Natural products used as a chemical library for protein–protein interaction targeted drug discovery

Jin, Xuemei,Lee, Kyungro,Kim, Nam Hee,Kim, Hyun Sil,Yook, Jong In,Choi, Jiwon,No, Kyoung Tai Elsevier 2018 Journal of molecular graphics & modelling Vol.79 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Protein–protein interactions (PPIs), which are essential for cellular processes, have been recognized as attractive therapeutic targets. Therefore, the construction of a PPI-focused chemical library is an inevitable necessity for future drug discovery. Natural products have been used as traditional medicines to treat human diseases for millennia; in addition, their molecular scaffolds have been used in diverse approved drugs and drug candidates. The recent discovery of the ability of natural products to inhibit PPIs led us to use natural products as a chemical library for PPI-targeted drug discovery. In this study, we collected natural products (NPDB) from non-commercial and in-house databases to analyze their similarities to small-molecule PPI inhibitors (iPPIs) and FDA-approved drugs by using eight molecular descriptors. Then, we evaluated the distribution of NPDB and iPPIs in the chemical space, represented by the molecular fingerprint and molecular scaffolds, to identify the promising scaffolds, which could interfere with PPIs. To investigate the ability of natural products to inhibit PPI targets, molecular docking was used. Then, we predicted a set of high-potency natural products by using the iPPI-likeness score based on a docking score-weighted model. These selected natural products showed high binding affinities to the PPI target, namely XIAP, which were validated in an <I>in vitro</I> experiment. In addition, the natural products with novel scaffolds might provide a promising starting point for further medicinal chemistry developments. Overall, our study shows the potency of natural products in targeting PPIs, which might help in the design of a PPI-focused chemical library for future drug discovery.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> This paper provides <I>in silico</I> drug discovery strategy to identify natural products capable to inhibit the protein–protein interactions. </LI> <LI> The predicted PPI inhibitor-like natural products were validated in an in vitro experiment. </LI> <LI> The XIAP inhibitor LENP0044 could be used as a potent template for further chemical optimization. </LI> <LI> Natural products can be used as potent candidates in the design of a PPI-focused chemical library for drug discovery. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Empirical Characterization of Natural Hand Motion in Pointing Tasks at Large Displays

Heejin Kim,Seungjae Oh,Min K. Chung,Sung H. Han 대한인간공학회 2014 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5

Recently, large displays have become more prevalent, but the usability of 3D interaction with large displays still needs more attention. One way to improve the usability of 3D interaction is to investigate natural human behavior during 3D interactions and then to reflect that behavior in 3D interface design. 3D interaction with large displays is natural and intuitive, similar to how we work in the real world. Reflecting natural human behavior in 3D interfaces might improve the usability of interacting with large displays. It is interesting to note that there has been no attempt to investigate natural human behavior for the purpose of reflecting it in 3D interface design. The objective of this study was to characterize the natural hand motions when interacting with a large display, especially for pointing tasks, which are fundamental and frequent tasks in human–computer interaction. We conducted an experiment to capture the characteristics of users’ natural hand motions in pointing tasks. Twenty-eight participants (mean age: 25.04 years, 15 males and 13 females) were employed in this experiment. The participants performed pointing tasks for two target amplitudes (32 cm and 53 cm) and eight directions (equally spaced around the circumference of circles with radii of two levels of target amplitude) while standing 2.5 m from the display. The results revealed that their hand motions showed specific patterns according to the relative target position from the users.

