한국어 겹목적어 구문에 대한 고찰

서민정 어문연구학회 2018 어문연구 Vol.98 No.-

This study will reflect the difference in grammar between the written language and the spoken language for the multiple objects of the issues related to the Korean object. In the previous study, discussions were held on the premise that the multiple object phrases are generally realized in Korean written language. However, when searching for actual data such as Sejong corpus, the multiple objects phrases can be found in spoken corpus, but they are not found in written corpus. It is difficult to say that the Sejong corpus represents the whole Korean language, but the necessity of reviewing whether the multi-object syntax can be said to be a universal grammatical phenomenon in Korean can be clearly confirmed. In this study, we note that Korean multiple objects phrases are identified in the spoken corpus. This is because, as discussed in previous studies such as Roh Dae-gyu (1996), Ahn Chan-won (2018), spoken languase and written language are clearly different in grammar. When the differences between these spoken and written language are reflected in Korean grammar, this study expects that many parts of the Korean grammar currently under discussion, such as the overlap of sentence components, the range of passive, and the syntactic characteristics of infl-suffix, can be solved. So I would like to consider the syntax of the multiple object from that point of view. For this discussion, the study first examines the grammar differences between spoken language and written language, and examines how the syntax is in the double object. Since previous studies have been discussed on the premise that most of the multi-object syntax is realized in written language, if it is realized in spoken language, discussions on the multi-object phrases need to be reviewed at the beginning. Next, I would like to examine the syntactic functions of 'NP1 1' and 'NP2 2' in the multple iobject phrase. This will include the review of the relationship between sentences and syntactic differences that have been discussed as corresponding to the syntax of the multiple object. Through these discussions, we will see that the Korean multiple object phrase is a phenomenon that is realized mainly in spoken language. And when the speaker is related to the object that is preceded in the process of adding or embodying the idea in the situation of spoken language, it will be realized as the object in the sentence and realized as a multiple object phrase. 이 연구는 한국어 목적어와 관련한 쟁점들 중에서 겹목적어 구문에 대하여, 입말과 글말의 문법 차이를 반영하여 고찰하고자 한다. 앞선 연구에서는 겹목적어 구문이 한국어에서 일반적으로 실현되는 문장이라는 전제 하에서 논의가 이루어졌다. 그런데 세종말뭉치와 같은 실제 자료를 검색했을 때, 겹목적어 구문은 입말[구어] 말뭉치에서는 확인할 수 있으나, 글말[문어] 말뭉치에서는 검색되지 않는다. 세종말뭉치가 한국어 전체를 대변한다고 하기는 어렵지만, 말뭉치 규모가 어느 정도가 된다고 보았을 때, 겹목적어 구문이 한국어에서 보편적인 문법 현상이라고 할 수 있을 것인지에 대한 검토에 대한 필요성은 분명히 확인할 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 한국어 겹목적어가 입말 말뭉치에서 확인된다는 사실에 주목한다. 그것은 노대규(1996), 안찬원(2018) 등의 앞선 연구에서 논의한 바와 같이 입말과 글말이 문법에서 분명한 차이가 있기 때문이다. 이 연구에서는 이러한 입말과 글말의 차이가 한국어 문법에 반영되었을 때, 문장성분의 겹침, 피동과 사동의 범위, 동사토의 통사적 특성과 같은 현재 논의 중에 있는 한국어 문법의 많은 부분이 해결될 수 있을 것이라 기대하고, 그런 관점에서 겹목적어 구문에 대해 고찰하고자 한다. 이러한 논의를 위해 이 연구에서는 먼저 입말과 글말의 문법 차이에 대해 간단히 살피고 겹목적어 구문은 어떤 양상을 보이는지에 대해 검토한다. 앞선 연구들은 겹목적어 구문이 대부분 글말에서 실현되는 것임을 전제로 논의가 이루어진 것이기 때문에, 만약 입말에서 실현되는 것이라면 겹목적어와 관련한 논의는 그 출발에서 다시 검토할 필요가 있을 것이기 때문이다. 다음으로 겹목적어 구문에서 ‘NP1를1’, ‘NP2를2’의 통사적 기능을 고찰하고자 한다. 여기에는 겹목적어 구문과 각각 대응하는 것으로 논의되어 온 문장들의 관계와 통사적 차이에 대한 검토가 포함될 것이다. 이러한 논의를 통해 한국어 겹목적어 구문이 주로 입말에서 실현되는 현상이며, ‘입말’이라는 상황에서 말할이가 생각이 추가되거나 혹은 구체화되는 과정에서 선행된 목적어와 관련된 것일 때 문장에서 목적어로 실현되어 이중목적어, 혹은 겹목적어 구문으로 실현됨을 살필 것이다.

