소비자의 식품안전 체감 및 역량척도 개발 연구

유현정 ( Yun Jung Yoo ),주소현 ( So Yun Joo ) 한국소비자학회 2012 소비자학연구 Vol.23 No.4

사회가 발전하면서 소비자들은 다양한 위험에 직면하게 되었는데 건강한 삶은 안전한 먹거리에서 출발한다고 할수 있다. 하지만 근래에 들어 식품안전에 대한 문제점들이 수시로 발생하고 있으며 유통과정이 선진화 되었다고 믿고 소비했던 식품들에서도 안전성에 문제가 있음이 보고되고 있다. 이에 소비자들의 식품안전에 대한 요구는 점점 높아져 가고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 우리사회의 식품안전 수준을 객관적이고 총체적으로 파악하기 위하여 표준화된 소비자의 식품안전 체 감 및 역량 척도를 개발하여 식품안전사회 구현에 기여하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 국내외문헌조사를 바탕으로 연구의 이론적 틀을 마련하고 측정도구를 수집한 후, 전문가 자문과 델 파이조사를 수행함으로써 척도의 타당성을 확보하였다. 다음으로, 수정된 척도는 재조사법(test-retest)을 통하여 데이터를 수집한 뒤 변별력테스트, 상관관계분석, 신뢰도분석, 탐색적 요인분석, 확인적 요인분석을 통해 척도의 신뢰성을 확보하고 타당성을 검증하였다. 연구결과 식품안전체감 척도는 전반적 식품안전도, 식품생산ㆍ유통ㆍ제공안전도, 식품위해우려도, 식품별 불안도, 식품표시신뢰도의 5가지 하위 차원의 총 35개 문항으로 구성되었으며, 식품안전역량 척도는 식품안전에 대한 지식, 기능, 태도의 3가지 차원의 총 35개 문항으로 구성되었다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 소비자의 식품안전 체감 및 역량척도는 그 사회의 식품안전 수준을 파악하고, 소비자의 식품안전요구를 조사함으로써 식품안전정책과 행정에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 차후 이들 척도를 바탕으로 식품안전지향성을 지수화 하고, 시계열적으로 조사를 실시한다면 변화하는 소비자의 요구를 파악하고 미래소비자들의 요구를 추정함으로써 보다 안정적으로 식품안전사회시스템을 구축하는데 기여할 수 있을 것이다. Today`s consumers confront various risks in everyday life and safety issues related to food becomes one of the major issues for consumers as food-borne illnesses and diseases increases. Since 2000, Korean consumers have had great interests in well-being and among the various aspects of well-being, physical and psychological well-being have been in the major focus of consumer lifestyle. As such consumers` interests with food safety have been dramatically increased and leaded dramatic growth in organic food industry. Recently, many food-related scandals and accidents have occurred and these scandals heighten consumers` needs for better food safety. To gauge a society`s overall level of food safety, a comprehensive approach should be adopted. So far in the literature food safety has been studied with limited scope and coverage. Consumers` food safety orientation includes two distinct components: perceived food safety and food safety competency. Consumers` perceived food safety is a key component to gauge consumers` food safety orientation because it relates to consumers` basic attitudes about food issue. However, without proper knowledge and practice consumers` could not enjoy desirable level of food safety therefore, consumers` competency is also very important. Consumers` perceived food safety refers to the level of consumers perception about food safety and it includes consumers` awareness and evaluation about food issues. Previous research on perceived food safety have examined about five subject areas of food safety issues: consumers general perception about food safety, food safety issues with production and retailing, food safety policy and administration, food safety information and education, food labeling issues, and food safety concerns. Consumers` food safety competency refers to the knowledge, attitudes, and practice to manage food related task to achieve desired levels of food safety. Consumers` food safety competency sub-constructs (i.e., knowledge, attitudes, and practice) have been studies with various consumer groups on several food categories. The purpose of this research was to develop consumers` perceived food safety measurement and food safety competency measurement to properly gauge consumers` food safety orientation of a society. The measurement will be used to further develop an index of consumer food safety orientation. To develop consumers` perceived food safety measurement and food safety competency measurement, this research utilized expert reviews, delphi study, and test-retest analyses. First, a list of sample measurement items were gathered based on a comprehensive literature review. Specifically total of 54 questions in eight sub-constructs of perceived food safety were selected from literature to get experts review. The eight sub-constructs include overall food safety perception, food production safety, food safety policy and administration, food safety information, food safety threats, food safety concerns, trustworthiness of food labeling, and food safety education. For candidates of food safety competency measurement, total of 49 questions on food safety knowledge, food safety significance, safe cooking procedure, hand washing methods in handling food, interests in food safety, food safety threats, food purchasing behavior, food safety education, and concerns about food safety were selected. These questions were sent to three experts in the area to initial reviews and evaluation. Based on the experts` review each measurement sub-constructs were reorganized. Three subconstructs( food safety policy and administration, food safety information and food safety education) from the perceived food safety have been deleted and several individual questions have been modified before the Delphi study. From the initial list of food safety competency, a new and different sub-constructs of knowledge, attitudes, and practice were formed and forwarded to the Delphi study. The Delphi study was conducted with 19 experts in the fields and the two measurements were reviewed, modified, and reorganized. Total of 35 questions in 5 sub-constructs for perceived food safety and 35 questions in 3 sub-constructs for food safety components were included in a consumer questionnaire for test, re-test reliability test. Consumer data was gathered through online survey from 300 participants with 1 week time span between test and re-test. The survey data was analyzed using correlation test, reliability test, exploratory factor analyses, and confirmatory factor analyses. Further modifications of the measurement were applied to the measurement based on the reliability and correlation tests. The factor analyses results showed desirable levels of reliability and validity of the measurement. The final measurement of perceived food safety includes 35 questions on five sub- constructs of overall food safety perception, safety in food production and retailing, food safety threats, concerns with food safety, and trustworthiness of food labeling. The final measurement of food safety competency includes 35 questions on consumer knowledge, attitudes, and practices on food safety. The food safety practice includes examination on food condition, examination on food labeling, general food safety behavior, and food purchase behavior. The measurements that were developed from this research showed proper levels of validity and reliability. Therefore, these measurements can be used to gauge a society`s level of consumer food safety orientation. Further development on food safety orientation index will be useful to push forward to better level of food safety and increased levels of consumer well-being.

