Cobweb posets as noncommutative prefabs

A. K. Kwasniewski 장전수학회 2007 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.14 No.1

We present here a new class of graded infinite posets with minimal element being inspired by the famous Fibonacci tree. These partially ordered sets were introduced earlier by the author as the so called cobweb posets. These cobweb posets are the basis of a class of prefab schemes constructed here below. Prefab schemes are known as close relatives of exponential structures. The prefab schemes to follow constitute a wide range of substantially new prefab combinatorial schemes because new type schemes are defined here via relaxing commutativity and associativity requirements imposed on the composition in prefabs by the fathers of this fertile concept. Characteristic graded sub-posets of cobweb posets are primes of prefab schemes proposed. Apart from the construction also some very first basic properties of cobweb prefabs are disclosed. In addition an another new type prefab example with single valued commutative and associative composition is provided. We start by recalling [revisited] a cobweb combinatorial interpretation of all classical F −nomial coefficients hence specifically incidence coefficients of reduced incidence algebras of full binomial type also. Natural unanswered questions arising during the investigation are posed.

장 프루베 프리팹 주택에서 유연성을 위한 건축 시스템 연구

신은기 한국공간디자인학회 2024 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.19 No.3

(연구배경 및 목적) 본 연구는 장 프루베의 프리팹 주택을 통해 표준화와 효율성에 기반한 프리팹 주택이 유연성을 확보하고자 했던 건축적인 시도를 탐색하는데 그 목적이 있다. 20세기 초 모더니즘 건축가들은 주택의 대량생산을 위한 시스템을 고민하면서 르 코르뷔제의 돔-이노나 그로피우스의 바우카스텐과 같이 표준화 속에서 다양성을 가능하게 하는 시스템을 탐구하였다. 20세기 중반 2차 세계대전 및 전후재건 시기, 이전에 비해 보다 효율성을 추구하는 과정에서 이러한 시도들이 구현된 방식의 예시로 장 프루베의 프리팹 주택들을 선정하였다. 특히, 이 시기에 프리팹 주택의 실제 공급이 가장 활발했던 사례 중 하나인 미국의 디펜스 하우징과 비교를 통해 장 프루베 프리팹 주택의 특징을 드러내고자 하였다. (연구방법) 본 연구는 장 프루베의 도면, 스케치, 사진 등을 모아둔 아카이브를 활용하여 장 프루베의 초기 프리팹 구조물인 1937년 주말주택에서부터 1950년대 전반중간층을 위한 주택에 이르기까지 주택의 평면 및 구조의 변화 과정을 시간의 흐름에 따라 분석하였다. (결과) 미국 디펜스 하우징 및 전후 재건주택의 경우 대부분 내력벽 구조를 사용하여 FHA에 기반한 평면의 구성을 만들었던 것에 비해, 장 프루베 프리팹 주택은 르 코르뷔제의 돔-이노 시스템과 같이 구조체로 주택의 시스템을 만들고, 내부의 평면은 구조체와 분리시키는 전략을 취했다. 장 프루베가 고안한 액시얼 포털 프레임의 구조체는 현장에서 조립이 쉬운 형태로 시작했지만 점차 내부 평면의 요구에 맞춰 그 형태가 변화하는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 또한 그로피우스가 제안했던 것처럼 요소들을 조합하여 전체를 만드는 과정에서요소들을 변화시키는 전략 역시 나타났는데, 1950년대 전반 중간층을 위한 주택인 메트로폴 주택에서 다양한 패널들과 부가 요소들을 발견할 수 있다. 패널뿐만 아니라 지형, 기후, 중간층의 생활 기준 등에 대응하여 기단, 테라스, 캐노피, 차양 등 다양한 요소들이 추가되었다. (결론) 장 프루베의 프리팹 건축은 BLPS 주택에서와 같이 이동가능성, 시공의 용이성과 같은 효율성을 기반으로 시작했지만, 점차 자유로운 내부공간, 요소들의 교체와 확장성을 가능하게 하는 유연성을 가진 건축 시스템을 보여주었다. 이는 표준화에서 유연성을 고민했던 했던 20세기 초 모더니즘 건축가들의 연장선상에서 이해할 수 있다. 동시에 이러한 시스템인 고정된 것이 아니라 내부 공간이나 외부의 상황 등 요구에 따라 변화가능한 것임을 시사하였다. (Background and Purpose) This study attempted to explore the architectural strategies to bring flexibility to prefab houses, which have been standardized for efficiency through Jean Prouvé’s prefab houses. Many modernist architects in the 1920s contemplated a system for mass production houses to explore flexibility that enable diverse designs in standardization, such as Le Corbuset’s Dom-Ino and Gropius’s Baukasten systems. During World War II in the mid-20th century, efficiency became more important than before. We believe that Jean Prouvé’s prefab houses implemented the early modernism architects’ ideas of flexibility in times of efficiency. We compared his systems with the defense housing and post-war mass builders’ houses in the US, which responded to the highest demands for efficiency. (Method) We analyzed the drawings, sketches, and photos in Jean Prouvé’s digital archive collections. We focused on the chronological changes of plan layouts, structural systems, and elements from his initial prefab unit, such as the BLPS weekend house in 1937, to residential units for the middle class in the early 1950s. (Results) Jean Pouvé’s prefab houses were outlined by structural frame and the internal plan layout was independent of those frames, similar to Le Corbusier’s Dom-Ino system. The internal partition walls were a load-bearing wall system, creating the layouts based on FHA guidelines in most defense housing and mass builders’ houses in the post-war era. The axial portal frames, proposed as the main internal supporting column by Jean Prouvé, had a unique A-shaped form with two legs for easy construction in the field. However, those shapes were modified in later houses to accommodate more reasonable layouts. In addition, a system to combine diverse elements, as suggested by Gropius, was founded in his prefab houses. For example, the Meropole houses in the early 1950s displayed various panel options. The prefab houses in these times had various additional elements, such as the canopy, terrace, shade, and base, which were responsive to the topography, climate, and new living standards of the middle class. (Conclusions) Jean Prouvé’s prefab houses were initially based on efficiencies with mobility and ease of construction, such as the BLPS houses. However, they gradually showed the possibility of an architectural system that enables free plans and various options of elements. This can be understood as an extension of modernist architects in the early 20th century who considered flexibility in standardization. At the same time, it was suggested that these systems are not fixed and can be changed according to demands from internal and external conditions.

