한국산 생약으로부터 항암물질의 개발(제4보) 소엽 부탄올 가용분획의 항암활성

최규은,곽정숙,김영옥,백승화,한두석 한국독성학회 1997 Toxicological Research Vol.13 No.4

This study was carried out to develop antitumor effect of the n-butanol soluble fraction of Perilla frutescens on (KB cells) human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells. The cytotoxictty of methanollc extract of Perilla frutescens on KB cells was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay. The antitumor activity of various fractions obtained from n-butanol soluble fraction of Perilla frutescens was evaluated in human oral epithelold carcinoma cells. The antitumor acavity of the n-butanol soluble fraction on human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells was evaluated by MTT assay of colorimetric method. The light microscopic study was carried out to observe morphological changes of cultured human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells. These results were obtained as follows; 1. The fractions 1,2 and 3 of the n-butanol soluble fraction of Perilla frutescens were shown significant antitumor activities. 2. The number of human oral epitheloid carcinoma cells were decreased and tend to form cell cluster by treatment with fractions 1,2,3 and 4 of the n-butanol soluble fraction of Perilla frutescens. 3. The fraction 1 of the n-butanol soluble fraction of Perllla frutescens showed the highest antitumor activity on Perilla frutescens. It has been selected as a lead fraction for further examinations.

자소엽 추출물이 식중독 유발세균의 증식에 미치는 영향

김선애,서지은,배지현 동아시아식생활학회 2004 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.14 No.5

In this study, Perilla frutescens which has been used as a folk remedy was investigated its antimicrobial activity. First, the Perilla frutescens was extracted with methanol at room temperatures, and fractionation of the methanol extracts from Perilla frutescens was carried out by using petroleum ether, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the Perilla frutescens extracts was determined using a paper disc method and the growth inhibition curve was determined using methanol extracts of Perilla frutescens against Salmonella enteritidis and Bacillus cereus. The methanol extract of Perilla frutescens showed strong antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus at the concentration of 1.000 ppm. The 4,000 ppm of methanol extract from Perilla frutescens. retarded the growth S. enteritidis and Bacillus cereus up to 72 hours.

RESEARCH ARTICLES : Collection and Evaluation of Genetic Variation of Perilla Accessions in the Jeju Island

( Su Yeon Woo ),( Kyu Jin Sa ),( Ju Kyong Lee ) 한국육종학회 2016 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.4 No.1

In order to understand the genetic variation of the cultivated and weedy types of Perilla crop in Jeju Island of Korea, this study has conducted a field expedition for collecting Perilla germplasm in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Cultivated Perilla crop was almost not cultivated throughout the island, whereas weedy types of both varieties (var.) of frutescens and crispa were often found in roadsides, around a creek, in wastelands, and in areas around a farmer’s fields. The total number of collection was 94 accessions. The seed colors of cultivated var. frutescens were white and brown, while the weedy var. frutescens were gray, brown, and dark brown. The weedy var. crispa exhibited gray and dark brown seed colors. The most accessions of cultivated var. frutescens and weedy types of var. frutescens and var. crispa revealed hard seeds, except one accession of cultivated var. frutescens which had soft seeds. A total of 17 simple sequence repeat loci showed polymorphism, producing a total of 149 alleles among the 85 Perilla accessions collected from Jeju Island. The average gene diversity for accessions of cultivated var. frutescens, weedy var. frutescens, and weedy var. crispa respectively showed 0.346, 0.649, and 0.463. The accessions of weedy types of var. frutescens and var. crispa comparatively exhibited higher genetic diversity than those of cultivated var. frutescens. The accessions collected would be useful for preserving the genetic diversity of this crop for further breeding programs of the Perilla crop in Korea.

