국가영어능력평가시험(NEAT)의 개발과 선행과제 연구

이은정(Eun-Jung Lee) 한국중원언어학회 2012 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.23

The purpose of this study was to study major considerations about developing National English Ability Test (NEAT). Now, the College Scholastic Ability Test(CAST) is administered as the test of College Entrance Examination in Korea. However, the CAST does not directly measure the overall proficiency of English 4 skills. So, the KICE (Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation) has developed a new state-wide English language test for authentic English test. This new test, NEAT evaluates English 4 skills (reading, speaking, writing, listening) of English learners in Korea through IBT(Internet-based test). Also, the NEAT is composed of 3 levels and English learners can choose test level of the NEAT depending on leaners" purposes. NEAT will be enforced in 2013 after many simulation tests. Yet, there are some considerations about developing and enforcing NEAT. First, NEAT must have precise evaluation criteria and fair grading. Second, NEAT must have the same level of difficulty in each test. Third, NEAT must have stable and complete computer systems for many examinees. From now on, English evaluation test has influenced English teaching and learning in classroom. In conclusion, Neat is new paradigm of English ability test in Korea and has an influence on English teaching and learning positively.

대학수학능력 외국어시험 대안으로서 NEAT에 대한 인식: 사례연구 중심으로

이승철 ( Seung Chul Lee ),유호정 ( Ho Jung Yu ) 한국외국어대학교 외국어교육연구소 2012 외국어교육연구 Vol.26 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 영어교육과 국가영어능력평가시험(NEAT)에 대한 학생과 교사의 인식을 조사하는 것이다. NEAT는 학생들의 영어의 4기능을 평가하기 위해 한국교육과정평가원의 주관으로 만들어졌다. 아직 최종결정은 내려지지 않았지만, NEAT는 2013학년도 대학입학시험에 활용될 예정이다. 정부는 NEAT에 대한 긍정적인 면을 부각시키고 있지만, 일선에서는 과도기에 있는 학생들에게 부정적인영향을 미칠 수도 있을 것이라고 우려하고 있다. 본 연구는 영어교육과 NEAT에 대한 학생과 교사의 생각을 자세하게 기술하고자 한다. 연구를 위해 980명의 고등학생과 20명의 중등영어교사를 대상으로 설문조사를 했다. 본 연구가 한국의 모든 영어 교사들과 학생들의 전체적인 의식을 대변하진 않지만, 향후 NEAT에 대한 교사와 학생들이 가지고 있는 견해를 바탕으로 더 나은 영어능력평가시험이 되길 바란다. The purpose of this study was to explore the perception of secondary English teachers and students on English education and the National English Ability Test(NEAT). NEAT is designed to measure the holistic English capability, which contains four domains: speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Having developed by the Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation(KICE), NEAT is scheduled to be implemented for university admissions from the academic year of 2013, though the final decision is yet to be made. Though KICE and the government have been focusing on promoting bright prospects for NEAT, some concern that the test might pose some negative impact on English education in Korea, especially for students in the transition period. This study attempted to disclose the details about what teachers and students perceived in relation to English education and NEAT. In doing so, this study conducted a survey with 980 high school students and 20 English teachers. This study might not show overall perceptions of current English teachers and students in Korea. However, this study will be helpful to understand and enhance NEAT in the future.

국가영어능력평가시험(NEAT)에 대한 중등교사들의 인식

김은정(Kim, Eun-Jeong) 팬코리아영어교육학회(구 영남영어교육학회) 2012 영어교육연구 Vol.24 No.2

This study examined secondary school teachers’ perspectives on the National English Ability Test (NEAT). A questionnaire was administered to 58 secondary school teachers in Gyeongnam Province. The instrument measured the participating teachers’ perceptions of (a) the effectiveness of the NEAT in terms of validity, reliability, authenticity, practicality, and washback; (b) the efficacy of NEAT-related teacher training programs in preparing teachers for the NEAT; and (c) the perceived level of readiness of secondary schools and teachers for teaching the NEAT. The results indicate that the NEAT was perceived as having high validity and authenticity but low reliability and practicality. Positive washback included enhancement of the four skills for learners and exploration of various teaching methods for teachers, whereas negative washback indicated that students spend much time in private NEAT cram schools and teachers experience stress due to excessive workload and pressure to score reliably. The participants stressed that more systematic and continuous in-service teacher training should be provided so that teachers could become more confident in scoring. It seems that NEAT-related teacher training is perceived as helpful when it comes to giving participants basic knowledge of the NEAT but not when it comes to turning them into reliable evaluators. Finally, teachers perceived that most secondary schools did not actively prepare for the NEAT.