자연과 상호작용하는 미술작품의 의의 연구 - 스테인드글라스부터 동시대 미디어아트까지

하임성 한국기초조형학회 2024 기초조형학연구 Vol.25 No.1

Recently, global concerns over environmental pollution stemming from urbanization and industrialization have emerged as a major topic of discussion. Correspondingly, creation of artworks centered on the “environment and nature” themes and materials within the realm of modern art has increased. This study selectively examined and analyzed artworks that directly interact with nature, classified them, and extracted their underlying meaning. It selected research subjects from various materials and literature and conducted comparative analysis with other artistic genres and discourses. The findings revealed four categories of artworks interacting with nature that undergo instantaneous surface changes while reflecting elements of nature, gradually transition to a static state due to natural processes, integrate various machines and digital devices, and change their appearance dynamically. These works were crafted from natural materials that ultimately dissolve back into nature. Regarding their significance, these works precede the interaction between “nature” and “the work and the audience,” forging visible shapes and striving to unify nature, the work, and the audience. Thus, they foster a uniquely human connection with the existing art form, extending their impact beyond mere objects to play an expanded role in the broader world. Further, by re-examining nature as a material, these artworks underscore the coexistence and organic relationship between artificiality and nature, prompting reflections on past indiscriminate urbanization and development practices. Moreover, artworks interacting with nature encapsulate the societal aspects and paradigms of their respective time periods. This study further enriched the understanding of “interaction with nature,” which was implemented in some existing ecological art, and it proposed an expanded research framework that can encompass everything from medieval stained glass to modern media art. This study also contributed by broadening the perspectives within modern interaction art and contemporary art research.

Natural Frequency Analysis of Sliders and Head/Disk Interaction Detection by Acoustic Emission

Hwang, Pyung,Pan, Galina,Khan, Polina Korean Tribology Society 2004 KSTLE International Journal Vol.5 No.1

The object of the present work is the natural frequency analysis of subambient pressure tri-pad and pico sliders. Head/disk interaction during start/stop and constant speed were detected by using the acoustic emission (AE) test system. The frequency spectrum analysis is performed using the AE signal obtained during the head/disk interaction. The FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) analysis of the AE signals is used to understand the interaction between the AE signal and the state of contact. Natural frequency analysis was performed using the Ansys program. The results indicate acceptable accordance of finite element calculation results with the experimental results.

Investigating Preferential Usability on Intelligent Agent-Driven Multimodal Interaction within the Extended Reality Environment

윤훈,임호정,김윤수,송영훈,이태하 한국디자인학회 2024 디자인학연구 Vol.37 No.4

Background With the expansive development of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven technology and its widespread application, an advancement of the extended reality (XR) technology is gradually increasing the needs for intellectually navigating the diversified, multi-layered information in the virtual or mixed- reality space. Methods By integrating the AI agent with the XR environments, this study explores the opportunity on how the intelligent agent-driven interface under the XR condition could interplay with participants and influence their perceptibility over the AI agent’s curated information via head mounted display (HMD). In shaping the characteristics of the AI agents that exists in the XR environments, two major types are dealt with in the research: An AI agent that “independently” exists in the virtual home space (ITA), and an AI agent “dependent” to a panel-type interface (DTA). Based upon these two agent types, multimodal interaction methods are primarily designed and prototyped in the processes of verbally and non-verbally communicating with them. Participants’ heuristic and preferential responses collected from the simulations are analyzed to figure out the suitable usability on multimodal interactions. Results This study revealed participants’ preference for the AI agent perceived as physically existing in an XR environment, emphasizing practicality and playfulness in interactive experiences. Moreover, participants express a desire to alternatively utilize two AI agent types, highlighting the convenience of ITA’s ubiquitous activation and DTA’s responsiveness to content navigation. Conclusions We suggest a blueprint for AI agent interaction in the XR environments and validate it through a UX experiment. Ultimately, this study aims to seek out an opportunity of optimizing the interaction methods towards the AI agent in an XR environment in a user-friendly way.

국립민속어린이박물관 공간경험의 자연체험적 특성 연구

백정은 ( Jungeun Baek ),윤재은 ( Jaeeun Yoon ) 한국공간디자인학회 2016 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.11 No.4