배수체 들깨의 주요형질 및 지방산 조성에 관한 연구

김홍수,조만현 東亞大學校生命資源科學大學附設 農業資原硏究所 1996 農業生命資援硏究 Vol.5 No.1

들깨의 형질개량을 위하여 경남재래종 들깨, 적자소, 육성한 4배체 들깨 그리고 2배체 들깨와 적자소간 교잡종에 있어서 주요 형질 및 총지질의 지방산 조성에 관하여 검토했다. 1. 1,000립중은 4배체 들깨가 5.6g으로 최고이었고, 2배체 들깨는 2.1g이었으며, 2배체 들깨와 적자소간의 교잡종은 1.3g이었다. 2. 육성한 4배체 들깨의 유지함량은 50.0%로 최고이었고, 2배체 들깨는 44.7% 이었으며, 2배체 들깨와 적자소간의 교잡종은 27.6%를 나타내었다. 3. Linolenic acid 함량은 육성한 4배체 들깨가 71.9%로 가장 높았고, 2배체 들깨는 65.0%이었다. 4. 육성한 4배체 들깨가 유전자의 누적적 효과에 의하여 1,000립중과 유지함량 그리고 전체 지방산중 불포화지방산인 linolenic acid 등이 2배체 들깨보다 증대효과를 나타내었다고 보아진다. The present study was carried out to investigate the some characters, oil contents and fatty acid composition of diploid perilla of native Kyung-Nam and its breeded tetraploid, red perilla, F?? hybrid obtained by crossing betwen diploid perilla and red perilla. 1. In the 1,000 grain-weight, tetraploid indicated the highest mark with 5.6g, diploid perilla and F?? hybrid obtained by crossing between diploid perilla and red perilla indicated mark with 2.1g and 1.3g, respectively. 2. In the oil contents, breeded tetraploid perilla indicated the highest condition with 50.0%, diploid perilla and F?? hybrid obtained by crossing between diploid perilla and red perilla indicated condition with 44.7% and 27.6%, respectively. 3. In the linolenic acid composition of the total lipids, breeded tetraploid perilla indicated the highest condition with 71.9% and diploid perilla was 65.0%. 4. By the effect of that vreeded tetraploid perilla more increased the 1,000 grain-weight, oil contents and linolenic acid than diploid, it seems that the related genes acted for tetraploid cummulutively.

Comparison of Seed Characteristics between the Cultivated and the Weedy Types of Perilla Species

사규진,김진아,이주경 한국원예학회 2012 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.53 No.4

We evaluated the morphological characteristics of 54 Perilla accessions by examining two quantitative and four qualitative characteristics in order to understand better the relationships between the cultivated types and the weedy types of Perilla species. The size, germination rate, hardness, and color of seeds were examined. The cultivated type of Perilla frutescens var. frutescens showed variation in seed size (2.08 to 2.96 mm) and germination rate (54 to 99%). Most accessions had soft seeds, but the seed colors of white, gray, brown, and dark brown. The weedy type of var. frutescens also showed the variation in seed size (1.54 to 1.94 mm), germination rate (0 to 46%), and had only the hard seeds in dark brown. The cultivated type of var. crispa showed the seed size range of 1.6 to 1.72 mm, and the germination rate of 3 to 34%, and had only the hard seeds in dark brown. The weedy type of var. crispa showed the seed size of 1.45 to 1.96 mm, the germination rate of 0to 27%, and also hard seeds with dark brown color. The accessions of cultivated type of var. frutescens exhibited the bigger variation in seed characteristics than the weedy type of var. frutescens and the cultivated and weedy types of var. crispa. Principal component analyses clearly discriminated between the cultivated and weedy types in var. frutescens, and between var. frutescens and var. crispa in the two cultivated types. However, the seed characteristics of the cultivated type and the weedy type in var. crispa were not clearly discriminated. In this study, the size, germination rate, and hardness of seed were the useful characters for discriminating var. frutescens and var. crispa in the cultivated types, and the cultivated type and the weedy type in var. frutescens. The cultivated type of var. frutescens might be regarded as a more domesticated type than the cultivated type of var. crispa.

Cellular system에서의 깻잎의 ONOO^-에 의한 산화적 스트레스 개선 및 항노화 효과

김현영,황보라,조은주,Kim, Hyun Young,Hwang, Bo Ra,Wu, Ting Ting,Cho, Eun Ju 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2012 농업과학연구 Vol.39 No.4

In this study, we investigated the antioxidative and antiaging activity of Perilla frutescens using LLC-$PK_1$ porcine renal epithelial cell and WI-38 human diploid fibroblast cell. The extract from Perilla frutescens showed strong protective effect against nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide ($O_2{^-}$)-induced oxidative stress generated by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and pyrogallol, respectively. The result showed that P. frutescens increased the cell viability and showed scavenging activity of NO and $O_2{^-}$. In addition, the extract of P. frutescens exerted the protective effect against peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) induced by 3-morpholinosydnonimine. It suggests that P. frutescens would have the protective role against $ONOO^-$ itself and its precursors, NO and $O_2{^-}$. Furthermore, the aging model of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-treated WI-38 human diploid fibroblast was employed to investigate the anti-aging effect of P. frutescens. $H_2O_2$-treated WI-38 cells showed the loss of cell viability, however before-treatment with P. frutescens to WI-38 cells under premature senescence could delay the cellular aging process. The present study suggests the antioxidative and antiaging potential against free radical-induced oxidative damage of P. frutescens.