경찰서수준 체감안전도에 영향을 미치는 요인 : 범죄수준 및 경찰력 활용을 중심으로

김중곤(Joonggon Kim),김주연(Joo-Yeon Kim) 한국공안행정학회 2021 한국공안행정학회보 Vol.30 No.3

경찰서 수준 체감안전도는 개인수준 체감안전도와는 다른 이론적, 정책적 의의를 갖는다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 지금까지의 선행연구는 주로 개인수준 체감안전도의 영향요인을 분석하는 데 집중되어 왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 이러한 선행연구의 공백을 보완하고, 지역 체감안전도 향상을 위한 이론적, 실증적 근거를 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 스마트치안 빅데이터 플랫폼에 공개된 2018년 기준 전국 253개 경찰서의 각종 자료들을 이용하여 범죄관련요인 및 경찰관련요인이 경찰서 단위 종합체감안전도에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 다중회귀분석결과, 인구1만명당 5대범죄발생건수가 많은 경찰서일수록 종합체감안전도가 낮았고, 인구1만명당 경찰관수가 많은 경찰서일수록 종합체감안전도가 높았다. 하지만 예상과는 달리 발생대비검거수준이 높은 경찰서일수록 종합체감안전도는 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 경찰관련요인의 설명력이 범죄관련요인의 설명력보다 더 높았다. 한편, 지역의 범죄수준을 통제하였을 때, 지역경찰관서의 관할인구규모를 나타내는 급지가 높을수록, 즉 관할인구가 적을수록 종합체감안전도는 높은 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 여성대상 범죄를 나타내는 지표들이 종합체감안전도에 미치는 영향은 개인수준 분석을 실시한 선행연구들과는 다소 다른 결과를 보여주었다. 이상의 분석결과를 바탕으로 이론적, 정책적 의의를 논의하였다. The police station-level perceived safety has distinctive theoretical and practical implications compared to the individual-level perceived safety. Nevertheless, prior research has mainly focused on analyzing factors that affect the individual-level perceived safety. This study aims to fill this void in the literature and to provide theoretical and practical grounds to address local perceived safety. For this purpose, we analyzed the effect of crime-related factors and police-related factors on the police station-level perceived safety using data from 253 police stations nationwide collected in 2018, which were released on the smart security big data platform. As a result of multiple regression analysis, police stations with more five major crimes per 10,000 population showed a lower level of perceived safety. However, police stations with more police officers per 10,000 population showed a higher level of perceived safety. Unexpectedly, the result showed that the higher the level of arrest productivity, the lower the level of perceived safety. Meanwhile, the explanatory power of police-related factors were higher than that of crime-related factors. The result also showed that the lower the population size of the police station district, the higher the level of perceived safety after controlling for the level of crime. Effects of the level of crime against women on perceived safety was mixed. Based on these results, theoretical- and practical implications were discussed.

