오염총량관리를 위한 남강댐유역 BOD 자료의 공간특성 분석

김상민,김성민,박태양,Kim, Sang-Min,Kim, Sung-Min,Park, Tae-Yang 한국농공학회 2010 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.52 No.3

The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial characteristics of Namgang-Dam watershed for a Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL). Three TMDL target sites, Gyeonghogang1, 2, Namgang-Dam2, are located within Namgang-Dam watershed. Under the current criterion for TMDLs, 3-year arithmetic mean BOD concentration of the target sites should not exceed the target concentration for 2 consecutive years. Two and three times of violation were observed for Gyenghogang2 and Namgang-Dam2 sites while no violation was found for Gyeonghogang1 site. However, no violation was found since 1999 for all three sites. Correlation between each 12 stations within the watershed were analyzed and cluster analysis was conducted to figure out the spatial characteristics of the watershed. Correlation coefficient between Gyonghogang1 and 2 was high (0.758) while the coefficients between lake station (Namgang-Dam2) and stream stations (Gyonghogang1 and 2) were very low. Dendrogram indicated that all of three Namgang-Dam stations were very close and Gyenghogang1, 2 stations were also close.

단기 홍수 지침 곡선을 이용한 남강대의 홍수조절에 관한 연구

Taeuk Kang,Sangjin Lee,Choi 위기관리 이론과 실천 2014 Crisisonomy Vol.10 No.12

남강댐의 상류유역은 산악지형이 대부분이기 때문에 하상경사가 매우 급하고, 홍수 시 유량이 급격히 증가한 다. 또한, 유역면적에 비해 홍수조절 용량이 매우 작고, 상․하류의 제약으로 인해 남강댐 운영자는 해마다 홍수 시 댐 운영에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 남강댐의 홍수 시 효과적인 댐 운영을 위해 단기 홍수 지침 곡선을 제시하는데 있다. 이를 위해 과거 남강댐에서 발생한 14개의 주요 홍수사상을 분석하였고, 수문학적 홍수 추적 모형인 COSFIM을 이용하여 과거 주요 홍수사상을 모의하였다. 단기 홍수 지침 곡선은 홍수 지침 곡선의 적용 시점과 홍수 진행에 따른 지침 수위와 운영 구간을 추정함으로써 결정되었다. 본 연구에서 제시한 홍수 지 침 곡선은 남강댐 홍수조절에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Upstream area of Namgang Dam is mountainous and has steep channel bed slopes, so the flood hydrograph from a storm rises rapidly. Namgang Dam operators have difficulties in flood control every year because the dam has small flood control capacity for catchment area and there are some restrictions on upstream and downstream of Namgang Dam to store or release water. The purpose of the study is to propose a flood guide curve in flood event of Namgang Dam for effective flood control. We analyzed major historical 14 flood events and simulated them by the COSFIM(Coordinate Operation System for Flood control In Multi-reservoir) that is hydrological flood routing model. The flood guide curve of Namgang Dam was determined by estimating application time of the flood guide curve and operation guide stages & ranges in process of flood time. The flood guide curve may be effectively used in flood control of Namgang Dam.

단기 홍수 지침 곡선을 이용한 남강댐의 홍수조절에 관한 연구

강태욱,이상진,최선호 위기관리 이론과 실천 2014 Crisisonomy Vol.10 No.12

남강댐의 상류유역은 산악지형이 대부분이기 때문에 하상경사가 매우 급하고, 홍수 시 유량이 급격히 증가한다. 또한, 유역면적에 비해 홍수조절 용량이 매우 작고, 상․하류의 제약으로 인해 남강댐 운영자는 해마다 홍수시 댐 운영에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 남강댐의 홍수 시 효과적인 댐 운영을 위해 단기 홍수 지침 곡선을 제시하는데 있다. 이를 위해 과거 남강댐에서 발생한 14개의 주요 홍수사상을 분석하였고, 수문학적 홍수 추적 모형인 COSFIM을 이용하여 과거 주요 홍수사상을 모의하였다. 단기 홍수 지침 곡선은 홍수 지침 곡선의 적용 시점과 홍수 진행에 따른 지침 수위와 운영 구간을 추정함으로써 결정되었다. 본 연구에서 제시한 홍수 지침 곡선은 남강댐 홍수조절에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Upstream area of Namgang Dam is mountainous and has steep channel bed slopes, so the flood hydrograph from a storm rises rapidly. Namgang Dam operators have difficulties in flood control every year because the dam has small flood control capacity for catchment area and there are some restrictions on upstream and downstream of Namgang Dam to store or release water. The purpose of the study is to propose a flood guide curve in flood event of Namgang Dam for effective flood control. We analyzed major historical 14 flood events and simulated them by the COSFIM(Coordinate Operation System for Flood control In Multi-reservoir) that is hydrological flood routing model. The flood guide curve of Namgang Dam was determined by estimating application time of the flood guide curve and operation guide stages & ranges in process of flood time. The flood guide curve may be effectively used in flood control of Namgang Dam.