Deep Learning Machine Vision System with High Object Recognition Rate using Multiple-Exposure Image Sensing Method

( Min-jun Park ),( Hyeon-june Kim ) 한국센서학회 2021 센서학회지 Vol.30 No.2

In this study, we propose a machine vision system with a high object recognition rate. By utilizing a multiple-exposure image sensing technique, the proposed deep learning-based machine vision system can cover a wide light intensity range without further learning processes on the various light intensity range. If the proposed machine vision system fails to recognize object features, the system operates in a multiple-exposure sensing mode and detects the target object that is blocked in the near dark or bright region. Furthermore, shortand long-exposure images from the multiple-exposure sensing mode are synthesized to obtain accurate object feature information. That results in the generation of a wide dynamic range of image information. Even with the object recognition resources for the deep learning process with a light intensity range of only 23 dB, the prototype machine vision system with the multiple-exposure imaging method demonstrated an object recognition performance with a light intensity range of up to 96 dB.

Object transportation using multiple mobile robots: Coupling and decoupling configuration of an object and robots

최진규,Hao Tian,하윤수 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2023 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.47 No.6

This study deals with object transportation using multiple mobile robots. Each robot is assumed to have a mechanism to couple with an object. The mechanism is operated by pushing and pulling forces without an actuator and becomes a free joint after coupling. The transportation operation is conducted as follows. The mobile robots first couple with the object using pushing motions. Then, they transport the object to the goal position. Finally, they decouple from the object using pulling motions after arriving at the destination. In this study, we focus on coupling and decoupling operations and discuss the configurations of the object and robots for coupling and decoupling. First, we formulate a kinematic model and static equilibrium equation for the object and n robots and then show that there exists a configuration, in which the robots can push and pull one another for coupling and decoupling while maintaining static equilibrium. Such a configuration is a singular configuration and is usually regarded as undesirable in terms of motion control. It is demonstrated through numerical examples using two, three, and four robots that the singular configuration is appropriate for coupling and decoupling operations.

Detection of Multiple Salient Objects by Categorizing Regional Features

( Kang-han Oh ),( Soo-hyung Kim ),( Young-chul Kim ),( Yu-ra Lee ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.1

Recently, various and effective contrast based salient object detection models to focus on a single target have been proposed. However, there is a lack of research on detection of multiple objects, and also it is a more challenging task than single target process. In the multiple target problem, we are confronted by new difficulties caused by distinct difference between properties of objects. The characteristic of existing models depending on the global maximum distribution of data point would become a drawback for detection of multiple objects. In this paper, by analyzing limitations of the existing methods, we have devised three main processes to detect multiple salient objects. In the first stage, regional features are extracted from over-segmented regions. In the second stage, the regional features are categorized into homogeneous cluster using the mean-shift algorithm with the kernel function having various sizes. In the final stage, we compute saliency scores of the categorized regions using only spatial features without the contrast features, and then all scores are integrated for the final salient regions. In the experimental results, the scheme achieved superior detection accuracy for the SED2 and MSRA-ASD benchmarks with both a higher precision and better recall than state-of-the-art approaches. Especially, given multiple objects having different properties, our model significantly outperforms all existing models.

SIFT와 다중측면히스토그램을 이용한 다중물체추적

전정수,문용호,하석운 대한임베디드공학회 2014 대한임베디드공학회논문지 Vol.9 No.1

In multiple object tracking, accurate detection for each of objects that appear sequentially and effective tracking in complicated cases that they are overlapped with each other are very important. In this paper, we propose a multiple object tracking system that has a concrete detection and tracking characteristics by using multi-lateral histogram and SIFT feature extraction algorithm. Especially, by limiting the matching area to object's inside and by utilizing the location informations in the keypoint matching process of SIFT algorithm, we advanced the tracking performance for multiple objects. Based on the experimental results, we found that the proposed tracking system has a robust tracking operation in the complicated environments that multiple objects are frequently overlapped in various of directions.

