하이패스 DSRC 자료를 활용한 고속도로 오프라인 경로통행시간 추정기법 개발

심상우,최기주,이상수,남궁성 대한교통학회 2013 大韓交通學會誌 Vol.31 No.3

Korea Expressway Corporation has been utilizing vehicles equipped with dedicated short range communication (DSRC) based on-board equipment (OBE) for collecting path travel times. A path based method (PBM) estimates the path travel time using probe vehicles traveling whole links on the path, so it is not always possible to obtain sufficient samples for calculating path travel time in the DSRC system. Having this problem in utilizing DSRC for travel time information, this study attempted to estimate path travel time with the help of a link based method (LBM) and examined whether the LBM can be used for obtaining reliable path travel times. Some comparisons were made and identified that the MAPE difference between the LBM and the PBM estimates are less than 3%,signaling that LBM can be used as a proxy for PBM in case of sparse sample conditions. Some limitations and a future research agenda have also been proposed. DSRC의 원래 목적은 통행료 수집이었으나, 최근 한국도로공사는 DSRC 기반의 하이패스시스템을 교통정보체계에 응용하여 노변기지국간의 링크통행시간과 기·종점의 경로통행시간을 수집하는데 활용하고 있다. 기·종점을 통과한차량을 통해 경로통행시간을 추정하는 경로기반방식(PBM: Path-based Method)은 수집표본수가 적고, 통과차량이 없을 경우 경로통행시간을 산출할 수 없는 문제점이 있는바, 링크기반방식(LBM: Link-based Method)을 제시하였다. 이는 실제 차량 궤적과 상이할 수 있는 문제점이 있으나 본 연구에서는 하이패스 DSRC 자료의 특성을 고려한 고속도로 경로통행시간 추정 모형 개발을 목적으로 개발되었다. LBM과 PBM의 경로통행시간 비교를 시도하였고, 그 결과 MAPE가 3% 이내로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 LBM을 통해 신뢰성 있는 경로통행시간을 추정할 수 있는것으로 판단된다. 약간의 한계와 장래연구항목에 대해서도 제시하였다.

pEA 9::Tn5-Mob에 의한 nif-plasmid pEA 9의 transfer 성질

민병환,이호자 한국미생물학회 1988 미생물학회지 Vol.26 No.3

Using a Tn5-Mob system, pEA9 was characterized as a self-transmissible plasmid carrying a kanamycin resistance marker. The self-transfer frequencies of pEA9 varied greatly depending on pH values. The transfer frequency was about $4\times 10^{-5}$ at pH 5, that was 10 times higher than one at pH 6.5. With a helper plasmid, transfer frequencies were increased about $10^{4}$ times than the frequencies obtained without it.

Chemical synthesis of NdFeB particles with enhanced magnetic properties through planetary ball milling process of oxide powders

Seunghyun Kim,Rambabu Kuchi,Vitalli Galkin,Dongsoo Kim 한국자기학회 2021 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.31 No.1

NdFeB based high energy density (BHmax) magnets are of enormous significance in various engineering applications include electric equipments, motors, generators, hard disc drives and electric vehicles. It has the high BHmax than other rare earth transition metal based magnets. The BHmax was strongly depends on the magnetic properties of NdFeB magnetic particles which are to be used to make the NdFeB magnets. The magnetic properties of NdFeB powder are determined from its phase purity, crystallinity and structure. These can be controlled in the powder synthesis process. In this work, we used spray drying and reduction diffusion methods for the production of Nd-Fe-B powders. In order to obtain excellent magnetic properties to the final powders, it is necessary to optimize the crystallinity and shape of the powder particles. Since the final NdFeB powders are obtained from their oxides so that the microstructure and phase purity of NdFeB oxides can effect them. The NdFeB oxides are formed from the heat treatment of spray dryed powders and their properties has been controlled using planetary ball milling (PBM). The PBM of oxides were performed with different time intervals (1, 2 and 4 hrs) at 200 rpm in dry condition. The 1 hr PBM powders resulted fine particles and uniform shape (spherical shape) compared to 2 and 4hrs. The final particles prepared using PBM (1 h) showed enhanced magnetic properties include the coercivity of 3900 Oe, and remaenant magnetization of 102 emu/g. It shows 21.9% higher coercivity compared to unmilled powder.

PBM (Porous Body Model) 기반의 N-S Solver를 이용한 해안대수층의 해수침투모의

이우동,정영한,허동수 한국수자원학회 2015 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.48 No.12