(Background and Purpose) There is no doubt that nature is the best playground and educational space in which to offer children opportunities to learn the value of life and to improve their sensitivity. However, because of the rapid process of industrialization, children who live in urban areas far from nature lose these opportunities. This problem must be solved, and as the importance of nature-friendly education and ecological education in children``s spaces (such as forest kindergartens) increases, children``s museums are growing more willing to apply experiential natural elements in their spaces that are welcoming to children. (Method) Of other children``s national folk museum in Korea, after this children``s national folk museum of Korea that was holding a nature-friendly exhibition was selected. First, the study examined folk concepts addressed by the Children``s National Folk Museum of Korea, concepts concerning nature experiences, and the various nature experiential elements required for various stages of children``s development. Second, the study focused on changes in spatial concepts and discussed the introduction of experiential theory and the relationship between the theory and process of children``s spatial recognition. Through case research on the structural and expressive characteristics of the nature experiences in the Children``s Museum, which concentrate on the relationship between children and their spatial experience, this study determined the characteristics of the natural and spatial experiences observed in the exhibit areas of the Children``s Museum. (Results) Based on changes in spatial concepts, the set-up of an exhibition area based on the interaction of children with their space was considered a concept for a new spatial experience targeting children. The study confirmed that such a set-up can be regarded both as a basis for and a necessary characteristic of children``s cognitive development and development of social relationships. (Conclusions) The characteristics of the spatial experience observed in the children``s museum shows that children``s museums can offer mental and sensory experiences that go beyond simple physical experience. In addition, the study noted that children``s museums can offer children an even richer sensory experience through inclusion of experiential elements like those that would be experienced in nature. Based on these findings, the study suggests that children``s museums design exhibit environments by applying theoretical spatial experience characteristics to their understanding of nature experiences, and that sociocultural factors be carefully examined in order to nurture children``s indefinite potential with positive and novel spatial experiences. The study concludes that a children``s museum set-up that applies spatial experience concepts will offer children a chance to enjoy qualitatively superior physical and sensory experiences. The study expects that an exhibition space set up in such a way can play a significant role in development of children``s potential and creativity.