RGB-D 영상 기반 다수 객체 구역화 및 인식

장영균(Youngkyoon Jang),우운택(Woontack Woo) 한국HCI학회 2013 한국HCI학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1

본 논문에서는 동기화 되어 얻어진 컬러(RGB) 영상과 깊이(Depth) 영상을 상호 보완적으로 사용하여 다수의 객체 구역화 하고 인식하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 깊이 영상을 기반으로 하여 배경이 되는 평면을 분할(segmentation) 함으로써 영상에 객체가 몇 개 있는지 모르는 상황에서 임의의 다수 객체 검출을 수행한다. 이 검출된 객체들을 포함하는 다수 관심영역(Region of interests)을 기반으로 제안하는 방법은 특징점 검출을 수행하고 기존에 생성한 코드북(codebook)를 활용함으로써 3차원 객체의 자세와 스케일에 관계없는 강건한 BoF(Bag-of-Features)를 생성한다. 이 생성된 BoF 히스토그램은 이후 미리 학습된 랜덤 포레스트(Random Forest) 기반의 구분자(classifier)를 이용함으로써 객체를 인식한다. 제안하는 방법은 임의의 카메라 자세(pose)에서 취득된 영상에 대해서도 사용자의 최소한의 참여를 통해 강건하게 배경을 제거하고 임의 개수의 객체를 검출 할 수 있으며, BoF 모델을 이용함으로써 3차원 객체의 다양한 시점에 대해서도 빠르고 강건한 인식을 지원한다. 제안하는 방법은 증가하는 공간 단위에서의 3차원 객체인식의 핵심 기술로 활용 될 수 있다. This paper presents RGB-D image-based multiple objects localization and recognition. The proposed method segments background region and localizes multiple objects based on a depth image in the case of unknown object number. Then the method extracts corner points within a localized ROI (Region of Interests) of a RGB image. Then the method makes descriptors and BoF(Bag-of-Features) through the pre-learned codebook. The BoF histogram is then passed through the pre-learned Random Forest-based classifier. The classifier determines recognized object index. The proposed method is robust to 3D rotation and scale changes of a 3D object. It also guarantees fast and accurate object localization even though there is no prior information such as existing object number. The proposed method can be used as a core technology of the 3D object recognition in order to provide related information of an object.

다중반사에 의한 심메트리 효과

심복섭 한국기초조형학회 2011 기초조형학연구 Vol.12 No.3

This study examines case studies and experimentations on the aspects of symmetry when it is created through multiple reflections and how it can be put to practical use in art and art education. The case studies examined and assessed a number of artist’s artworks, advertisements, and films. These case studies found that the perception of space would increases due to the multiple reflections of an object. How it creates interest by captivating the viewer into questioning what it is they see and how to express or represent a symbolic metaphor. This led to further investigation and experimentations. A total of nine experiments were conducted using a changeable mirror device, a prism and an object. The positions of the reflected objects were identified and differentiated in order to analyze the symmetry. The results of the experiments are as follows: First, the angle between mirrors plays an important role in defining the symmetrical qualities and the numbers of figures being observed. Second, the visual symmetry that a reflected object creates will vary greatly depending on the structural make up of the reflected object and the location of the prism. Third, a triangular prism will create a form of higher density than a square or hexagonal prism. Fourth, when a prism is placed on the corner of the reflected object, a profusion of reflected images will appear, creating confusion as to the reflection’s true symmetry. Fifth, when a reflected object is indivisible and indistinguishable from its inherent angles and shape, the prism’s location is the biggest factor in determining the symmetry of the reflected object. Sixth, depending on the circumstances, the created visual symmetry has the power to produce each and every distinct characteristic of the reflected object. In this study the investigation led to a greater understanding of the effects of multiple reflections on symmetry. This will enable artists, art educators and art students to apply its use and explain the how and the why of the effects of multiple reflections on symmetry. 빛의 물리적 현상들은 그 종류만큼이나 다양하게 조형세계에 새로운 형식들을 제시하였고, 그 중에서도 다중반사는 심메트리를 생성하는 속성으로 인해 특별한 관심의 대상이 되어왔다. 본 연구는 이러한 다중반사가 보다 적극적으로 조형교육과 창작을 지원하기 위한 근거로 활용되기를 바라는 목적으로 시작되었다. 이에 다중반사의 개념으로부터 생성원리에 이르기까지 물리적 현상으로서의 특징을 파악하였고, 다중반사를 통한 심메트리가 조형에서 어떠한 양상으로 나타나는지 고찰하였다. 그 결과 자기증식을 통한 공간의 확장, 시각적 착각에 의한 지각유희, 그리고 상징적 은유라는 표현효과와 특징을 파악할 수 있었다. 또한 심메트리의 형식과 효과분석을 위해 실험 장치의 구조와 반사물체의 위치를 달리한 총 아홉 가지의 실험제작을 진행하였다. 그 결과 다음의 몇 가지 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 거울사이의 각도는 상(像)의 개수와 그에 따른 심메트리를 특징짓는데 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 둘째, 실험장치의 구조와 반사물체의 위치관계에 따라 전혀 다른 형식의 심메트리가 표현된다. 셋째, 정삼각기둥이 정사각기둥이나 정육각기둥에 비해 다양하고 밀도가 높은 형식의 심메트리를 구현한다. 넷째, 반사물체가 실험 장치의 모서리에 위치할 때는 여러 개의 상이 강력한 군화(群花)를 이루므로 실제의 심메트리 파악에 혼란을 초래한다. 다섯째, 실험 장치에서 각도와 형태는 불가분의 관계이므로 심메트리에 가장 큰 영향을 끼치는 요소는 반사물체의 위치이다. 여섯째, 다중반사의 조건에 따라 형성되는 심메트리는 저마다 뚜렷한 특징을 나타내므로 결국 표현의도에 맞는 적합한 형식을 찾고 이를 효율적으로 활용할 수 있는 이해와 안목을 키우는 것이 가장 중요하다.