조직후원인식이 심리적 안전감과 혁신행동에 미치는 영향: 일반화된 자기효능감의 부의 조절된 매개효과

김형진,심덕섭 대한경영학회 2023 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.36 No.6

This study aim to investigate the effect of perceived organizational support and innovative behavior via psychological safety. Drawing on behavioral plasticity theory we posit that generalized self-efficacy moderates these hypothesized relationships. Based on prior research, we derives following hypotheses. H 1: Perceived organizational support will be positively related to innovative behavior. H 2: Psychological safety will mediate the relationship between perceived organizational support and innovative behavior. H 3: Generalized self-efficacy will moderate the relationship between perceived organizational support and psychological safety. H 4: Generalized self-efficacy will moderate the mediating relationship between perceived organizational support and innovative behavior through psychological safety. To test the proposed hypotheses in our study we collected data via a survey with a sample of 201 employees in 11 firms. The major findings are as follows: First, perceived organizational support was positively associated with innovative behavior. Second, psychological safety has turned out to have partial mediation effect on the relationship between perceived organizational support and innovative behavior. Third, the relationships between perceived organizational support and psychological safety was moderated by generalized self-efficacy, such that the relationship was stronger for employees with low generalized self-efficacy. Lastly, generalized self-efficacy moderated the strength of the mediated relationships between perceived organizational support and innovative behavior via psychological safety, such that the mediated relationships were stronger under low generalized self-efficacy than under high generalized selfefficacy. As behavioral plasticity theory suggests these results indicated that individuals with lower generalized self-ef- ficacy are more sensitive to environmental clues than individuals with higher self-efficacy. Based on the results, the theoretical and practical implications are discussed, and recommendations for future research are provided. 불확실한 경영환경으로 혁신이 조직의 성과와 장기 생존을 위한 중요한 요소로 대두하면서 개별 종업원들의혁신행동에 대한 연구자의 관심이 높아졌고, 기업들은 종업원들의 혁신행동 촉진을 위해 조직 내 우호적 환경 조성과필요한 자원을 제공하는 등의 노력을 보이고 있다. 조직혁신의 주체인 개별 종업원의 혁신행동은 조직의 경쟁우위및 성과를 창출하는 중요한 원천으로 종업원의 혁신행동을 촉진할 수 있는 선행요인을 규명하는 연구는 이론적으로도, 조직관리 차원에서도 의미가 있을 것이다. 본 연구는 종업원의 과업환경 지각에 중요한 요소로 고려되는 조직후원인식이 심리적 안전감을 통해 혁신행동에미치는 영향과 함께 행위탄력성 이론에 기초하여 일반화된 자기효능감의 조절효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 가설검증을위해 국내 11개 기업 201명의 종업원을 대상으로 한 설문자료를 활용하였다. 실증분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조직후원인식은 혁신행동에 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 심리적 안전감은 조직후원인식과 혁신행동 간의 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 일반화된 자기효능감은조직후원인식이 심리적 안전감에 미치는 영향을 부적으로 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 일반화된자기효능감은 조직후원인식이 심리적 안전감을 통해 혁신행동에 미치는 매개 관계의 정도를 부적으로 조절하는것으로 나타났다. 즉, 조직후원인식이 심리적 안전감을 통해 혁신행동에 미치는 매개효과는 일반화된 자기효능감이높을 때보다 낮을 때 강한 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과는 일반화된 자기효능감이 낮은 사람이 환경적 단서에 더민감하게 반응한다는 행위 탄력성 이론을 지지해 주고 있다. 연구결과를 토대로 연구의 시사점 및 향후 연구방향을 제시하였다.

안전감을 주는 주거지역 보행환경을 위한 조명 색온도 시뮬레이션 및 EEG 분석

정수진 ( Jung Su Jin ),하지민 ( Ha Ji Min ) 디자인융복합학회(구.한국인포디자인학회) 2020 디자인융복합연구 Vol.19 No.4