남강댐 담수 방류시 진주만을 빠져나가는 입자들의 수로별 분배율 평가

노남윤,권민선,권혜련,김종구 해양환경안전학회 2023 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.29 No.6

남강댐 하류역에 위치한 사천만, 진주만, 강진만에서 가화천 방류에 따른 담수 배제의 분배 특성을 평가하기 위하여 입자추적 수치실험을 실험하였다. 가화천을 통해 3개의 방류조건(무방류, 강우시 방류, 홍수시 방류)에서 입자 1000개를 투여하여 노량수도, 대방수도, 창선해협으로 빠져나가는 입자의 수를 비교하였다. 가화천을 통한 방류량이 늘어날수록 노량수도로의 입자 분배율이 증가하고, 대방수도로의 분배율이 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 즉, 평소에는 가화천 하류에 위치한 물질의 약 95%가 대방수도를 통해 빠져나가다가, 강우에 의해 남강댐의 방류량이 증가하면서 노량수도로의 분배율이 증가하며, 홍수시에는 노량수도로의 입자 분배율이 45.5% 까지 증가하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. In this study, a numerical particle tracking experiment was conducted to assess the distribution characteristics of freshwater exclusion resulting from the discharge of Gahwa Stream into Sacheon, Jinju, and Gangjin bays, located downstream of the Namgang Dam. The number of particles discharged into Noryang Channel, Daebang Channel, and Changseon Strait was compared by releasing 1000 particles through Gahwa Stream under three discharge conditions: no discharge, discharge during rainfall, and discharge during flood. Evidently, the percentage of particles in the Noryang Channel increased, whereas that in the Daebang Channel decreased as the discharge from the Gahwa Stream increased. Approximately 95% of the material located downstream of the Gahwa Stream generally escaped through the Daebang Channel. However, as the discharge from the Namgang Dam increased due to rainfall, the percentage of particles in the Noryang Channel increased, reaching 45.5% during floods.