본 연구에서는 해수-담수-해안대수층의 비선형 상호작용을 직접 해석할 있는 PBM(Porous Body Model) 기반의 3차원 N-S Solver인 LES-WASS-3D ver 2.0을 적용하며, 해안대수층의 해수침투모의를 수행하였다. 이와 같은 N-S Solver를 적용한 해안대수층의 해수침투모의는 국내 최초 수행되는 것일 뿐만 아니라, 국외적으로도 찾아보기 어려운 새로운 수치해석방법이라고 할 수 있다. 먼저 적용하는 수치모델을 검증하기 위하여 해안대수층의 해수-담수 경계면에 관한 수리모형실험결과와 비교·검토 하여 수치모델의 타당성 및 유효성을 확인하였다. 그리고 해수위 및 지하수위 변화를 고려한 해안대수층 내의 해수침투모의를 수행하여 해수위-지하수위 차와 해수위의 비(△h/h)의 증가에 따른 해안대수층 내의 유동장 그리고 해수-담수 경계면 분포 특성에 관하여 논의하였다. 또한 기존의 비확산 수치모델에서 도출할 수 없었던, △h/h에 따른 해안대수층 내의 연직 염분농도로 부터 해수침투 특성을 파악하였으며, 최종적으로 지표화 할 수 있는 △h/h가 해안대수층 내의 해수침투거리에 미치는 영향에 대하여 분석하였다. 이 결과로부터 △h/h가 작을수록 해안대수층 내의 해수침투가 약해지는 메커니즘을 이해할 수 있었다. This study applies 3-D N-S solver based on PBM (Porous Body Model), LED-WASS-3D ver 2.0 to directly analyze non-linear interaction of seawater-freshwater-coastal aquifer in order to simulate the seawater infiltration into coastal aquifer. This numerical simulation is the first trial in Korea, as well as unusual and new numerical analysis abroad. Firstly, to validate the applied numerical model, the validity and effectiveness was verified for the numerical model by comparing and considering it with the result of laboratory experiment for seawaterfreshwater interface in coastal aquifer. And then it simulated the seawater infiltration into coastal aquifer considering the changed levels of seawater and groundwater in order to analyze the distribution characteristics of flow field and seawater-freshwater interface of coastal aquifer as the level difference between seawater and groundwater and rate of seawater level (△h/h) increased. In addition, the characteristics of seawater infiltration were analyzed from the vertical salinity in the coastal aquifer by △h/h, which cannot be obtained from existing non-diffusion numerical models. Finally, it analyzed the effect of △h/h on the seawater infiltration distance in coastal aquifer, which was indexed.

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Technology for Stroke Patients: tDCS, rTMS, PBM

박지수(Park, Ji-Su),황나경(Hwang, Na-Kyoung),정영진(Jung, Young-Jin) 한국노인작업치료학회 2021 한국노인작업치료학회지 Vol.3 No.2

서론 : 최근 뇌기능 조절을 위한 다양한 뇌 기능조절 기술들이 선보이고 있는 가운데, 뇌졸중 환자를 위한 비침습적 뇌 자극 방법들의 기전 및 임상적 효과 그리고 사용 시 고려사항에 대한 다양한 논문이 최근 다수 출판되었다. 특히, 비침습적 뇌 자극 방법 중 임상에서 사용되기 시작한 경두개 직류 자극, 반복적경두개 자기 자극, 광생체조절을 중심으로 최근 출판된 논문을 리뷰하였다. 본론 : 경두개 직류 자극, 반복적 경두개 자기 자극과 광생체조절은 미세 전류와 자기장 또는 근적외선을 이용하여 뇌 활성도를 조절(대뇌피질의 흥분도를 억제 또는 증가)하는 방법으로 뇌졸중 환자의 뇌 기능 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며 이는 운동기능 및 인지기능 향상에 도움을 줄 수 있다고 보고되었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 이러한 비침습적 뇌 자극 방법에 대한 정확한 기전은 여전히 불명확하며 또한 임상 적용과 관련하여 중재 기간, 강도, 적용 영역 등 명확한 가이드라인이 부재한 실정이다. 결론 : 향후, 뇌졸중 재활을 위한 명확한 기전과 효율적인 임상 적용을 위한 다양한 동물 실험 및 추가적인 임상 연구를 통해 보다 명확한 근거와 구체적인 임상 가이드라인이 연구될 것이라 기대된다. Introduction : The purpose of this study was to review the mechanisms, clinical effects, and considerations for the use of non-invasive brain stimulation methods for stroke patients. This study reviewed recently published papers focusing on tDCS, rTMS, and PBM, which are mainly used in clinical practice among non-invasive brain stimulation methods. Discussion : tDCS, rTMS, and PBM control brain activity (inhibit or increase cortical excitability) by stimulating the brain using micro-currents (1~2mA), magnetic field change, and near infrared radiation. As a result, it has a positive effect on the improvement of brain function in stroke patients, and was found to be effective in improving motor and cognitive functions. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism of this non-invasive brain stimulation method is still unclear, and clear guidelines such as the intervention period, intensity, and application area in relation to clinical application have not yet been fully developed. Conclusion : In the future, it is expected that clearer evidence and specific clinical guidelines will be studied through various animal experiments and additional clinical studies for a clear mechanism for stroke rehabilitation and efficient clinical application.

