감성정보로서 비언어 커뮤니케이션이 갖는 의의에 관한 연구

서창원 한국기초조형학회 2009 기초조형학연구 Vol.10 No.6

This research includes the relevancy and the application possibilities of nonverbal communication for information design and processing in the field of product design. And it also clarifies the structure and the system of nonverbal communication as a medium of emotional information design by new ideas and point of views which is very different from the present stereo typed design approaching methods. With the outcomes of works written above, this research aims at presenting the foundation of nonverbal interactions. The research method is; firstly, confirming the application possibilities of nonverbal communication in product design field applying the study results of nonverbal communication. And secondly, clarifying the form and the structure of nonverbal communication by interpreting the outcomes by the point of design field view. Form the study of nonverbal communication, the provisional result came out as shown below. The nonverbal communication has different characteristics from verbal communication in terms of information communication. Also, the nonverbal communication has a structure and a system that accepts and remakes the emotional information with metaphorical information communication. And this is also found that the nonverbal communication can support generating emotional communication, and is possible to make it magnified/simplified. This outcome clarified that even those errors or gaps caused by nonverbal communication can help the communication be smoother. This attribute made it clear that the nonverbal communication has a high possibility of applicability in the design field. 본 연구는 제품디자인 영역에 있어 정보전달 및 가공에 비언어 커뮤니케이션이 가지고 있는 관련성 및 응용가능성에 대한 부분이다. 기존의 디자인 접근 방법에 대한 다른 발상과 관점으로 감성정보 전달의 매체로서의 비언어 커뮤니케이션에 대한 구조 및 체계를 밝힌다. 이를 토대로 비언어 인터랙션의 기초를 마련하는데 이 연구의 목표가 있다. 연구방법으로는 비언어 커뮤니케이션에 대한 실험을 토대로 이를 검토하여 비언어 커뮤니케이션이 제품디자인 영역에서의 그 응용가능성을 확인한다. 이를 디자인영역의 관점에서 해석하여 비언어 커뮤니케이션의 형식과 그 구조를 밝힌다. 비언어 커뮤니케이션의 실험에 의해서 다음과 같은 잠정적인 결론을 얻게 되었다. 비언어 커뮤니케이션은 정보전달에 있어 언어커뮤니케이션과는 다른 감성적 특성을 가진다. 또한 비언어 커뮤니케이션은 메타포적인 정보전달과 함께 감성정보의 수용 및 재가공하는 구조 및 체계를 가지고 있었다. 아울러 비언어 커뮤니케이션은 감성정보의 생성을 도와주며 감성정보의 확대, 축소, 과장이 가능했다. 이러한 속성들은 비언어 커뮤니케이션이 디자인 영역에서도 그 활용가능성이 높다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

영화를 활용한 비언어적 의사소통의 이해 교육 방안 연구 -이창동의 영화 『시』를 중심으로-

이은홍 ( Eun Hong Lee ) 한국화법학회 2015 화법연구 Vol.0 No.29

The purpose of this study is to design an educational method that improves students’ interpretative ability in nonverbal communication. For this purpose, the existing problems of nonverbal communication education were analyzed. As nonverbal expression is regarded as a sign that represents customary meaning, the people who use nonverbal expressions are not considered. Also, nonverbal communication education is limited to the lower sequence. There are three approaches to nonverbal communication education. First, the structural approach is to classify nonverbal expressions by type. Second, the functional approach is to evaluate the suitability of nonverbal expressions. Third, the constructional approach is to construct the meaning of nonverbal expressions in the context of the communication. In accordance with these approaches, decoding, evaluation, and interpretation are explained. Decoding is the conversion of nonverbal expressions into linguistic meanings that are customary and fixed. Evaluation is the assessment of whether the nonverbal expressions selected to achieve the intended meanings are appropriate or not. Interpretation is the interpreter’s active construction of the significance of the nonverbal communication. In addition, three principles are set up to teach how students interpret nonverbal expressions: the principle of singularity, principle of complexity, and principle of creativity. Using these elements, students have experiences of constructing creative and critical meanings of nonverbal communication that cannot be easily fixed, and creating a new meanings of nonverbal communication.