안전은 현대 사회의 주요 화두다. 안전한 주거환경을 조성하기 위한 요인들 중 조명은 자연광이 사라진 상황에서 보행자들이 안심하고 걸을 수 있도록 도와주는 필수요소이다. 본 연구는 안전감을 느낄 수 있는 보행환경을 모색하기 위하여 조명의 색온도 변화에 따른 보행자의 생리적 반응을 파악하였다. 조명 색온도 시뮬레이션을 제작하기 위하여 보행환경을 3D 모델링 한 후, 2000K, 4000K, 6000K 색온도에 따른 세 가지 조명 시뮬레이션을 구현하고, Walk-through 카메라를 활용하여 애니메이션을 제작하였다. 색온도별 애니메이션을 경험하는 동안 조사대상자의 EEG를 측정하였고, 전전두엽 알파파 비대칭 특성을 통해 색온도 변화에 따른 생리반응(안전감)을 평가하였다. 색온도에 따른 안전감 수준은 2000K에서 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 4000K에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 좌측 전전두엽 활성화 상태인 안정그룹은 색온도에 따른 안전감 수준이 2000K, 4000K, 6000K 순으로 높아졌으며, 색온도 자극이 없을 때보다 자극이 있을 때 안전감이 높게 나타났다. 우측 전전두엽이 활성화된 불안 그룹은 색온도에 따른 안전감 수준이 2000K, 6000K, 4000K 순으로 높아졌으며, 특히 2000K에서는 색온도 자극이 없을 때보다 낮은 안전감 수준을 나타내었다. The purpose of this study is to identify physiological responses of the pedestrians according to changes in color temperature of lighting to improve perceived safety in pedestrian environment. 3D modeling was built and Lighting simulation was set up according to color temperature(2000K, 4000K, and 6000K). Three types of animation using walk-through camera were made by Relux program. We measured EEG signals and evaluated physiological responses (perceived safety) by prefrontal alpha asymmetry. The results and conclusion of this study are as follows. Participants showed lower perceived safety in 2000K, while they showed higher perceived safety in 4000K. The stable group whose the left prefrontal area was activated increased perceived safety in order of 2000K, 4000K, and 6000K, which means a higher color temperature leads to a more positive perceived safety. The anxiety group whose the right prefrontal lobe was activated showed higher level of perceived safety in 4000K, however, they showed lower perceived safety in 2000K than in eyes-closed state.

연구논문 : 소비자 식품안전 체감지수와 역량지수 산정에 관한 연구

유현정 ( Hyun Jung Yoo ),주소현 ( So Hyun Joo ) 한국조사연구학회 2014 조사연구 Vol.15 No.2

본 연구는 소비자의 식품안전 전반에 대한 체감 및 역량을 평가하는 척도를 사용하여 이를 지수화하여 향후 소비자의 식품안전에 대한 지향 수준을 파악하고 관련 정책을 수립하는 데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있도록 하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 소비자가 지향하는 식품안전의 수준을 평가하기 위하여 식품안전 체감지수와 식품안전 역량지수를 산출하였다. 다양한 지수화 방법을 고찰하여 적용해 보고 실제 우리나라에서 식품안전 체감지수와 역량지수를 산정하기에 가장 적절한 방법은 무엇인지를 결정하여 각각의 지수를 산출하였다. 이미 개발된 식품안전 체감척도와 식품안전 역량척도를 활용하여 20~40대 소비자 1,000명을 대상으로 조사한 데이터를 분석하였다. 식품안전 체감지수와 식품안전 역량지수에 각각 동일한 가중치를 부여하는 방법과 각지수를 구성하는 하위영역에 회귀분석, 요인분석, 구조방정식 모형 분석을 이용하여 가중치를 부여하는 방식을 통해 8개의 식품안전 체감지수와 4개의 식품안전 역량지수를 산출하였다. 산출된 지수를 서로 비교하고 소비자의 배경변수에 따른 분석을 통해 가장 단순하고 명료한 동일가중치를 부여하는 방법이 적당하다고 판단되었다. 이렇게 산출된 우리나라 소비자의 식품안전 체감지수는 100점 만점에 41.91점이었으며 역량지수는 58.81점으로 나타났다. 식품안전 체감지수의 하위영역 중에서는 식품 품목에 대한 안전 체감도와 위해유발 사항에 대한 안전 체감도가 상대적으로 더 낮았으며, 식품안전 역량지수의 하위영역 중에서는 식품안전에 대한 지식수준이 상대적으로 더 낮았다. 소비자가 지향하는 식품안전의 바람직한 수준을 영위하기 위하여 객관적인 사회시스템과 주관적인 소비자의 노력 및 능력이 중요하다고 판단되며 이러한 점에서 본 지수들은 향후 정책적 대안 수립이나 소비자 교육 및 연구에 활용될 수 있을 것이다. This research tries to explore the most suitable way of indexing consumers` perceived food safety and food safety competency using previously developed measurements. Consumers Perceived Food Safety Index(CPFSI) and Consumer Food Safety Competency Index(CFSCI) can be used to gauge the current levels of consumers food safety orientation and to develop food safety related policy. To find out the most suitable way of creating index, previous literature on indexing was reviewed and applied to compare index outcomes. To create CPFSI and CFSCI, an online survey with 1,000 consumers were conducted using previously developed measurements regarding food safety and food safety competency. Those measurements have confirmed with proper validity and reliability. Consumers` perceived food safety includes safety in food production and retailing, food safety threats, safety concerns with specific food categories, and trustworthiness of food labeling. Food safety competency includes food safety knowledge, attitudes and behavior. Based on reviewing the of previous literature on indexing, a total of eight different CPFSIs and four CFSCIs were created. Using ? -tests and ANOVA, the different indexes were compared to determine the most suitable ones. From the analyses, it was determined to apply equal weight when creating CPFSI and CFSCI. The CPFSI score and the CFSCI score for Korean consumers were 41.91 and 58.81, respectively, out of 100 point. Consumers` perceived level of food safety was lower than consumers` competency of food safety. Among the sub-constructs of consumers` perceived food safety, food safety threats and safety concerns with specific food categories were relatively lower than safety in food production and retailing and trustworthiness of food labeling. Among the subconstructs of food safety competency, food safety knowledge levels were lower than food safety attitudes and behaviors. To achieve desirable levels of food safety in our society, both consumers` own efforts to reach higher levels of competency and government`s efforts to develop high quality system that can guarantee safe food environment are required. The CPFSI and CFSCI developed in this research can be used in these efforts.