The Long Noncoding RNA NEAT1 Targets miR-34a-5p and Drives Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Progression via Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling

Yuqing Ji,Man Wang,Xueshen Li,Fusheng Cui 연세대학교의과대학 2019 Yonsei medical journal Vol.60 No.4

Purpose: Long noncoding RNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) has been deemed an oncogene in many humancancers. However, the underlying mechanism of NEAT1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) progression remains largelyunclear. Materials and Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR assay was performed to assess the expression of NEAT1 and miR-34a-5p inNPC tissues and cells. Western blot analysis was used to observe cell epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the activationof Wnt/β-catenin signaling in 5-8F cells. MiRNA directly interacting with NEAT1 were verified by dual-luciferase reporter assayand RNA immunoprecipitation. Cell proliferation ability was determined by CCK-8 assay, and cell migration and invasion capacitieswere assessed by transwell assays. An animal model was used to investigate the regulatory effect of NEAT1 on tumorgrowth in vivo. Results: Our data revealed that NEAT1 is upregulated, while miR-34a-5p is downregulated in NPC tissues and cell lines. NEAT1knockdown repressed tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, we discovered that NEAT1 directly binds to miR-34a-5pand suppresses miR-34a-5p expression. Moreover, NEAT1 knockdown exerted suppression effects on cell proliferation, migration,invasion, and EMT by miR-34a-5p. NEAT1 knockdown blocked Wnt/β-catenin signaling via miR-34a-5p. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that NEAT1 targets miR-34a-5p at least partly to drive NPC progression by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for NPC.

Expression of lncRNA NEAT1 in endometriosis and its biological functions in ectopic endometrial cells as mediated via miR-124-3p

Yuan Donglan,Zhu Dandan,Yin Boyu,Ge Hongshan,Zhao Yinling,Huang Aihua,Wang Xiaosu,Cao Xiuhong,Xia Nan,Qian Hua 한국유전학회 2022 Genes & Genomics Vol.44 No.5

Background: Endometriosis (EM) is a gynecological disease that poses severe health risks to women, although its pathogenesis has yet to be fully elucidated. It has been shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are closely associated with EM initiation and have a role in the development of this disease. Previous studies exploring the expression of the lncRNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) have shown that this lncRNA functions as a tumor promoter in endometrial cancer. However, its exact mechanism of action in EM remains unclear. Objective: This report was designed to illustrate the potential molecular mechanisms of lncRNA NEAT1 on EM. Methods: Endometrial tissues were extracted from EM model rats and patients with EM. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was applied to detect the morphological changes that occurred in rats after construction of the model. Endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) were extracted from either ectopic endometrium (EC) or eutopic endometrium (EU) tissues from patients with EM. LncRNA NEAT1 and miR-124-3p expression in EM tissues and cells were subsequently evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative (RT-q)PCR analysis. MTT assay, flow cytometric analysis, western blot assay and Transwell assay were then employed to examine the effect of NEAT1 and miR-124-3p on EC-ESC proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, respectively. The targeted relationship between lncRNA NEAT1 and miR-124-3p was subsequently confirmed by dual-luciferase and co-transfection assays. Results: MiR-124-3p was identified as a target of NEAT1, and could be negatively regulated by NEAT1 in EC-ESCs. The expression level of NEAT1 was evidently increased, whereas that of miR-124-3p was decreased, in the EM in vivo model, EM tissues and EC-ESCs from patients with EM. The loss-of-function assays further established that silencing of NEAT1 could inhibit EC-ESC proliferation, migration, and invasion, but it led to the promotion of apoptosis via targeting miR-124-3p. Conclusions: NEAT1 is significantly upregulated in EM, promoting malignant behavior in EM through targeting miR-124-3p expression.