판매원의 진정성이 고객 마음의 빗장을 열수 있는가?: 판매상황에서 판매원의 진정성과 고객의 심리적 저항감의 관계

김상희 ( Kim Sang Hee ) 한국소비자학회 2016 소비자학연구 Vol.27 No.5

본 연구는 판매상황에서 고객의 심리적 저항감을 감소시킬 수 요소로 판매원의 진정성을 제시하고자 하며 판매원의 진정성을 높일 수 있는 요소로 언어적, 비언어적 커뮤니케이션을 제시하고자 한다. 판매상황에서 고객이 판매원의 설득을 저항감 없이 수용하도록 만드는 것은 기업측면에서 매우 중요하다. 이는 고객관점에서 판매원이 그들과 기업의 이익을 위해 설득하고 있다는 느낌을 주지 않으면서 자연스럽게 고객으로 하여금 판매원의 설득을 받아들이고 긍정적 반응으로 나아가도록 하기 때문이다. 본 연구는 판매상황에서 판매원의 커뮤니케이션이 판매원에 대한 고객의 지각된 진정성을 높이고 이러한 진정성이 고객의 심리적 저항감을 감소시켜 판매원의 설득을 수용할 가능성을 높인다는 것을 제시하고자 한다. 연구결과 첫째, 판매원의 언어적 커뮤니케이션은 고객의 지각된 진정성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 판매원의 비언어적 커뮤니케이션 중에서 신체언어, 공간적 행위, 의사언어는 진정성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고 신체적 외형은 고객의 지각된 진정성에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 고객이 판매원의 진정성을 신체적 포즈, 적절한 공간, 목소리 톤, 발음 등을 통해 평가하지만 판매원의 외모, 옷차림과 같은 겉모습을 통해 평가하지 않는다는 것을 의미한다. 둘째, 고객의 지각된 진정성이 고객의 심리적 저항감을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 판매상황에서 판매원에 대한 고객의 지각된 진정성은 판매원의 설득에 대한 심리적 저항감을 감소시킨다는 것을 의미한다. 셋째, 심리적 저항감은 수용의도에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 심리적 저항감이 높아지면 수용의도가 감소하고 반대로 심리적 저항감이 감소하면 수용의도가 증가한다는 것을 제시하고 있다. 이는 판매상황에서 고객의 수용의도를 높이기 위해서는 심리적 저항감을 감소시키는 것이 필요함을 의미한다. 넷째, 판매상황에서 고객의 지각된 진정성은 언어 고/비언어 고, 언어 저/비언어 고 집단이 높은 것으로 나타났고, 언어 고/비언어 저, 언어 저/비언어 저 집단은 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 고객의 지각된 진정성은 언어적, 비어언적 커뮤니케이션에 대한 고객평가가 모두 높을 경우 가장 높지만 비록 언어적 커뮤니케이션에 대한 고객평가가 낮다 하더라도 비언어적 커뮤니케이션에 대한 평가가 높을 경우 지각된 진정성이 높아지는 것으로 나타나 비언어적 커뮤니케이션의 중요성을 제시하고 있다. 이러한 연구결과는 판매상황에서 상업적 설득이라는 고객의 부정적 인식을 감소시키고 고객마음의 빗장을 열기 위한 전략적 시사점을 제시하고 있다. 즉 의심 많은 고객의 닫혀있는 마음의 문을 열기 위해서는 진심이 필요하며, 이러한 진심이 겉으로 배어나와 고객을 감동시키고 궁극적으로 고객을 변화시킬 수 있는 중요한 요소임을 본 연구는 제시하고 있다. This study aimed to show that a salesperson`s authenticity in a selling situation was a factor that could reduce customers` psychological reactance and consider verbal and nonverbal communication as a factor that could improve salespersons` authenticity. From a corporate viewpoint, it is very important to make customers adopt a salesperson`s persuasion without reactance in a selling situation. This is because customers don`t feel that the salesperson tries to persuade them for the benefit of the company and himself/herself but can naturally adopt the salesperson`s persuasion and make positive reaction. This study aimed to show that a salesperson`s communication in a selling situation could enhance customers` perceived authenticity of the salesperson and that the authenticity could reduce customers` psychological reactance and make them adopt the salesperson`s persuasion. This study pursues four main research objectives. First, it aimed to discuss how salesperson`s verbal and nonverbal communication affected customers` perceived authenticity. Second, it aimed to determine how customers` perceived authenticity affected customers` psychological reactance. While many companies of today try to persuade customers to make purchases, such a persuasion- based strategy can increase customers` psychological reactance. Even if a company has a positive intention, customers can consider it profit-making