Cellular system에서의 깻잎의 ONOO⁻에 의한 산화적 스트레스 개선 및 항노화 효과

김현영(Hyun Young Kim),황보라(Bo Ra Hwang),Ting Ting Wu,조은주(Eun Ju Cho) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2012 농업과학연구 Vol.39 No.4

In this study, we investigated the antioxidative and antiaging activity of Perilla frutescens using LLC-PK₁ porcine renal epithelial cell and WI-38 human diploid fibroblast cell. The extract from Perilla frutescens showed strong protective effect against nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O₂?)-induced oxidative stress generated by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and pyrogallol, respectively. The result showed that P. frutescens increased the cell viability and showed scavenging activity of NO and O₂?. In addition, the extract of P. frutescens exerted the protective effect against peroxynitrite (ONOO-) induced by 3-morpholinosydnonimine. It suggests that P. frutescens would have the protective role against ONOO? itself and its precursors, NO and O₂?. Furthermore, the aging model of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-treated WI-38 human diploid fibroblast was employed to investigate the anti-aging effect of P. frutescens. H₂O₂-treated WI-38 cells showed the loss of cell viability, however before-treatment with P. frutescens to WI-38 cells under premature senescence could delay the cellular aging process. The present study suggests the antioxidative and antiaging potential against free radical-induced oxidative damage of P. frutescens.

들깨 품질평가 현황과 전망

이봉호,류수노,곽태순 韓國作物學會 2002 한국작물학회지 Vol.47 No.S

1. 들깨는 용도면에서 볼 때 종실은 식용으로, 기름은 식용과 공업용, 깻잎은 채소로 또 깻잎의 정유성분은 향료로 이용될 수 있는 다용도 작물이다. 2. 종실의 단백질 함량은 18-28% 정도이고 단백질의 아미노산조성에 있어 글루타메이트(glutamate)함량은 계란보다 월등히 많다. 3. 종실의 기름 함량은 35~54%로서 기름중에는 리놀렌산(linolenic acid)이 60% 이상 함유되어 있으므로 생리적 기능성 식품으로 우수한 특성을 갖고 있으며 필수지방산의 공급원으로서도 중요하다. 4. 기름의 특성상 들기름은 고도의 불포화 지방산인 리놀렌산이 주성분이기 때문에 들기름을 짜서 상온에서 보관하게 되면 산패(oxidation)되기 쉬우므로 장기간 저장 이용하기 어렵다. 5. 깻잎은 비타민 C와 베타카로틴(β-carotene) 함량이 많고 다른 미량성분도 풍부하게 함유되어 있으므로 들깨잎은 생식용 채소로서의 이용가치가 높다. 6. 깻잎의 정유(essential oil) 성분은 페릴라알데하이드(perilla aldehyde)가 주성분이며 이는 식품이나 식품첨가제로 쓰일 때 광범위한 항균작용(antimicrobial activity)을 나타낸다. 7 들깨나 자소잎의 붉은 색소중에는 안토시아닌(anthocynins)이 다량 함유되어 있으며 이는 식품색소로 널리 쓰인다. Perilla, Perilla frutescens. (L.) Britton, is a traditional oil seed crops grown in Korea. The seeds and seed oil is used for edible and some industrial sectors. The seeds of perilla contains 35-54% of a drying oil which is similar to the linseed oil. The fatty acids of seed oil is composed with linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid. The majority of fatty acids of the oil is α -linolenic acid proportioned 51-71% of the oil. This high linolenic acid makes it unstable of the oil and owing to the fast oxidation. Therefore, the plant breeders are challenges to develope a new varieties with low linolenic acid for edlible oil and high linolenic acid for industrial uses. Perilla foliage is also used as a potherb. The green leaves contains a special flavor, perilla aldehyde, and some abundant minerals and vitamins. The vitamin C and β -carotene is more available than lettuce and crown-daisy of which used for similar potherb and vegetables in traditional Korean food table. The authors are reviewed and discussed on the current status and prospects of the quality evaluations and researches in perilla seeds and leaves to provide and refers the condensed informations on their quality.