병치된 변형률 계측치를 이용한 프리팹 PSC 거더 캠버 재구성

김현영(Kim, Hyun Young),고도현(Ko, Do Hyeon),박현우(Park, Hyun Woo) 대한토목학회 2022 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.42 No.2

스마트 건설 기술의 도입으로 공장에서 일괄 대량생산이 가능한 프리팹 부재에 대한 관심이 높아졌다. 프리팹 프리스트레스 콘크리트 거더는 가설시 프리팹 바닥판과의 정합성을 위해 제작부터 가설 전 단계까지 거더의 형상관리가 중요하다. 이 연구에서는 프리팹 거더의 상연 및 하연에 병치된 변형률 측정치를 이용한 캠버 재구성 기법을 제시한다. 특히, 긴장력 도입 이후 가설 전까지 콘크리트의 시간 의존적 거동이 고려된 변형률 데이터에 대해 캠버 재구성 기법을 적용한다. 몬테카를로 수치 모사를 통해 제한된 센서의 개수, 계측 오차 그리고 비선형적 시간 의존적 거동들에 대해 재구성된 캠버의 통계적 정확도를 분석하고 타당성을 검증한다. Prefab members have attracted attention because they can be mass-produced in factories through smart construction technology. For prefab prestressed concrete girders, it is important to manage the shapes of the girders properly from production to the pre-installation stage for consistency with the prefab floor plate during the erection process. This paper presents a camber reconstruction method using collocated strain measurements from the top and bottom of the prefab girder. In particular, the camber reconstruction method is applied to measured strain data in which the time-dependent behavior of concrete is considered after the introduction of prestress. Through Monte Carlo numerical simulations, the statistical accuracy of the reconstructed camber for a limited number of sensors, measurement errors, and nonlinear time-dependent behaviors are analyzed and validated.

Analysis on Prefabricated Space Structure Based on Overseas Patent Case Study

한현석 한국디지털정책학회 2020 디지털융복합연구 Vol.18 No.11

This study analyzes the method for easily constructing a simple space in various environments. It also analyzes cases of modular prefab construction structures and explores various solutions and development directions that can form temporary residential spaces. This research intends to propose the diverse methods and solutions for constructing residential space for users’ stable living environment in various unpredictable situations. This study amis to collect and analyze cases of various foreign patents related to the subject. With the analysis on the patents case, the prefab structures are mainly grouped into 4 types of 1) Assembly method using small parts, 2) Prefab module stacking method, 3) Space expansion method, and 4) Production methods of detailed elements. Based on the results, future research will inquire the lower cost and more efficient way of constructing prefab structure.

태양전자모듈 후면의 냉각조건에 따른 조립식 건축자재와 일체화에 관한 연구

이소미 ( So Mi Yi ),이용호 ( Yong Ho Lee ),홍성민 ( Sung-min Hong ) 한국신재생에너지학회 2006 신재생에너지 Vol.2 No.2

The application of photovoltaics into building as integrated building components has been paid more attention worldwide. Photovoltaics or solar electric modules are solid state devices, directly converting solar radiation into electricity; the process does not require fuel and any moving parts, and produce no pollutants. And the prefab building method is very elective because the pre - manufactured building components is simply assembled to making up buildings in the construction fields especially the sandwich panel. So, the purpose of this research is to integrated prefab building materials depending on the cooling type of PV modules. It is concluded that the prediction of BIPV system's performance should be based on the more accurate PV module temperature. From the basis of these results on the correlation of temperature and irradiation were obtained.