보안프로그램의 현저성이 온라인 서비스 평가에 미치는 영향: 소비자 마음가짐의 조절효과를 중심으로

박종은 ( Jongeun Park ),허다경 ( Dakyeong Heo ),신동우 ( Dongwoo Shin ) 한국소비자학회 2015 소비자학연구 Vol.26 No.3

온라인 서비스 제공자들은 전자상거래 과정에서 소비자들이 느끼는 불안감을 해소하기 위한 방안으로 다양한 형태의 안전표시(safety cue)를 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 목적추구 과정(goal striving process)에 대한 소비 자의 마음가짐(mind-sets) 이론에 근거하여 온라인 금융거래상황에서 나타나는 안전표시들이 소비자들에게 심리적인 안정을 가져오기도 하지만 소비자들의 특성과 안전표시의 형태에 따라서 거래과정의 안전성에 대한 우려를 증폭시키는 역효과를 가져올 수 도 있음을 보이고자 한다. 이를 위해서 안전표시의 현저성(높음 vs. 낮음)과 소비자가 가지는 마음가짐(실행 마음가짐 vs. 신중 마음가짐)의 상호작용에 관한 가설과 이러한 상호작용의 효과가 소비자가 느끼는 지각된 위험을 통하여 전달되어 결과적으로 서비스 평가에 영향을 미칠 것이라는 지각된 위험의 매개효과에 대한 가설을 함께 도출하였다. 가설 검정과정에서는 기존 연구에서 온라인 서비스 평가에 영향을 미치는 중요 변수로 사용되었던 컴퓨터 효능감(computer efficacy)을 통제변수로 활용하였다. 제시된 가설을 분석하기 위하여 안전표시의 현저성을 조작한 가상의 금융서비스 웹사이트를 구성하여 획득한 실험 자료를 일련의 회귀분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과를 살펴보면, 신중 마음가짐을 가진 소비자는 금융거래상황에서 안전표시들의 현저성이 높은 상황에서 오히려 더 심리적인 불안감을 느껴 서비스에 대한 부정적인 평가를 내리는 반면, 실행 마음가짐을 가진 소비자는 안전표시들이 뚜렷이 나타나지 않는 거래상황에서 심리적 불안감을 크게 느껴 부정적인 평가를 내리는 것으로 나타났다. 통제변수로 사용되었던 컴퓨터 효능감이 높은 소비자는 안전표시의 현저성이 높은 경우에 더 높은 심리적 불안감을 경험하고 부정적인 평가를 내린 반면 컴퓨터 효능감이 낮은 소비자는 안전표시의 현저성이 낮은경우 더 높은 심리적 불안감을 느끼고 부정적 평가를 내린 것으로 나타났다. 또한 매개변수로 사용된 지각된 위험은 소비자 마음가짐과 컴퓨터 효능감이 안전표시의 현저성과 가지는 두 개의 상호작용효과를 모두 서비스평가에 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. In recent years, online service providers have enjoyed constant growth in financial transactions in online market place. Recent development in mobile shopping applications further encourages consumers to purchase their various products and services through online/mobile financial transaction system. However, many consumers, who witnessed recent security breaches and informational leaks from major retailers and financial institutes in Korea, are also growing concerns over the safety of online financial transactions. To lessen consumers’ anxiety of using online payment system, Korean online service providers implement prominent safety cues - pop-up windows and other visible statements guaranteeing secure online financial transaction. Although many academicians and practitioners have extensively discussed the technical aspects related to the security of such transaction systems, there has been virtually no attempt to understand how prominent safety cues influence consumers’ psychological processes and risk perceptions. Based on the theory of implemental/deliberative mind-set in consumers’ goal pursuit process (Gollwitzer and Bayer 1999), we developed a series of hypotheses describing the interaction between the prominence of safety cues and consumers’ mindsets, and its influence on risk perceptions and service evaluations. We propose that people with implemental (vs. deliberative) mindset show aversive responses toward prominent (vs. non-prominent) safety cues, and perceive higher level of risk and display unfavorable service evaluations. We collected data from an experiment using an artificial online financial company as a consumption context. To test the proposed hypotheses, we conducted a series of regression analyses, which used participants’ computer efficacy as a control variable, and found the following results. First, we found a significant interaction between consumers’ mindsets and the prominence of safety cues. Consumers with deliberative