corporate behavior, causing customers` psychological reactance. In this situation, it is most of all important to discover the factors that can reduce psychological reactance. This study intended to present authenticity as one of the factors and discuss the fact that customers` perceived authenticity of a salesperson might be a factor that could reduce psychological reactance to persuasion. Third, it intended to determine the effects of psychological reactance on customers` adoption intention. In other words, it tried to determine if reducing psychological reactance through customers` perception of a salesperson`s authenticity in a selling situation could enhance customers` intention to adopt the salesperson`s persuasion. On this basis, it intended to discuss a strategic plan for enhancing the adoption intention of customers in a selling situation. Four, it aimed to determine the effects of a salesperson`s verbal and nonverbal communication on customers` perceived authenticity. To do this, subjects were grouped on the basis of a combination of high/low verbal communication and high/low nonverbal communication to determine a group with a higher level of authenticity and develop a plan for enhancing customers` perceived authenticity. This study obtained the following results: First, salesperson`s verbal and non-verbal communication was found to affect customers` perceived authenticity. This result implies that salespersons` communication is important factor which can enhance customers` positive responses Second, customers` perceived authenticity reduced their psychological reactance. This result implies that customers` perceived authenticity of a salesperson in a selling situation may reduce psychological reactance to the salesperson`s persuasion. Third, psychological reactance negatively affected adoption intention: the more psychological reactance, the less adoption intention; the less psychological reactance, the more adoption intention. This result suggests the need to reduce psychological reactance with the objective of enhancing customers` adoption intention in a selling situation. Four, customers` perceived authenticity in a selling situation was higher in high-verbal/high-nonverbal and low-verbal/high-nonverbal groups and was similar between high-verbal/low-nonverbal and low-verbal/low-nonverbal groups. This result demonstrates that customers` perceived authenticity is at the highest level when they have a high opinion of both verbal and nonverbal communication but suggests the importance of nonverbal communication since customers` high opinion of nonverbal communication was found to enhance perceived authenticity although they had a low opinion of verbal communication. These results give strategic implications to reduce customers` negative perception of profit- making persuasion in a selling situation and open their mind. That is, this study suggests the need for authenticity to open the closed mind of skeptical customers and indicates that authenticity is an important factor that can give customers good impression and ultimately make them changed.