국내 특허 사례 연구를 통한 임시 주거용 프리패브 모듈라 구조 분석

한현석,강희정 한국디지털정책학회 2019 디지털융복합연구 Vol.17 No.11

This study proposes a temporary residential prefab modular structure to provide residential space to displaced people after a disaster. Patent cases related to prefab structures are collected for related design implementations, and classified. Space in temporary residential prefab modular structures must consider factors such as “Expandability”, “Assembly and Disassembly”, “Built-in Structure”, and “Energy Efficiency”, and the cases are classified into “Detailed Assembly Modular Type”, “Modular Expandable Type”, and “Space Unit Expandable Type”. Overseas patents cases will be collected and analyzed in future studies for providing the efficient way for mass production for the lowest production cost. 본 연구는 재난 상황 발생 후 이재민들에게 임시 주거용 공간을 손쉽게 제공하기 위한 임시 주거용 프리패브 모듈라 구조를 제안하기 위해서 진행하였다. 이를 위해 관련 디자인 개념 및 실행을 위해 국내에 등록된 조립식 구조물이나 프리패브 구조와 관련된 다양한 특허를 검색하고 수집하였으며, 이를 특성별로 분류하였다. 결과적으로 임시 주거용 프리패브 모듈라 구조의 공간은 “확장성”, “조립 및 해체의 용이성”, “빌트인 구조”, 그리고 “에너지 효율성”과 같은 추가적인 주요 요인에 대해서도 고려해야 하며, 각 사례는 “세부 조립 모듈형”, “모듈형 확장형”, “공간 유닛 확장형”의 3가지의 형식으로 구분되었다. 향후 연구에서는 해외 특허를 대상으로 다양한 사례를 수집하고 분석할 예정이며, 이를 통해 가능한 낮은 생산 단가로 양산 및 제공할 수 있도록 구체적인 구현 방법에 대해서도 제안하고자 한다.

20세기 초, 중반 미국에서 조립식 대량생산 주택의 기원과 확장

서명수(Seo, Myengsoo) 대한건축학회 2016 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.32 No.11

This research explores the origins of prefabricated housing (prefab) in the United States from the early to mid-20th century and its expansion not only throughout the United States, but also into the mass production of housing in other countries. Prefab appeared not only as a way to address the need for more houses after the World Wars, but also as a result of the desire for a new life in modern times. Moreover, prefab housing is strongly related to the development of greater mechanization and industrialization which enables mass production in housing. However, the beginnings of such mechanization and industrialization in architecture did not emerge abruptly in modern times, but had its origins in other movements, such as CIAM (Congrès internationaux d’architecture moderne), the International Style, and others in Europe before the 20th century. Through these processes, mechanization and industrialization were adapted to the architecture of the United States in the early 20th century, and this process played an important role in changing modern life in America, especially with respect to mass production in housing. In addition, adopting mechanization in architecture helped to overcome the shortage of housing in the mid-20th century. In order to identify the origins of this process, this research scrutinizes the beginning of mechanization and industrialization in Europe and traces how these ideas were adopted in the United States. Moreover, this research explores a pioneering engineer, Robert Gilmore (R.G.) LeTourneau, who introduced the idea of the machine in America’s housing improvement through his inventions, such as the “steel panel system” and the so-called “Tournalayer” machine. In this sense, this research helps to identify the essence and origins of prefabricated housing through the example of America’s prefabricated buildings. This research also suggests that the example of the United States influenced the mass production of housing in other countries.

한국의 Prefab 기술현황 및 융합개발 방향 제안

정준수(Chung, Joon-Soo),설욱제(Seol Wook-Je),백정훈(Baek, Cheong-Hoon),임석호(Lim, Seok-Ho) 대한건축학회 2017 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.37 No.1

A Study on the Prefab Greenhouse on the Rooftop for the Neighborhood Regeneration in Seoul, South Korea

Haeyeon Yoo 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.10 No.4

In this study, we evaluated the purpose and method of new facilities for the urban farming in neighborhood regeneration during establishment of the plan for regeneration of the castle village in Haengchon District, which was recently carried out by Seoul. By utilizing the unused rooftop spaces of multi-family houses, the economic burden of residents to purchase land decreased, and although at a small scale, a method to generate profits together with neighbors is examined. So selecting the rooftop of the “Haengchon Lot”, which is the revitalization center of Haengchon-dong, the business trial and research were officially launched. Unlike vinyl greenhouse that are planned at the ground level, the prefabricated greenhouse on the rooftop has been designed. The expansion models must be lightened and miniaturized. By taking into consideration the different installation conditions of different rooftops and also taking into consideration the convenience of installation, the safety of the structure and economic costs etc.

태양전지모듈 후면의 냉각조건에 따른 조립식 건축자재와 일체화에 관한 연구

이소미(Yi, So-Mi),이용호(Lee, Yong-Ho) 한국신재생에너지학회 2006 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.06

The application of photovoltaics into building as integrated building components has been paid more attention worldwide. Photovoltaics or solar electric modules are solid state devices, directly converting solar radiation into electricity; the process does not require fuel and any moving parts, and produce no pollutants. And the prefab building method is very effective because the pre-manufactured building components is simply assembled to making up buildings in the construction fields especially the sandwich panel. So, the purpose of this research is to integrated prefab building materials depending on the cooling type of PV modules. It is concluded that the prediction of BIPV system's performance should be based on the more accurate PV module temperature. From the basis of these results on the correlation of temperature and irradiation were obtained.