일제하 진주지역의 수해와 남강치수사업

김희주 부경역사연구소 2020 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.47

This work analyzes the process and property of the Namgang Improvement Project, which was a countermeasure against flooding in Jinju under Japanese imperialism. The cause of the flood was overflow of Namgang. The outline of this project is to protect the city by cutting the source of the flood and releasing river water. It was effective in the hydroelectric power generation and the farmland development. It was also a countermeasure against flooding in the Nakdong River basin, where the Japanese owned large farmland. So, Japanese surveyors planned the improvement project for the first time in the early 20th century, but it was not implemented due to budget problems. Initially, the power holders of the central authorities tried to transform it into a canal project. This project became a main problem in 1925 when the issue for the movement of Gyeongnam Provincial Office entered the stage. The Japanese colonial authority proposed ‘various compensations' including this project. The local community got real benefits step by step. As a result, the city infrastructure and the educational environment in Jinju have improved significantly. The population growth over the next 10 years proved this. Therefore, the past understanding that the Jinju area has been backward due to the movement of the provincial office should be reviewed. After many twists and turns, the project began in 1937 It was completed in 1969, during the regime of the Third Korean Republic The communities in Jinju continued to negotiate with the Japanese colonial power for the Namgang Improvement Project. It was for the benefit of the community In this process, a internal division rarely occurred. Even under Japanese imperialism, they had achieved a degree of progress in public spases. 이 글은 일제하 진주지역의 수해대책이었던 남강치수사업의 추이와 성격을 살펴본 것이다. 매년 되풀이되었던 진주 수해의 주원인은 남강의 범람이었다. 그 진원지를 절개하여 강물을 방류함으로 시가를 보호한다는 것이 사업의 개요였다. 수력발전, 농지개간의 효과와 함께 일본인 소유지가 많았던 낙동강 하류의 방수책이기도 했다. 따라서 대한제국기 일제에 의해 공식 조사, 입안되었다. 초기에는 개발이익을 염두에 둔 중앙의 고관들에 의해 민자 운하사업으로 변용, 선전되기도 했다. 시행을 보지 못하고 지역에서 숙원화 되었던 이 사업은 1925년 경남도청 이전문제가 등장하면서 기폭되었다. 반대 운동에 직면한 식민권력은 남강치수사업을 필두로 각종 ‘代償案’을 제시하며 지역사회와 교섭했다. 이전 저지는 실패했으나 지역은 대상안을 단계적으로 획득하며 실리를 찾았다. 그 결과 진주의 기반시설과 공공기관이 확충되고 교육환경이 상당 부분 개선되었다. 향후 10여 년간의 폭발적인 인구 증가가 이를 반증한다. 일제하 경남 도청 이전을 계기로 진주지역이 낙후되었다는 기존의 이해는 재검토할 필요가 있다. 일제는 의지를 가지고 사업을 준비했으나 비용 문제로 실행에 옮기지 못했다. 곡절 끝에 1937년 착공되어 1969년 대한민국 제 3공화국 정권이 완공했다. 남강치수사업이 대두되어 논의, 교섭되는 과정은 권력과 상호작용하며 공동체의 이해관계를 조절해 간 지역사회의 면모를 잘 보여주고 있다. 식민지라는 조건 하에서 유력자를 전면으로 나름의 공적 영역을 확보해가는 양상도 발견된다.

산림지역의 유출특성을 고려한 남강댐유역내 주요 하천관측지점에 대한 홍수유출량 추정

김성재,박태양,장민원,김상민,Kim, Sung-Jae,Park, Tae-Yang,Jang, Min-Won,Kim, Sang-Min 한국농공학회 2010 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.52 No.6

The objective of this study is to estimate the flood runoff for three guaged stations within Namgang-Dam watershed which are operated by KWATER. For a flood runoff simulation, HEC-HMS was applied and the simulated runoff was compared with observed from 2004 to 2008. The watershed area of Sancheong, Shinan, and Changchon were 693.6 $km^2$, 413.4 $km^2$, and 346.48 $km^2$, respectively. The average runoff ratio of observed runoff for three watersheds were 0.725, 0.418, and 0.586, respectively. The dominant land cover of three watersheds are forest with the value of 71.6 %, 73.1 %, and 82.0 %. Three different cases according to the potential maximum retention of forest areas for calculating the curve number were applied to decrease the error between the simulated and observed. The simulated peak runoff of case 3 which applied the 90 % of potential maximum retention of curve number which is equivalent to AMCI for all the AMCI, AMCII, and AMCIII conditions showed least root mean square error (RMSE). The case 1, which was suggested by previous study, showed high discrepancy between the simulated and observed. Since the forest area consists of more than 70 % for all three watersheds, the application of curve number for forest is critical to improve the estimation errors. Further research is required to estimate the more accurate curve number for forest area.

SWAT 모형을 이용한 기후변화에 따른 남강댐 유입량 추정

김동현,김상민,Kim, Dong-Hyeon,Kim, Sang-Min 한국농공학회 2017 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.59 No.6

The objective of this study was to estimate the climate change impact on inflow to Namgang Dam using SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model. The SWAT model was calibrated and validated using observed flow data from 2003 to 2014 for the study watershed. The $R^2$ (Determination Coefficient), RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient), and RMAE (Relative Mean Absolute Error) were used to evaluate the model performance. Calibration results showed that the annual mean inflow were within ${\pm}5%$ error compared to the observed. $R^2$ were ranged 0.61~0.87, RMSE were 1.37~7.00 mm/day, NSE were 0.47~0.83, and RMAE were 0.25~0.73 mm/day for daily runoff, respectively. Climate change scenarios were obtained from the HadGEM3-RA. The quantile mapping method was adopted to correct bias that is inherent in the climate change scenarios. Based on the climate change scenarios, calibrated SWAT model simulates the future inflow and evapotranspiration for the study watershed. The expected future inflow to Namgang dam using RCP 4.5 is increasing by 4.8 % and RCP 8.5 is increasing by 19.0 %, respectively. The expected future evapotranspiration for Namgang dam watershed using RCP 4.5 is decreasing by 6.7 % and RCP 8.5 is decreasing by 0.7 %, respectively.