17세기 말 心性論에 있어서 儒佛 교섭의 가능성

이종수(Lee Jong-su) 보조사상연구원 2009 보조사상 Vol.32 No.-

18세기 西人을 중심으로 전개된 人物性同異論爭은 성리학을 한층 심화시킨 철학논쟁이었다고 평가받는다. 그런데 17세기 말에 이미 太極論辨이 있었다. 태극론은 朱子가 理一分殊에서 統體一太極과 各具一太極의 개념을 도출해 낸 것으로서 性의 본체론에 해당한다. 그러므로 태극논변은 인물성동이논쟁을 예비하는 것이었다고 할 수 있다. 태극논변의 주역은 박세채와 권상유, 그리고 조성기와 김창흡이었다. 권상유는 인물성이론의 대표적 학자였던 권상하의 동생으로서 그의 태극론은 인물성이론의 바탕이 되었다고 할 수 있고, 김창흡은 김창협의 동생으로서 인물성동론을 이끌었던 인물이므로 그의 태극론은 인물성동론의 근저가 되었다고 할 수 있다. 한편, 17세기 말에 佛家에서는 心性論爭이 있었다. 그 내용이 雲峰大智에 의해 간행된 『心性論』에 남아 있는데, 논쟁의 주된 쟁점은 一性說과 多性說이었다. 일성설은 ‘중생의 法身이 전체적으로 하나이다(人人法身摠爲一者)’라는 주장이고, 다성설은 ‘중생 저마다 완전한 법신을 가지고 있다(人人法身各各圓滿)’고 하는 주장이다. 佛家의 두 논쟁은 儒家의 태극논변과 매우 흡사한 논리를 가지고 있다. 가령 유가의 各具太極은 불가의 人人法身各各圓滿과 상응하고, 統體太極은 人人法身摠爲一者와 대응하고 있다. 各具太極과 各各圓滿은 人物의 개별성을 강조한 것이고, 統體太極과 摠爲一者는 人物의 전체성을 강조한 것이라고 볼 수 있다. 이처럼 유불간의 논리가 유사함에 따라 양자 사이에 어떤 사상적 교섭이 있었던 것은 아닐까라는 물음에 답하기 위해 본 논문은 작성되었다. 불교는 기본적으로 모든 중생에게 불성이 있다는 것을 전제하고 있다. 그러므로 佛家의 심성론은 洛學의 인물성동론과 일치한다고 할 수 있다. 이렇게 보면 김창흡의 태극론과 불교의 심성론이 더 가깝다고 볼 수 있다. 김창흡은 불교에도 매우 조예가 깊었고 평생 승려들과 交遊하였던 인물이다. 당시 유학자들이 사찰에서 독서하면서 승려들과 교유하는 것은 다반사였지만, 특히 洛學의 성리학자들에게서 두드러지게 보인다. 이러한 점에서 볼 때 17세기 말 儒家와 佛家의 本性論은 儒佛交涉의 산물일 가능성이 매우 높다고 할 수 있다. During the 18th century, an academic argument arose concerning human nature and animal nature (人物性同異論爭) among members of the Seo-in (西人) Faction. This argument has been judged to be the reason for development of Neo-Confucianism. But in the late 17th century, there was another argument about taekeuk (太極 the source of the dual principle of yin and yang). Chu Shi had derived ideas of 'the whole embodies a single taekeuk (統體太極)' and 'each things contain their own taekeuk (各具太極)' from the theory of the one principle and its diversity. The theory of taekeuk consists of the ideas, and it is the ontology of the mind. Therefore it is possible to regard the argument about taekeuk as the beginning of the argument about human nature and animal nature which was led by Park Se-chae, Kwon Sang-yu, Jo Seong-gi, and Kim Chang-heup. Kwon Sang-yu is a younger brother of Kwon Sang-ha, a leading authority of the theory of different natures of human and animal. Thus his theory of taekeuk was likely to be the foundation of the theory of different natures of human and animal. On the other hand, Kim Chang-heup is a younger brother of Kim Chang-hyeop, a leading authority of the theory of identical natures of human and animal. So it is possible to see his theory of taekeuk as the foundation of the theory of identical natures of human and animal. In the late 17th century, there was an argument concerning the nature of the mind (心性) within the Buddhist community. A Buddhist monk named Woonbong Daeji published a book titled “shimseongnon (心性論 a thesis on the nature of the mind)”. This book tells us that the argument was mainly about the theory of a monistic nature of the mind (一性論) and the theory of a pluralistic nature of the mind (多性論). The former theory asserts that all beings possess dharma-kāya (法身 the body of dharma), but that it only achieves completion and perfection when all minds are united(人人法身摠爲一者). The latter theory asserts that all beings possess an autonomous mind and all beings are complete and contain perfect dharma-kāya (人人法身各各圓滿). This argument is logically similar with the argument about human nature and animal nature. The Confucian idea of 'each thing contains its own taekeuk' matches the theory of a pluralistic nature of the mind, while the idea of 'the whole embodies a single taekeuk' matches the theory of a monistic nature of the mind in logic. The former match emphasizes the haecceity of all beings, and the latter match emphasizes the holistic feature of all beings. When one consider this logical similarity, it is possible to draw a possibility of ideological interaction between Confucianism and Buddhism. Buddhism is based on the idea that all beings posses their own nature of Buddha. Thus the Buddhist theory of the nature of the mind matches the theory of identical natures of human and animal of the Nak school (洛學) and is similar to Kim Chang-heup's theory of taekeuk. He had a profound knowledge of Buddhism and associated with Buddhists throughout his life. It was very common that a Confucian studying at Buddhist temple and associating with Buddhists at the time, especially Confucians from the Nak school. From the information gathered above, the theories of the original nature in Buddhism and Confucianism are likely to be derived from the ideological interaction between Confucianism and Buddhism.