The Effects of a Personal Trainer`s Usage of Nonverbal Communication on Exercise Satisfaction and Continued Participation

( Soo Hyun Kim ),( Jong Sung Kim ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Purpose: The spreading trend of well-being and wellness combined with the heightened interest in physical health of the modern people is giving birth to an expanded market for fitness centers. In particular, fitness centers are experiencing increased profits from offering ``personalized fitness programs`` such as weight-loss and fitness to their customers. Therefore, effective human resource management of personal trainers is key in enhancing the performance management for fitness centers. Nonverbal communication is a hot topic of research in the field of organizational behavior these days. Various research reflects that nonverbal communication of an organization`s members has a positive effect on customer satisfaction and willingness to repurchase. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of a personal trainer`s nonverbal communication on exercise satisfaction and continued participation, and thereby acquire academic knowledge on a personal trainer`s usage of nonverbal communication and provide the basic information with regards to human resource management in fitness centers. Method: The sample population of this study consists of customers of fitness centers based in Seoul, and the convenience sampling method was utilized in surveying 337 customers. The survey questionnaire were comprised of sub factors including kinesics, paralanguage, and physical appearance, and survey questions from preceding researches were modified and adapted for questions concerning exercise satisfaction and continued participation. Frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, verification of credibility, regression analysis and multiple regression analysis of the collected data was conducted through PASW Statistics 18. Result: First, the usage of nonverbal communication has a positive impact on exercise satisfaction. More specifically, kinesics, physical appearance, and paralanguage all had a positive effect on exercise satisfaction and the gravity of relative influence appeared in the aforementioned order. Second, nonverbal communication has a positive impact on continued participation. More specifically, kinesics, paralanguage, and physical appearance all had a positive effect on continued participation and the gravity of relative influence was largest in kinesics, second largest in physical appearance, and least in paralanguage. Third, exercise satisfaction has a positive affects continued participation. Conclusion: Discussion points and proposals based on the results of this study are as follows. First, the significance of this research lies in adding to related studies by identifying the effectiveness of the usage of nonverbal communication on the exercise satisfaction and continued participation of fitness center customers. Accordingly, fitness centers should provide an institutional strategy that reinforces personal trainers` use of nonverbal communication. Second, noteworthy point of this research is that, as the leading variable in exercise satisfaction and continued participation, among the various sub factors kinesics appeared to have the largest impact. Consequently, the need for the management body of fitness centers to oversight effective human resource management in order to draw up practical measures through which personal trainers can enhance their kinesics skills is highlighted. Third, the number of female personal trainers in female only fitness centers is increasing. Hence, there is room for future studies to focus on research pertaining to female personal trainers and thereby provide multifarious basic information that can contribute to fitness centers.

실내,외 자유선택활동에서의 유아의 비언어적 의사소통 양상과 또래유능성과의 관계

유나영 ( Na Young Lew ),이승연 ( Seung Yeon Lee ) 미래유아교육학회 2012 미래유아교육학회지 Vol.19 No.2

The purposes of this study were (1) to examine the general patterns of young children`s nonverbal communication during free choice activity times and to investigate the differences according to variables (gender, age, place), and (2) to explore the relationships between young children`s nonverbal communication and their peer competence. The subjects of this study were 86 children, attending 4-and 5-year-old classes at two kindergartens located in GyeongGi-Do. The research tools for this study were a revised version of the ``Observer Ratings of Nonverbal Involvement and Immediacy`` (Guerrero, 2005) and the ``Peer Competence S cale`` (Park & L ee, 2001). T he r esults o f this s tudy w ere as follows. First, the mean scores (total, subcategories) of young children`s nonverbal communication were higher than average; board individual differences were also found in their uses of nonverbal communication. Among the variables, gender showed no differences in young children`s nonverbal communication. According to age, significant differences were found only in the immediacy subcategory; young children in 5-year-old classes utilized more immediate nonverbal communication than young children in 4-year-old ones. According to place (indoor, outdoor), significant differences were observed in the overall nonverbal communication and all of its subcategories; the overall nonverbal communication and most of its subcategories were active and positive in outdoor play, while immediacy was active in indoor play. Second, there were very positive correlations between young children`s nonverbal communication and their peer competence, both in the overall and the subcategories.