남강댐 수변구역 버드나무류 군락의 식생분석 및 토양의 이화학적 특성

박재현 ( Jae Hyeon Park ),김기홍 ( Ki Heung Kim ),이석배 ( Seok Bae Lee ) 한국산림과학회 2013 한국산림과학회지 Vol.102 No.2

This study was carried out to examine characteristics of physical and chemical current status and problems of Salix spp. communities based on growth characteristics by tree age and height of the tree species in around Namgang Dam reservoir area, Tree density in 4 survey areas was 5,284 trees/ha, but all areas need to control high tree density. Tree crown area in 4 survey areas was 9,786.4m2/ ha and crown area of Salix spp. Was the most dominant among tree species in watershed of the Jinyang lake. Mean soil depth in 4 survey areas was 65.5 cm higher in the sedimental deposit soil(78cm)than in forest soil(12.5cm) near the watershed. Soil bulk density was also higher in the sedimental deposit soil than in forest soil because of poor porosity in the sandy sediment. sediment. Soil pH was higher in sedimental deposit soil(A,B horizon:pH 6.7) than in forest soil(Ahorizon:Ph 5.3; B horizon:PH 5.2) because of originated from non-point source pollution and detergent of domestic sewage. The results suggest that growth of Salix spp. Could be poor because of low fertility with low cation exchange capacity in sedimental deposit soil.

남강댐 상류 3개 소유역의 유출량 추정을 위한 HSPF 모형의 적용성 평가

김소래,김상민 한국물환경학회 2018 한국물환경학회지 Vol.34 No.3

The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of a HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program–Fortran) model for runoff estimation in the Namgang dam watershed. Spatial data, such as watershed, stream, land use, and a digital elevation map, were used as input for the HSPF model, which was calibrated and validated using observed runoff data from 2004 to 2015 for three stations (Sancheong, Shinan, Changchon) in the study watershed. Parameters for runoff calibration were selected based on the user’s manual and references, and parameter calibration was done by trial and error. The R2 (determination coefficient), RMSE (root-mean-square error), NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient), and RMAE (relative mean absolute error) were used to evaluate the model’s performance. Calibration and validation results showed that annual mean runoff was within a ±5 % error in Sancheong and Shinan, whereas there was a14% error in Changchon. The model performance criteria for calibration and validation showed that R2 ranged from 0.80 to 0.92, RMSE was 2.33 to 2.39 mm/day, NSE was 0.71 to 0.85, and RMAE was 0.37 to 0.57 mm/day for daily runoff. Visual inspection showed that the simulated daily flow, monthly flow, and flow exceedance graph agreed well with observations for the Sancheong and Shinan stations, whereas the simulated flow was higher than observed at the Changchon station.

Hydro-environmental Runoff Projection under GCM Scenario Downscaled by Artificial Neural Network in the Namgang Dam Watershed, Korea

강부식,김영도,이종문,김성준 대한토목학회 2015 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.19 No.2

Until recently, hydrological impacts and prediction caused by climate change have been popular issues. However, a basin-scalehydro-environmental study has begun to attract attention recently due to the difficulties in watershed model calibration anduncertainty propagation in the data relaying procedure from the GCM (General Circulation Model) process to watershed modelingprocess, which leads to unrealistic projections. In addition, reliable downscaling scheme is essential in utilizing the GCM modeloutput for hydrological applications. The main objective of this study is to suggest a reliable ANN (Artificial Neural Network)-basedGCM scenario and its application for hydro-environmental projection using a watershed model. In this report, the Namgang Damwatershed in the Nakdong river basin was selected as the case study. To examine the vulnerability of the Namgang dam watershedcaused by climate change, the change in streamflow and pollutant material runoff due to climate change were predicted using thewatershed model, SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tool), based on the IPCC’s A1B GCM scenario, which is downscaled using theANN and Nonstationary Quantile Mapping. The results of this study will be used for suggesting an effective counterplan from anengineering point of view, and developing an integrated water sources management system.