들깨의 생육단계와 부위별 기능성화합물 함량 비교 분석

김해은,윤희랑,허재복 한국생명과학회 2021 생명과학회지 Vol.31 No.5

The Perilla frutescens var. japonica HARA is widely cultivated in Korea for vegetable leaves and oil seeds. Perilla species have been used for food and medicine and are known to contain many functional compounds. In this study, we investigated the functional compound contents of Perilla during its growth stages to analyze the optimal harvest time and conditions. The contents of the Perilla sprouts were analyzed according to culture environment and days of growth. Sprouts grown in soil under natural light conditions showed high rosmarinic acid (23.19±0.16 mg/g) and GABA (0.55±0.05 mg/ g) content. Therefore, the results suggest that 6 to 8 days after sowing in soil under natural light conditions was the optimum harvest condition for sprouts. Also, the functional compounds of Perilla were analyzed according to growth stage and plant part. As a result, caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid exhibited the highest content in the stage from vegetative growth to reproductive growth (0.28±0.03 ~0.30±0.07 mg/g rosmarinic acid and 20.60±7.02~19.37±3.18 mg/g caffeic acid), and luteolin and GABA showed the highest content in the reproductive growth stage and in the early stages of vegetative growth, respectively (31.11±2.98~22.35±1.64 μg/g luteolin and 0.42±0.09~0.37±0.04 mg/g GABA). It was confirmed that the content of caffeic acid (0.34±0.03 mg/g), rosmarinic acid (55.22±9.33 mg/g) and luteolin (1,044.89±6.72 μg/g) was the highest during the bolting stage. Overall, we identified the timing of the highest level of functional compounds in the sprouts and mature leaves of Perilla. These results suggest a suitable harvest time and conditions for sprouts and leaves for the use of Perilla as a functional material. 들깨(Perilla frutescens var. japonica HARA)는 대표적인 유지작물 중 하나로서, 목적에 따라 잎들깨와 종실들깨로 구분된다. 들깨는 식용과 약용으로 사용되어 왔으며, 들깨의 잎, 줄기, 종자에는 다양한 기능성 성분이 많이 함유되어 있다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 들깨를 기능성 소재로서 이용하고자 최적의 수확시기 및 조건을 분석하기 위해 새싹들깨와 잎들깨의 생육단계별 및 부위별로 들깨의 주요 기능성 화합물인 rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, luteolin, GABA의 함량 비교하였다. 새싹들깨의 기능성 화합물 분석 결과 자연광 조건하의 흙에서 재배한 새싹들깨가 rosmarinic acid 23.19±0.16 mg/g과 GABA 0.55±0.05 mg/g으로 높은 함량을 보였고, 파종 후 6~8일 시기에 rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, GABA의 함량이 가장 높게 나타났다. 따라서 자연광 조건하의 흙에서 파종 후 6~8일이 새싹들깨의 최적의 수확조건으로 판단된다. 생육단계별 및 부위별로 잎들깨의 기능성 화합물 변화 분석결과 caffeic acid와 rosmarinic acid는 영양생장에서 생식생장으로 넘어가는 단계에 0.28±0.03~0.30±0.07 mg/g과 20.60±7.02~19.37±3.18 mg/g으로 함량이 가장 높았으며, luteolin은 생식생장단계에 31.11±2.98~22.35±1.64 μg/g으로 함량이 가장 높았다. GABA는 영양생장 초기단계에서 0.42±0.09~0.37±0.04 mg/g으로 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. 부위별 분석 결과 잎, 줄기, 추대 부위 중 추대부위가 rosmarinic acid (55.22±9.33 mg/g), caffeic acid (0.39±0.03 mg/g), luteolin (1044.89±6.72 μg/g)으로 함량이 가장 높게 나타났다. 종합적으로 새싹들깨와 잎들깨에서 기능성 화합물이 가장 증가하는 시기를 확인함으로써 적합한 수확시기 및 부위를 확인하였다. 본 연구는 기능성 소재로서 들깨를 이용하기 위해 새싹들깨와 잎들깨의 적합한 수확시기 및 조건을 제시하였다.