일반논문 : 국가영어능력평가시험(NEAT)의 활용 방안

이현우 ( Hyunoo Lee ),이소영 ( Soyoung Lee ) 인하대학교 교육연구소 2013 교육문화연구 Vol.19 No.4

2013년 8월 27일에 발표한 대입 전형 간소화 방안을 통하여 교육부는 국가영어능력평가시험(NEAT)을 대학 입학 전형에서 활용하지 않겠다는 입장을 밝혔다. 이에 따라, 2015학년부터 대학수학능력시험 영어 영역을 대체할 목적으로 2006년의 사전 조사연구부터 시작해 오랜 기간 개발되어온 NEAT를 추후에 어떻게 활용할 것인가의 문제가 현안으로 대두되었다. 이 문제와 관련하여, 본 연구는 고등학생, 학부모, 고교 교사 그리고 대학 입학 담당 관계자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고 그 반응을 분석하였다. 설문조사 결과, 모든 집단에서 응답자의 50% 내외가 NEAT가 ``영어 수업 및 평가 방식의 개선``을 위해 사용되어야 한다고 답함으로써 ``대입 수시 전형에 활용``되어야 한다는 응답에 크게 앞서고 있었다. NEAT가 ``대학수학능력시험의 영어 영역을 대체``해야 한다는 것에는 모든 집단에서 가장 낮은 비율의 응답 양상을 보였다. 위의 설문조사 결과는 NEAT를 폐기하는 것보다는 어떠한 형태로든지 영어 수업 및 평가 방식의 개선에 활용하는 것이 필요하며, 이를 위해 현실적이면서도 구체적인 방안이 시급히 마련되어야 함을 시사한다고 하겠다. According to the Ministry of Education`s plan to simplify college entrance admissions process, which was released in August, 2013, the National English Ability Test (NEAT) will not be used in college admissions. Thus, the issue of how to use the NEAT which has been developed since the year of 2006 came to a fore. This study explores how to use the NEAT by conducting a survey that targets four groups of people: high school students, their parents, their teachers, and college admissions officials. More than half of the survey participants responded that the NEAT should be mainly used to improve teaching and assessment of English. The implications of this finding are discussed along with some suggestions for using the NEAT in English classrooms.

Upregulation and Clinicopathological Significance of Long Non-coding NEAT1 RNA in NSCLC Tissues

Pan, Lin-Jiang,Zhong, Teng-Fei,Tang, Rui-Xue,Li, Ping,Dang, Yi-Wu,Huang, Su-Ning,Chen, Gang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.7

Background: Recent reports have shown that nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1), a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), contributes to the precise control of gene expression and is related to several human malignancies. However, limited data are available on the expression and function of NEAT1 in lung cancer. The major objective of the current study was to profile the expression and clinicopathological significance of NEAT1 in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Materials and Methods: NEAT1 expression in 125 NSCLC cases and paired adjacent non-cancer tissues was assessed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). Relationships between NEAT1 and clinicopathological factors were also investigated. Results: The relative level of NEAT1 was $6.98{\pm}3.74$ in NSCLC tissues, significantly elevated as compared to that of the adjacent non-cancer lung tissues ($4.83{\pm}2.98$, p<0.001). The area under curve (AUC) of high expression of NEAT1 to diagnose NSCLC was 0.684 (95% CI: 0.619~0.750, p<0.001). NEAT1 expression was positively correlated with patient age (r=-2.007, p=0.047), lymphatic metastasis (r=-2.731, p=0.007), vascular invasion (r=-3.617, p=0.001) and clinical TNM stage (r=-4.134, p<0.001). Conclusions: This study indicates that NEAT1 might be associated with oncogenesis and progression in NSCLC, and suggests application in molecular targeted therapy.

