth based on the principle of due process, and requires strict proof to realize the principle of substantive truth. The principle of evidence trial is a principle that realizes procedural justice and corresponds to the practical value ideology of criminal proceedings that pursues the utility of fair trials. Therefore, as a means of establishing fairness for the realization of fair trials, it is necessary to consider a method of conducting public oral evidence investigations in order to establish the principle of trial-centeredness and to strengthen the utility of the principle of evidentiary trial that presupposes the establishment of the principle of trial-centeredness, and it is reasonable to consider a method of applying the exceptions to the rule of expert testimony in a narrower range than the current provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law. For example, it is reasonable to revise the requirement of special circumstances stipulated in the proviso clause of Article 312 (4), the proviso clause of Article 313 (1) and the proviso clause of Article 314 of the Criminal Procedure Law to “allowed when it is clearly proven that it was conducted based on objective and scientific grounds.” Ultimately, it is reasonable for the Criminal Procedure Law to aim for the establishment of the principle of trial-centeredness as procedural fairness that presupposes the principle of evidence trial in order to realize fair trials.

평가체계 공정성에 대한 인식 연구: K대학 사례를 중심으로

윤관식 ( Gwan-sik Yoon ),박민주 ( Park Minju ) 한국실천공학교육학회 2021 실천공학교육논문지 Vol.13 No.1

The educational field is also changing according to the change to the fourth industry. This is a new teaching method, and as performance evaluation is widely used, interest in the fairness of evaluation is also increasing. Students are interested in whether they are being evaluated fairly and examine the methods and processes of evaluation, which affects their confidence in evaluation. Accordingly, in this study, the evaluation fairness of K University students was classified into distribution fairness, procedural fairness, and interaction fairness, and examined through interviews. From the results, measures such as factors that hinder the fairness of evaluation and efforts to improve were derived.

공정성이 지방자치단체 공무원의 성과관리제도 인식에 미치는 영향 : 의사소통의 조절효과를 중심으로

장혜윤 ( Jang Hye Yoon ),최정우 ( Choi Jung Woo ),박해육 ( Park Hae Yug ) 한국지방행정연구원 2016 지방행정연구 Vol.30 No.4

Communication considered to be a major factor in influencing performance management relates closely to fairness. In this regard, the empirical analysis of the relationship between communication and fairness has not been conducted. Therefore, this study examined the various factors influencing the perception to the performance management system by focusing on the communication`s moderating effect among organizational members. According to the results we examined, the influential factors such as fairness, awareness to the system mechanism, education, job status and communication remained statistically significant in all models, whereas the departmental characteristics within organization were negatively influencing the perception to the performance management system only in terms of the distributive fairness model. This indicates too that the perception on the performance management system does not change, despite both conditions of the same level of distributive fairness and the active interaction in communication. Meanwhile, procedural fairness strengthened the staff`s positive perception on the performance management system, when considered in terms of activating the communication among organizational members. In conclusion, it is necessary to more strengthen the procedural fairness, in order to make the performance management system effective, by invigorating the interactive communication between the organizational staff in comprehensive operational process of the system.

생활체육조직의 조직문화와 조직공정성의 관계

도진학,김기섭 한국체육과학회 2024 한국체육과학회지 Vol.33 No.5

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between organizational culture and organizational fairness of sports organizations for all. These studies are the basis for the policy development of the sports organization system for efficient management and operation of sports organizations. To identify this, specific research questions were first analyzed through the process of research procedures by establishing a hypothesis based on the relationship between the organizational culture and organizational fairness of the daily sports organization. A total of 311 people were employees of the Sports for All Association nationwide, and data were collected through a questionnaire that included individual questionnaires for each variable. The collected data were analyzed according to each hypothesis through SPSS Version 28.0 for Windows, a statistical program. The following conclusions were obtained through a series of analysis processes. First, it was found that the organizational culture of the daily sports organization had a partial positive effect on organizational fairness. Distribution fairness, a sub-dimensional of organizational fairness, was high in the order of development culture and group culture. Procedural fairness appeared in the order of competitive culture, hierarchical culture, and development culture of organizational culture. Interaction fairness was found to have a high influence in the order of development culture, competitive culture, and group culture.