mindset showed lower preference and higher perceived risk toward the online transaction system with highly prominent safety cues than one with less prominent ones. On the other hand, consumers with implemental mindset showed higher preference and lower perceived risk toward the online transaction system with highly prominent cues than one with less prominent cues. Second, we further found that computer efficacy also interacts with the prominence of safety cues. Consumers with low computer efficacy showed lower preference and higher perceived risk toward the online transaction system with highly prominent safety cues than one with less prominent ones. On the other hand, consumers with high computer efficacy showed higher preference and lower perceived risk toward the online transaction system with highly prominent cues than one with less prominent cues. Finally, the test of mediated moderation revealed that consumers’ perceived uncertainty fully mediate the both interactions (i.e., between consumer mindset and prominence and between computer efficacy and prominence) to service evaluations. While many policy makers and system developers in Korea have emphasized the importance developing secure online financial transaction systems, their interests lies heavily on the technical aspects of financial transaction systems (e.g., the security problems of using Active-X based transaction system) for developing secure programs preventing informational leaks or hackings. Consequently, they have neglected non-technical aspects of the online financial transaction platform, which can also generate a significant amount of psychological uncertainty to online service users. Our study demonstrated that the prominence of safety cue (a non-technical characteristics of the system) produce different amounts of uncertainty among consumers, and influence service evaluations. These findings suggest that marketers recognize and understand psychological forces related to consumers’ perceptions on online security programs, and reflect the effect of such non-technical aspects in developing and implementing online transaction platforms.

소규모 제재업 사업장에서 안전통로가 안전관련 변인 지각에 미치는 효과: 탐색적 연구

이홍석 ( Hong Suk Rhee ),문광수 ( Kwang Su Moon ),이계훈 ( Kye Hoon Lee ),이재희 ( Jae Hee Lee ),오세진 ( She Zeen Oah ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2016 한국안전학회지 Vol.31 No.3

This study examined the effects of safety-aisle on the safety climate, safety leadership, safety behavior, work loading and perceived accident risk in the small sawmilling industry. We distributed a questionnaire that measured various demographic variables, safety related variables by mail to 200 sawmilling companies. Finally 59 managers’ and 129 workers’ questionnaires were used for data analysis. An independent t-test was conducted to identify significant mean differences of safety related variables between safety-aisle installed and non-installed companies. Results indicated that mean differences of safety climate and safety behavior between safety-aisle installed and non-installed companies were significant. However, mean differences of safety leadership, work loading and perceived risk were not significant at the p < .05 level. Based on these results, the implications of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed.