금산 지역 들깨와 참깨의 비호정성 원소 함량 비교

송석환,김일출 한국작물학회 2009 Korean journal of crop science Vol.54 No.1

3 토양별 조성 비교에서 식물체 종류에 관계없이 천매암 및 화강암 지역이 높은 원소가, 셰일 지역은 낮은 원소가 많았다. 각 식물체별 토양 함량 비교는 대부분 원소가 들깨 지역에서 높았다. 상관관계에서 정의 관계가 들깨 재배지는 화강암 지역이, 참깨 재배지는 셰일 지역이 우세하였다. 토양별 절대 함량 관계와 토양 내 원소 함량 사이의 상관 관계는 토양내 특정 원소를 함유하는 광물의 함유 비율 탓으로 해석된다. 식물체에 대한 3 토양별 비교에서 들깨와 참깨 모두, 셰일 지역이 높았고, 화강암 지역이 낮았다. 들깨와 참깨에 대한 토양별 비교에서, 참깨가 들깨보다 높은 원소가 많았고, 특히 참깨 재배지의 화강암 지역이 높은 원소가 많았다. 토양 차이를 무시한 각 식물체 내, 상, 하부의 절대 함량 비교에서 지역 및 식물의 종에 관계없이 대부분 비호정 원소가 하부에서 높음을, 공히 Rb, Sr은 상부가 높음을 암시한다. 상, 하부 각각의 절대 함량에 대한 종간의 비교 시 상, 하부 공히 Y, Zr, Rb는 들깨가, Ta, Nb, Th, U 에서는 참깨가 높음을 암시한다. 연구 지역 식물체들의 종간, 부분별 원소 흡수 정도는 식물체들의 선택적 흡수 정도의 차이, 뿌리 주변의 물리, 화학적 변화, 식물체내 부분별 축척되는 비율의 차이 등으로 설명이 될 수 있을 듯하다. 상관관계에서 들깨 및 참깨 모두 천매암 지역이 정의 관계가 우세하였다. 이는 토양 내 이 들 성분을 구성하거나, 교대하는 광물과, 이들의 2차 광물인 점토광물의 함량 변화에 따른 영향으로 설명 될 수 있다. 이외에도 식물체들의 선택적 흡수 정도 차이, 뿌리 주변의 물리, 화학적 변화, 식물체 부분별 축척되는 비율의 차이 등으로 설명 될 수 있다. 각 지역별 전체 평균값에서 토양과 식물의 상, 하부 평균 함량의 비(토양/식물체)는 식물의 종 및 토양의 차이에 관계없이 모든 HFS와 LFS 중 Cs는 수 배에서 수 백 배 차이로 토양이, LFS 중 Sr은 수 배 차이로 식물체가 높음을 암시한다. 3 종류의 토양과 각각 식물체의 상, 하부 평균값의 함량 비교에서, 들깨는 천매암 지역의 Y, Zr, Hf, Ta, Nb, Rb, Sr, 셰일 지역의 Th, U, Ba, Cs, 참깨는 천매암 지역의 Y, Zr, Hf, Rb, Sr, Ba, Cs, 셰일 지역의 Ta, Nb, Th, U가 토양 조성에 가까웠다. 토양과 식물체의 상, 하부 함량 비의 비교 시, 들깨 및 참깨 공히, 3 비교 토양의 상, 하부 모두에서, 화강암 지역이 제일 커서, 화강암 지역의 토양과 식물체의 함량 차이가 제일 큼을 암시한다. 3 토양과 식물체의 부분별 함량 비교에서, 참깨, 들깨 공히 하부는 천매암 지역에서, 토양의 조성에 가까움을 암시한다. This study is for incompatible element contents of Perilla frutescens and Sesamum indicum from the Keumsan: biotite granite, phyllite and shale areas. In the soils, high elements are shown in the granite and phyllite areas, and in the areas of the Perilla frutescens. Positive correlations are distinctive within the granite for the Perilla frutescens, but the shale for the Sesamum indicum. These relationships can be explained with relative propositions of minerals containing the incompatible element. In the plants, high elements are shown in the shale and the Sesamum indicum are high in the comparisons of the same soil types. The low parts are mainly high. Regardless of the soil types, the lower and upper parts, respectively, are high in the Y, Zr and Rb contents for the Perilla frutescens, but, Ta, Nb, Th and U contents for the Sesamum indicum. Positive correlations are distinctive within plants of the phyllite. Comparing with the soil types, all HFS and Cs contents of the LFS in the plants are low with differences of several to hundred times, but high in the Sr contents with differences of several times. In the comparisons between plants and soil types, Y, Zr, Hf, Ta, Nb, Rb, and Sr of the phyllite and Th, U, Ba and Cs of the shale for the Perilla frutescens as well as Y, Zr, Hf, Rb, Sr, Ba and Cs of the phyllite and Ta, Nb, Th and U of the shale for the Sesamum indicum are chemically similar to the soils. In the comparisons of the each parts for the plant types, differences with the soils are big in the granite