PBM(Population balance model)을 이용한 고로 내 입자 적하 거동 해석

황동하(D.H. Hwang),백제현(J.H. Baek),최응수(E.S. Choi),이상호(S.H. Lee) 한국전산유체공학회 2011 한국전산유체공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.11

Analysis of the inside of the blast furnace is needed to solve the decreasing of the productivity and to control the ventilating and discharging. Blast furnace is composed of various materials ? burning gas, liquid iron and solid particle, so-called multiphase filed. This paper presents a foundational multiphase numerical simulation with mathematical governing equation and PBM(population balance model) represented by particle size distribution to calculate the number density of particles in liquid and solid mixture. Describing the behavior of the individual particles is, in essence, similar to describing the distributed properties, which is less complex. Size reduction rate is significant to analyze the macroscopic chemical/physical phenomena and results the change in particle size distribution, average particle size and total solid volume fraction.

Rapid Screening of Salmonella spp. Using PBM BioSign^TM Salmonella Test and Evaluation of the PBMS Test

Lim, J.Y.,Kwon, N.H.,Kim, J.M.,Jung, W.K.,Park, K.T.,Hong, S.K.,Park, Y.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.12

The PBM ${BioSign}^{TM}$ Salmonella (PBMS) test kit based on an mmunochromatographic method was evaluated for the screening of Salmonella spp. in pure cultures, and 80, 15, and 10 artificially and naturally contaminated, and negative controlled food samples, respectively. The PBMS test involves presumptive qualitative procedures, detecting the presence of Salmonella spp. in foods within 26 h total testing period and allowing the user to release negative products 70 h earlier than the conventional methods. The PBMS test using Buffered Peptone Water and Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth was evaluated for 10 different food types for various Salmonella spp. It showed detection limits of 1 to 25 colony forming units (CFU)/25 g. No cross-reaction was observed, particularly to other gramnegative bacteria. These results indicate the PBMS test is a rapid and inexpensive procedure for the screening of Salmonella spp. present at low concentrations (1 to 25 CFU/25 g) in foods.

How much solar panel waste would be generated in South Korea?: application of population balance model (PBM)

( Suhee Lee ),( Yong-chul Jang ),( Byeonghwan Kim ),( Youngsun Kwon ),( Hakyun Song ),( Kyunghoon Choi ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2022 ISSE 초록집 Vol.2022 No.-

As the demand of renewable energy keeps growing, the installation of solar panels has been increased in the world. Once life-span of solar panels is reached, end-of-life of solar panels or solar panel waste can be generated for waste management. Environmentally sound management of solar panel waste has become an issue of concern around the world because they contain valuable materials as well as toxic pollutants upon disposal. This study examines the estimation of solar panel waste by using population balance model by 2050 in South Korea. The lifespan distribution analysis of solar panels was based on the literature with the Weibull distribution. Based on the results in this study, we found that solar panel waste in 2040 is estimated to be approximately 76,000 ton in South Korea, consisting of 57,000 ton of glass, 7,600 ton of polymers, 6,000 ton of aluminium, 3,800 ton of silicon, and other metals (silver, tin, and lead) for disposal. By 2050, approximately 1.7 million ton of solar panel waste would be accumulatively generated with continued annual increase. Material recycling and recovery from the waste should be implemented for resource conservation towards a circular economy. Refined estimation of the solar panel waste is still needed by conducting sensitive analysis with more reliable data such as its life spans, demands for solar panels, and mass of panel types.

보험지불자의 약제보험관리 시스템의 국가간 비교 : 우리나라와 미국

최윤영,신현택 한국보건사회약료경영학회 2011 한국보건사회약료경영학회지 Vol.3 No.1

The purposes of this study was to review the pharmacy benefit management and quality control of health insurance body in Korea and United States. In Korea, 3 government organizations (Ministry of Health and Welfare, National Health Insurance Corporation, Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service) participate in the pharmacy benefit management including ‘formulary management’, ‘drug price control’, and ‘drug utilization management’. So far the trial for the quality control of the management has been focused on administrative affairs rather than core functional value. Quality control tools include public management evaluation and audit for government agents. On the other hand, In United States, companies called PBM (Pharmacy Benefit Management) take a major roles regarding to management of all reimbursed drugs. Since there are many kinds of PBMs in US, organizations which controls the quality were established. All functions managed by PBM has been checked regularly in terms of quality improvement. Those programs include the Pharmacy Benefit Management Accreditation Standards, Version 1.0 published by URAC, and 2010 NCQA Health Plan Accreditation Requirements published by NCQA. It is highly required to develop quality assessment tool for improving pharmacy benefit management in Korea. Quality control based on the assessment will ensure patients a pharmaceutical care.

오존농도 시뮬레이션과 배출량 변화에 따른 민감도 분석

한진석,김병곤,김신도,Han, Jin-Seok,Kim, Byung-Gon,Kim, Shin-Do 한국환경영향평가학회 1996 환경영향평가 Vol.5 No.1

The variations of ozone concentration and the sensitivity test for VOC emission intensities was investigated by means of a PBM(Photochemical Box Model). Compared to monitoring data, the typical variations of $NO_2$, CO, $O_3$ for days were successfully reproduced. Model results revealed that maximum ozone concentration got increased with the increase of VOC emission, that is, VOC played the important role in producing the photochemical smog.