영상콘텐츠에 나타난 한국인의 비언어커뮤니케이션 연구- 영화 ‘괴물’을 중심으로

정미강 동국대학교 영상문화콘텐츠연구원 2011 영상문화콘텐츠연구 Vol.0 No.-

Study on Korean Nonverbal Communication in Video Contents - Focusing on the Korean Movie 'The Host' - The purpose of this study is to analyze korean nonverbal communications in the korean movie 'The Host'. Generally, nonverbal communication is considered less importantly than verbal, and the papers on the subject of korean nonverbal behaviors in video contents such as movie, game, animation are insufficient. However, digital multimedia replacing print media composed of text, nonverbal communications receive attention. Accordingly, this study explored features of nonverbal communications in video contents, and discussed Ekman & Friesen's functional methodology and McNeill's semantic methodology. On the basis of the discussion, the criterion for analysis of nonverbal behaviors was set up, and the data from the movie 'The Host' were analyzed. As the result, total 173 behavior video clips are selected from the movie as korean nonverbal behaviors, and meanings and functions of each data are determined by context and speech. This paper shows the number, percentage, characteristics and examples of nonverbal communication data. These results can be used to understand the characteristics of korean nonverbal communication and effectively produce video contents. Also, the analysis model in this study will contribute to future studies of korean nonverbal communication. 본 논문은 영화 ‘괴물’을 통해 한국인의 비언어 커뮤니케이션을 분석하고 자 하는 목적을 가지고 있다. 일반적으로 표정이나 제스처와 같은 비언어적커뮤니케이션은 언어만큼 주목받지 못해 왔으며, 특히 한국인의 비언어 행위에 대한 연구는 영상콘텐츠 분야에서 미흡한 실정이다. 그러나 텍스트가 중시되던 인쇄매체에서 멀티미디어와 디지털매체로 문화적 주류가 변화하면서 영화, 게임, 애니메이션 등의 영상콘텐츠가 범람하고 있고, 이는 비언어 커뮤니케이션의 중요성을 부각시키고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 영상콘텐츠에서 나타나는 비언어 커뮤니케이션의 특성에 대해 살펴보고 여기에 적용가능한 관련연구로서 기능론적 접근방법과 의미론적 접근방법에 대해 논의하였다. 그리고이러한 논의를 바탕으로 하여 영상콘텐츠의 비언어 커뮤니케이션을 분석·분류하기 위한 기준을 마련한 후, 이에 따라 영화 ‘괴물’의 비언어 행위 데이터를추출하여 분석을 시도하였다. 분석결과, 총 173개의 데이터를 추출할 수 있었으며 각 데이터는 행위가 이루어진 상황, 대사, 동작표현, 의미, 기능유형, 세부기능유형의 틀로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 이러한 분석결과를 종합하여 각 세부유형의 데이터 개수와 비율, 그리고 각 유형별 행위에 대한 특징들과 예시를 제시하였다. 본 연구의 데이터들은 한국적 비언어 커뮤니케이션의 특징을이해하고 영상콘텐츠를 보다 효율적으로 연출하는 데 활용될 수 있을 것이며, 분석틀은 향후 한국적 비언어 커뮤니케이션 연구의 지속적인 연구를 위한 토대 모형으로 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

An Exploration of Human Communication Problems from the Partial Absence of Facial Expressions Caused by Wearing Protective Masks During COVID-19

이두원 한국커뮤니케이션학회 2022 커뮤니케이션학연구 Vol.30 No.4

In the global health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, wearing a mask to prevent infection has been suggested as an effective means of disinfection, and now it has become a daily routine for people around the world. Wearing a mask while talking obscures a lot of ‘facial expressions’ causing disconnection and noise in nonverbal communication. By wearing a protective mask, numerous information transmitted through facial expressions may be either lost or distorted. Along with verbal messages, nonverbal messages of facial expressions are also used as a redundant channel. On one hand, facial expressions as a redundant communication channel are used as a strategic communication means for appealing to sympathy or empathy, displaying emotional states, and finding some clues for a speaker’s sincerity. On the other hand, facial expressions paralinguistically emphasize, supplement, modify, or reverse a message in meaning. Wearing a protective mask makes the nonverbal communications through facial expressions extremely difficult. The purpose of this study is to explore human communication problems caused by wearing a protective mask during the COVID-19 pandemic. A group questionnaire was conducted with students taking human communication classes. The questionnaire was designed to explore nonverbal problems through facial expressions in the six domains of R. Jakobson’s communication model. The result of the study shows that the nonverbal communication of facial expressions is more problematic in the domains of the addresser, addressee, context, and message than in the domains of contact and code. This study identifies the nonverbal communication of facial expressions from the experience of the absence of those facial expressions being covered by a protective mask.