거주지역 생태탐사 프로그램에서 보이는 학습자와 자연 간의 상호작용 양상의 탐색

정해림(Hae Rim Jeong),임미연(Miyoun Lim) 한국환경교육학회 2017 環境 敎育 Vol.30 No.1

이 연구는 장소기반교육에 근거하여, “우리마을 생태 바로 알기” 프로그램에 참여한 학습자들이 자연과 어떠한 상호작용을 하는가를 탐색해 봄으로써, 학습자들이 도시 속 자연을 어떻게 경험하며, 관계를 형성해 나가는가를 살펴보고자 하였다. 학습자들은 자연과 직접 접촉하고, 자연의 입장을 취해보고, 자연을 나의 일상과 연결하는 다양한 상호작용의 양상을 보였다: 1) 도시 속 자연과 직접 접촉하며, 다양한 감각적 탐색과 풍부한 감정적 경험을 통해 자연에 대한 이해와 관심을 발전시켜 나갔고, 2) 자연의 입장에서 감정을 느껴보고 상황을 이해하는 인지적, 정의적 관여를 통해 자연과 공감하며, 자연을 자신과의 관계성 속에서 바라보고, 3) 자연을 자신의 생활세계와 연결 지으면서, 일상을 통해 자연과 상호작용하고, 자연을 다시 일상으로 확장하는 자기 환경화를 통해 자연과의 관계를 발전시켜 나가고 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 학습자와 자연 사이의 상호작용이 보이는 다차원적, 내러티브적, 공동체적 특징을 살펴보고, 동네라는 장소가 제공하는 교육적 함의를 고찰하였다. Drawing upon place based-education, this study explores in what ways students interact with nature, i.e.,how they experience nature and how they develop their relationship with nature, as they participate in a local ecosystem investigation program, called “getting to know my town’s ecology”. Engaging in diverse modes of interactions such as contacting with nature, nature’s perspective-taking, and connecting lifeworld with nature, students 1) developed their interests in nature as they contact nature through sensory and affective exploration, 2) perceived nature in connection with self as they empathize with nature cognitively and affectively, and 3) developed relationship with nature as they make sense of nature in connection with their lifeworld. Then based on the findings, we discuss multidimensional, collective, and narrative aspects of student-nature interaction and pedagogical implications for place- based education.

다수의 스마트 디바이스를 활용한 멀티 디스플레이 동적 생성 및 인터랙션

김민석,이재열 한국CDE학회 2015 한국CDE학회 논문집 Vol.20 No.4

This paper presents a dynamic association and natural interaction method for multi-displays composed of smart devices. Users can intuitively associate relations among smart devices by shake gestures, flexibly modify the layout of the display by tilt gestures, and naturally interact with the multi-display by multi-touch interactions. First of all, users shake their smart devices to create and bind a group for a multi-display with a matrix configuration in an ad-hoc and collaborative situation. After the creation of the group, if needed, their display layout can be flexibly changed by tilt gestures that move the tilted device to the nearest vacant cell in the matrix configuration. During the tilt gestures, the system automatically modifies the relation, view, and configuration of the multi-display. Finally, users can interact with the multi-display through multi-touch interactions just as they interact with a single large display. Furthermore, depending on the context or role, synchronous or asynchronous mode is available to them for providing a split view or another UI. We will show the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach by demonstrating implementation results and evaluating the method by the usability study.

그림책을 활용한 자연물 놀이 프로그램이 만 2세 영아의 문제행동과 또래상호작용에 미치는 영향

장인영,최경 한국어린이문학교육학회 2018 어린이문학교육연구 Vol.19 No.4

The purpose of this study was to research the effect of the natural object program using picture books on the problem behaviors and the peer Interaction of 2 year-old-toddlers. The natural object program using picture books was conducted with 28 (14 toddlers for the test group and 14 toddlers for the control group) 2 year-old-toddlers in a day care center located in Gyeonggi-do 2 times a week for 8 weeks. This study obtained the following results. First, the test group who participated in the natural object program using picture books showed a statically significant difference in aggressive behavior, rebellious behavior, emotional anxiety and inactivity among the sub elements of problem behaviors compared with the control group. Second, the test group who participated in the natural object program using picture books showed a statically significant difference in play time only among the sub elements of peer interaction compared with the control group. Therefore, the result of this study verified that the natural object program using picture books has a positive effect in decreasing the problem behaviors of two-year-old toddlers during their play time among peer interactions. 본 연구는 그림책을 활용한 자연물 놀이가 만 2세 영아의 문제행동과 또래상호작용에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 경기도에 위치한 어린이집 만 2세 영아 28명(실험집단 14명, 통제집단 14명)을 대상으로 그림책을 활용한 자연물 놀이 활동을 주 2회, 8주 동안 총 16회에 걸쳐 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 그림책을 활용한 자연물 놀이에 참가한 실험집단이 통제집단보다 영아 문제행동의 하위요인인 공격적 행동, 반항적 행동, 정서불안, 위축행동에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 그림책을 활용한 자연물 놀이에 참가한 실험집단은 또래상호작용의 하위요소 중, 놀이단절에서만 통제집단보다 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 그림책을 활용한 자연물 놀이가 만 2세 영아의 문제행동 감소와 또래상호작용 중에서는 놀이단절을 감소시키는 데에 긍정적인 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.