경찰활동과 체감안전도 관련 주민들의 인식에 대한 예비적 분석과 자치경찰제에 대한 시사점

조준택 한국경찰연구학회 2019 한국경찰연구 Vol.18 No.1

Despite a number of studies on the perceived safety of local residents, there is a lack of research on how policing affects residents' perceptions of safety. In particular, few studies have focused on how residents perceive police activities. Thus, this study surveyed the local residents and analyzed how the policing affected their perceived safety. In addition, this study conducted qualitative analysis on the reason why policing did not affect the perceived safety of some residents and their awareness of police activities. As a result, the residents who felt safe through the police activities responded that patrol cars and police substations had positive effects on their perceived safety. While, residents who felt insecure through policing reported that patrol activities and first responses by police force were insufficient compared to residents' expectation and they felt fear when they witnessed police activities because it seemed that there was a problem in their neighborhood. Meanwhile, residents who responded that policing had no effect on their perceived safety due to the lack of visibility and persistence of police activities as well as their scepticism about crime prevention and response capabilities of police force. In order to improve the perceived safety, residents suggested the reinforcement of patrol activities in vulnerable areas, the expansions of new police boxes to reduce the blind spot of policing as well as intensification of first response against crime and the provision of protective services for vulnerable groups. Based on these results, the police should conduct basic patrol activities and first response measures more thoroughly so residents can recognize police performances. To this end, rational allocation of police force through scientific analysis on the local environment and collaboration of protective services through cooperation with local governments should be needed. 지역주민의 체감안전도에 대한 연구가 다수 수행되었지만 경찰활동이 주민의 체감안전도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구가 부족하고 특히 경찰활동에 대하여 주민들이 실제로 어떻게 인식하고 있는지에 대해 초점을 둔 연구는 거의 수행되지 못했다. 그리하여 본 연구에서는 지역주민들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 경찰활동이 체감안전도에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 분석하는 한편, 경찰활동이 일부 지역주민의 체감안전도에 영향을 주지 못하는 이유와 주민들이 경찰활동에 대하여 어떠한 문제의식을 가지고 있는지에 대해 초점을 둔 예비적 분석을 수행하였다. 분석결과, 경찰활동을 통해 안전감을 느낀 주민들은 순찰차량과 지구대와 파출소가 체감안전도에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다고 응답하였다. 반면, 경찰활동을 보고 불안감을 느낀 주민들은 순찰활동과 초동조치가 주민의 기대에 비해 미흡하게 운영되고 있으며 경찰활동을 목격할 경우 지역에 문제가 발생한 것 같아 불안하다고 응답하였다. 한편, 경찰활동이 체감안전도에 영향이 없다고 응답한 주민들은 경찰활동의 가시성과 지속성이 부족하고 경찰의 범죄예방 및 대응역량에 의문이 많아 안전감에 영향이 없었다고 응답하였다. 주민들은 체감안전도 제고를 위해 범죄취약지역에 대한 순찰활동의 강화와 환경개선, 파출소 신설 등을 통한 치안사각지대 감소, 경찰의 범죄에 대한 초동조치 강화, 범죄취약계층에 대한 치안서비스 제공 등이 필요하다는 의견을 제시하였다. 이러한 분석결과를 바탕으로 주민들이 체감할 수 있는 치안성과를 창출하기 위해서는 경찰이 기본적인 순찰활동과 초동조치를 보다 충실히 할 필요가 있다는 시사점을 도출하였으며 이를 위해 치안환경에 대한 과학적인 분석을 통한 경찰력의 합리적인 배분, 사회적 약자 보호서비스 확대를 위한 지방자치단체와의 유기적인 협력이 필요하다는 점을 제언하였다.