비언어적 커뮤니케이션을 활용한 효과적인 설교전달 : 얼굴표현(Facial Expression)과 아이 커뮤니케이션(Eye Communication)을 중심으로

박현신 한국복음주의실천신학회 2019 복음과 실천신학 Vol.50 No.-

설교 커뮤니케이션에서 차지하는 비언어적 요소의 중요성에 불구 하고, 설교학적 관점에서 비언어적 커뮤니케이션에 대한 연구는 매우 드문 경향이 나타나고 있다. 설교에서 비언어적 커뮤니케이 션에 대한 연구의 필요성을 넘어, 본 연구는 성경적 강해설교의 철 학 아래, 설교 언어적 메시지를 보완하고 강화시키는 차원에서 비 언어적 커뮤니케이션에 대한 연구를 지향하고자 한다. 본 논문의 중심 목적은 비언어적 요소를 활용한 효과적인 설교를 위해 비언 어적 커뮤니케이션의 핵심 개념과 설교신학적 근거를 간략히 제시 한 다음, 비언어적 전달 요소들 가운데 가장 강력한 효력을 지닌 얼굴표현과 눈 맞춤의 주요 특징들을 중점적으로 논의함으로 설교 자들이 실천적으로 활용할 수 있는 방안들을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본론의 첫 번째 부분은 비언어적 커뮤니케이션의 정의, 기능, 분류를 논의할 것이다. 두 번째 부분은 비언어적 커뮤니케이 션의 성경적 근거와 핵심 철학을 제시한 다음, 주요한 특징들을 네 가지 측면에서 제시하고자 한다. 세 번째 부분은 얼굴표현의 주요 특성과 효과에 관해 다섯 가지로 진술하고자 한다. 또한 비언어적 요소 가운데 청중들에게 가장 강력한 임팩트를 줄 수 있는 아이 커 뮤니케이션의 다섯 가지 주요 특징과 효력에 대하여 제시하고자 한다. 마지막으로 이러한 논의를 바탕으로 얼굴표현과 아이 커뮤 니케이션을 목회현장에서 활용하기 위한 실제적인 방안을 일곱 가 지로 제안하고자 한다. Despite of the significance of nonverbal communication in preaching, studies on nonverbal communication in light of preaching have been ignored. Beyond the necessity of academic researches on nonverbal communication in preaching, this study mainly focuses on facial expression and eye contact in nonverbal communication rooted in the philosophy of expository preaching. The central purpose of this research, thus, is to shortly clarify key concepts and homiletical foundations of nonverbal communication and is to discuss about main functions and vital characteristics of facial expression and eye communication so that a preacher practically utilizes these factors for more effective preaching. For this purpose, the main body of this study is, first of all, to briefly discuss definitions, functions, foundations, and premises of nonverbal communication. Second part of the main body is to present biblical grounds and core philosophies of nonverbal communication and its four traits. Thirdly, the present writer sets forth key characteristics and functions of facial expression and eye communication as the most effective factor in nonverbal communication. Lastly, aiming at pastoral praxis, this study is to propose seven suggestions to put facial expression and eye communication in preaching into practice.