Demand for Reintroduction of NEAT: Corresponding to Key Competencies in Korea

Byeong Cheon Lee 한국영어어문교육학회 2017 영어어문교육 Vol.23 No.3

The purpose of this study is to analyze the needs to reintroduce NEAT (National English Ability Test) which suspended in 2014. NEAT policy research has begun in 2007, and implemented as a preliminary test for two years whose final purpose was to replace the CSAT in order for English learners in Korea to enhance English communicative abilities. As the current educational environment changes such as Criterion Referenced Assessment and Achievement Standard-based Assessment, this study analyzes the relevance of the educational environment with NEAT reintroduction, and examines the rationale for reintroduction of NEAT. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, the background of the introduction and cessation of the NEAT policy were analyzed through the literature review and previous research, then this study suggested the necessity of NEAT reintroduction based on the change of current education environment, Thus this study also discussed the ways in which the test could be developed and settled in the future. The results of this study provided the rationale of NEAT reintroduction, which will lead to English classroom change through the wash-back effect of the English evaluation system to teaching-learning procedure with the several elements; the change of educational environment such as Criterion Referenced Assessment of CSAT and introduction of Achievement Standard Assessment (ASA) absolute evaluation in secondary school, result of needs analysis at the time of NEAT introduction and implementation, technical development, and the accountability of Ministry of Education.

Long non-coding RNA NEAT1 promotes lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by regulating miR-424-5p/MAPK14 axis

Rui Zhang,Lina Chen,Fei Huang,Xiaorong Wang,Cuihong Li 한국유전학회 2021 Genes & Genomics Vol.43 No.7

Background Many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been suggested to play critical roles in acute lung injury (ALI) pathogenesis, including lncRNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1). Objective We aimed to further elucidate the functions and molecular mechanism of NEAT1 in ALI. Methods Human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiCs) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were served as a cellular model of ALI. Cell viability and cell apoptosis were determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and fow cytometry, respectively. The expression of NEAT1, microRNA-424-5p (miR-424-5p), and mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 (MAPK14) was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or western blot analysis. Caspase activity was determined by caspase activity kit. The infammatory responses were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The oxidative stress factors were analyzed by corresponding kits. Results NEAT1 was upregulated in LPS-stimulated HPAEpiCs. NEAT1 knockdown weakened LPS-induced injury by inhibiting apoptosis, infammation and oxidative stress in HPAEpiCs. Moreover, miR-424-5p was a direct target of NEAT1, and its knockdown reversed the efects caused by NEAT1 knockdown in LPS-induced HPAEpiCs. Furthermore, MAPK14 was a downstream target of miR-424-5p, and its overexpression attenuated the efects of miR-424-5p on reduction of LPSinduced injury in HPAEpiCs. Besides, NEAT1 acted as a sponge of miR-424-5p to regulate MAPK14 expression. Conclusion NEAT1 knockdown alleviated LPS-induced injury of HPAEpiCs by regulating miR-424-5p/MAPK14 axis, which provided a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ALI.

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT): a component of total daily energy expenditure

( Nana Chung ),( Mi-young Park ),( Jisu Kim ),( Hun-young Park ),( Hyejung Hwang ),( Chi-ho Lee ),( Jin-soo Han ),( Jaemoo So ),( Jonghoon Park ),( Kiwon Lim ) 한국운동영양학회 2018 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.22 No.2

[Purpose] The purpose of this review is to promote awareness of non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) as a new strategy to increase energy expenditure, and to manage obesity. [Methods] The content of this review is based on a literature search of PubMed and the Google Scholar search engine, using the search terms obesity, energy expenditure, non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), and sitting disease. [Results] Daily energy expenditure is of great interest because most obese individuals have no exercise activity- related thermogenesis (EAT); thus their physical activity-related energy expenditure (PEE) is comprised almost entirely of NEAT. Consequently, NEAT represents the main variable component of daily total energy expenditure (TEE); this varies considerably, both within among individuals. These somewhat unplanned and unstructured low level physical activities are associated with energy expenditure in excess of the resting metabolic rate (RMR). They may therefore have the potential to stimulate greater energy expenditure over time with a higher rate of adherence. [Conclusion] In conclusion, NEAT is a highly variable component of daily TEE and a low level of NEAT is associated with obesity. NEAT enhances lifestyle, and variations in individual and environmental factors can significantly affect daily energy expenditure. Therefore, well designed longitudinal studies that focus on personal behavioral approaches and re-engineered environments to increase NEAT should be conducted in the future.