관광객의 구매행동에 있어서의 지각가치 척도에 관한 연구: 미용관광에서의 안전가치 척도에 대한 검증

배종민 ( Jong-min Bae ) 한국미용예술경영학회 2021 미용예술경영연구 Vol.15 No.4

구매 활동에 있어서 나타나는 고객의 지각 가치는, 구매 과정에서의 만족을 창출하는 주요 요인 중의 하나이며, 소비자의 구매행태를 분석할 수 있는 중요한 기준이다. 따라서 관광 상품을 구매한 관광객의 지각 가치는, 관광 상품에 대한 만족도를 결정짓는 요인이자 관광객의 구매행동을 지속시키는 요인이라고 볼 수 있다. 전통적으로 관광객의 구매활동은 패키지여행과 같은 관광 상품의 구매를 의미했다. 그러나 최근 연구에 따르며, 관광객에 의한 관광지에서의 소비활동도 관광구매활동으로 간주할 수 있다. 또한, 패키지관광의 비율보다 개인관광의 비율이 높아짐에 따라서, 관광지에서 이루어지는 소비활동의 중요성 또한 높아지고 있다. 이러한 경향은 서비스 상품을 구매하고자 하는 분명한 목적과 의지가 있는 미용 관광 관광객에게 더 강하게 나타날 수 있다. 소비자의 지각가치는 인간의 보편적인 지각 가치에서 도출되었으나, 두 지각 가치 사이에는 차이가 존재한다. 환경적 요인의 변화는 관광객이 구매 활동에서 느끼는 지각 가치를 변화시킬 수 있다. 미시적으로는 관광지 환경의 변화에 의해 영향을 받을 수 있으며, 거시적으로는 국제관계나 사회적 변화에 의해 영향을 받을 수도 있다. 2020년부터 현재까지 지속되고 있는 코로나19의 팬데믹 상황은 후자의 경우라고 생각할 수 있으며, 이러한 변화는 관광객의 지각가치에 영향을 미치고 있다고 생각할 수 있다. 여기에서 관광객의 지각 가치에 변화가 있는지를 확인할 필요성이 제기된다. 본 연구는 미용관광을 선택한 관광객들을 대상으로, 지각 가치에 변화가 있었는지를 확인하였다. 특히, 척도 개발의 관점에서, 환경적 변화에 따라 지각가치를 측정하기 위한 추가적인 척도가 존재하는지의 여부를 확인하였다. 연구 결과, 관광객의 지각 가치 척도에는 변화가 없음을 확인하였다. 또한 환경적 변화가 지속적으로 이루어지고 있는 만큼, 관광객에 대한 지각 가치에 대한 추가적인 연구의 필요성이 제기되었다. The customer’s perceived value in a purchasing activity is a factor that creates satisfaction in the purchasing process. It is an important criterion in analyzing the purchasing behavior of consumers. Thus, it can be considered that the perceived value by tourists who purchase a tourism product is a determining factor in the satisfaction regarding the tourism product and a factor that sustains the purchasing behavior of tourists. Traditionally, tourist purchases meant purchasing tourism products, such as package tours. However, in recent studies, consumption activities by tourists at tourist destinations are also considered tourist purchasing activities. According to the increase in the proportion of individual tourism versus package tourism, the importance of consumption activities in tourist destinations is also increasing. These trends are stronger for tourists in beauty tourism who have a clear purpose regarding purchasing service products. There are differences between the two perceived values, despite the customer’s perceived value drawn from the perceived value of human beings. Environmental factors can change the perceived value that tourists feel in purchasing activities. At the micro level of analysis, such changes may be influenced by environmental factors in the tourist destination. At the macro-level of analysis, these changes can also be affected by environmental changes arising from international relations or society. The latter context may be considered given the COVID-19 pandemic, which has continued from 2020 to the present. Thus, there is necessary to 1) check whether the safety-related perceived value of beauty tourists affects their purchasing behavior, and 2) check whether the perceived value system of beauty tourists has changed, concretely. This study researched the perceived value of tourists who travel for beauty treatments. Specifically, it was studied whether additional scales exist from the perspective of scale development. The study’s results confirmed no change in the perceived value of tourists. In addition, the need for additional research on the perceived value of tourists was raised.

보행환경의 안전감 향상을 위한 조명계획요소에 관한 기초연구

민영희(Min, Young Hee),하미경(Ha, Mi-Kyoung) 대한건축학회 2017 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.33 No.7

Influence of lighting on crime prevention is controversial, but many studies found increased lighting significantly reduced fear of crime. Since fear of crime in neighborhood is related to general well-being and reduction of physical activities of residents, it is crucial to increase the perceived safety in terms of the quality of urban life. However, the influence of various lighting characteristics on the perceived safety is largely unknown and evidence is trivial and weak. This study reviewed extensive researches regarding the influence of lighting on perceived safety in pedestrian environment, and tried to analyze the needs of research with the rapid change and development in lighting industry. This study selected 42 related articles through systematic review process, and categorized them into the groups according to the variables, types of environment, fields of research, methodologies, and objectives. Secondly, through empirical researches, the interaction between perceived safety and lighting characteristics(illuminance, uniformity, spectrum, color rendering, color temperature, distribution, etc.) is discussed. Experimental researches reveal the evidence that there is a limit of sufficient brightness for perceived safety, and within a certain effective spectrum the perceived safety can be enhanced using less energy. Further research is needed for LED light source considering mesopic vision, which is differed from traditional high intensity discharge lamps and measurement methods based on photopic vision. Also, perception of dynamic lighting should be studied with the development of intelligent road lighting control system. These findings can be a new standard for socially acceptable and effective public lighting to compromise the conflict between energy reduction and the perceived safety. Intervention studies show that it is not just quantitative ‘brightness’ that heighten the perceived safety, but it is a ‘message’ that the streets and districts are well-managed by local communities, which means aesthetic qualitative lighting design well-matched to each sites is also important.