TV 뉴스 여성 앵커의 비언어적 커뮤니케이션에 관한 연구 - 이미지 형성 요인을 중심으로 -

김미현 한국패션디자인학회 2017 한국패션디자인학회지 Vol.17 No.4

본 연구는 TV 뉴스 여성 앵커의 비언어적 커뮤니케이션 특성을 이미지 형성 요인으로 살펴보고자 한다. 첫째, TV 뉴스와 앵커 그리고 비언어적 커뮤니케이션에 관한 이론적 고찰을 통하여 연구의 방법론을 모색한다. 둘째, 이미지 형성 요인 관점에서 TV 뉴스 여성 앵커의 비언어적 커뮤니케이션 사례를 인지적, 정서적, 행위적으로 구분하여 특성을 살펴본다. 셋째, 비언어적 커뮤니케이션에 따른 시각적 이미지 특성을 고찰한다. 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 비언어적 커뮤니케이션의 유형은 연구자의 시각에 따라 다양하게구분되고 있으나, 본 연구에서는 기존의 선행연구를 바탕으로 패션디자인 영역의 관점에서 이를 인지적 커뮤니케이션, 정서적 커뮤니케이션, 행위적 커뮤니케이션으로 분류하였다. 둘째, 인지적 커뮤니케이션에서 의상과 장신구의 연출은 뉴스 내용과 유사 상황의 반복이면서 연속적이어서 시청자들에게 의사 전달을 효과적으로 하게 한다. 정서적 커뮤니케이션은 표정, 응시행위, 시선처리를 통한 표현 행위에 따라 조절되어 그 설득효과를 높이고 앵커의 전문적이고 능숙한 인상을 형성하여 신뢰감을 높일 수 있다. 행위적 커뮤니케이션은서있는 자세나 스튜디오 공간 이동을 통해 뉴스 전달 내용을 박력 있게 반복하여 사실감과 현장감을 높이는카리스마를 주어 메시지 수용에 영향을 미친다. 셋째, 정확한 내용의 전달과 신뢰도의 영향이 큰 TV 뉴스앵커의 비언어적 커뮤니케이션은 언어적 커뮤니케이션과 함께 작용하여 뉴스 내용을 보완하고 강조하는 역할을 하며 뉴스의 신뢰도와 중립성, 선호도, 전문성 등에 영향을 끼친다. 이에 따라 언어적 커뮤니케이션과비언어적 커뮤니케이션은 한 가지만 사용할 때보다 복합적으로 행해질 때 의사 전달하는데 있어 신뢰와 믿음을 가지는 하나의 총체적 커뮤니케이션이라 할 수 있다. This study sought to examine characteristics of nonverbal communication of TV news anchorwomen from the perspective of the image forming element. First, the study sought its methodology through theoretical examination on TV news, anchors and nonverbal communication. Second, examples of nonverbal communication by TV news anchorwomen were classified into cognitive, emotional and behavioral communication from the perspective of the image forming element. Third, the study examined the characteristics of visual images according to nonverbal communication. The study drew conclusions as below. First, while types of nonverbal communication were classified diversely depending on each researcher's point of view, this study classified it by cognitive communication, emotional communication and behavioral communication from the angle of a fashion design field based on precedent research. Second, display of clothes and accessories in cognitive communication, which expresses similar circumstances in a repetitive and continuous way, contributes to anchorwomen's effective news and opinion delivery to viewers. Emotional communication, done by expressing actions via facial expression, gaze and turning of eyes, can enhance the presenter's persuading effect as well as reliability of the news by forming professional and efficient impression of the presenter. Behavioral communication conveys content of the news in an impressive way via standing position or spatial movement at the studio, and so provides merits of heightening viewers' feeling of reality and vividness, affecting viewers' accommodation of the conveyed news. Third, nonverbal communication of TV news anchors for exact delivery of news contents and reliability, combined with verbal communication, plays a certain role in supplementing and highlighting news contents, and as a result it affects reliability, neutrality, preference and professionality of the news. Therefore, nonverbal communication and verbal communication, used in combination rather than alone, can be an overall communication method providing reliability and trustworthiness to viewers when conveying news and opinions.

A Study on the Effect of Nonverbal Communication of Airline’s Flight Crew on Customer Attitudes

Yun-Young Lee,Hye-Yoon Park 한국유통과학회 2018 유통과학연구 Vol.16 No.7

Purpose - This study focuses on the quality of nonverbal communication by the flight attendants at the airline, and the factors that contribute to improve customer behavior, thereby providing positive implications for corporate management. Research, design, data, and methodology - For the empirical analysis of this study, reliability analysis and frequency analysis were conducted. T-test and ANOVA analyses were performed. In addition, the effects of nonverbal communication have on customer behavior have regressed analysis. The collected data was empirical suing the SPSS Win 18.0. Results - Among the non-verbal communication qualities were found to significantly influence customer attitudes, and demographic differences in airline flight attendants were also shown to influence their perceptions. Empirical analysis revealed significant differences in demographic characteristics between gender, age and airlines used. Conclusions – All of the non-verbal communication’s attributes were found to significantly impact customer attitude. It is used to train the importance of nonverbal communication quality for the role of cabin crew members and to enhance the loyalty of the customers to Airline. This study identifies the relationship between the impact of non-verbal communication quality on customer attitudes and implies the importance of non-verbal communication quality for airline flight attendants. Also, this study suggests that there is a close mechanism between the nonverbal communication and the customer attitudes to airlines.