다중 카메라를 이용한 실시간 객체 추적 방법

장인태(In-Tae Jang),김동우(Dong-Woo Kim),송영준(Young-Jun Song),권혁봉(Hyeok-Bong Kwon),안재형(Jae-Hyeong Ahn) 한국산업정보학회 2012 한국산업정보학회논문지 Vol.17 No.4

최근 보안 감시 분야에서 영상처리를 이용한 객체 추적에 관한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 기존 여러 대의 카메라를 이용한 보안 감시 시스템은 각각 독립적으로 운영되었다. 따라서 추적 객체가 다른 카메라의 감시영역으로 이동 시 계속해서 추적이 어려웠다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문은 다중 카메라에서 객체의 이동방향에 따라 자동으로 카메라의 제어권을 변경하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안방법은 객체를 검출하고 객체의 색상 정보와 방향 정보로 객체를 추적한다. 색상 정보는 hue를 이용하고 방향 정보는 광류를 이용하여 획득한다. 이때 광류는 전체 영상이 아닌 객체가 검출된 영역에만 적용하여 계산량을 줄여 실시간 추적이 가능하게 한다. 또한, 자동으로 객체를 추적함으로써 기존 카메라를 이용한 보안 감시 시스템의 불편함을 해결할 수 있다. Recently, the study about object tracking using image processing has been active in the field of security and surveillance. Existing security and surveillance systems using multiple cameras have been operating independently. Thus, the chase was difficult when the tracking object move to other monitored areas. In this paper, we propose the way to change the control of camera automatically following the moving direction of objects in multiple cameras. The proposed method detects the object and tracks the object using color information and direction information of object. The color information obtains using the hue and the direction information obtains using the optical flow. At this time, the optical flow is detected for the entire image area of an object that is not applied only to reduce the computational complexity makes it possible to track in real time. In addition, it can be solved to inconvenience of security surveillance system to use existing camera by tracking an object automatically.

Multiple Camera Collaboration Strategies for Dynamic Object Association

( Shung Han Cho ),( Yunyoung Nam ),( Sangjin Hong ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2010 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.4 No.6

In this paper, we present and compare two different multiple camera collaboration strategies to reduce false association in finding the correspondence of objects. Collaboration matrices are defined with the required minimum separation for an effective collaboration because homographic lines for objects association are ineffective with the insufficient separation. The first strategy uses the collaboration matrices to select the best pair out of many cameras having the maximum separation to efficiently collaborate on the object association. The association information in selected cameras is propagated to unselected cameras by the global information constructed from the associated targets. While the first strategy requires the long operation time to achieve the high association rate due to the limited view by the best pair, it reduces the computational cost using homographic lines. The second strategy initiates the collaboration process of objects association for all the pairing cases of cameras regardless of the separation. In each collaboration process, only crossed targets by a transformed homographic line from the other collaborating camera generate homographic lines. While the repetitive association processes improve the association performance, the transformation processes of homographic lines increase exponentially. The proposed methods are evaluated with real video sequences and compared in terms of the computational cost and the association performance. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed methods effectively reduce the false association rate as compared with basic pair-wise collaboration.

사용자 친화적인 오디오 서비스를 위한 다객체 오디오 부호화

김광기,장병옥 한국지식정보기술학회 2013 한국지식정보기술학회 논문지 Vol.8 No.6

Interactive audio service allows users to create and enjoy their audio sound according to their preferences using delivered audio objects such as vocal, bass, piano, guitar, drum, and so on. The interactive audio service has very high bit-rate because various audio objects are separately coded. Therefore, it is difficult to provide the interactive audio service through the wired/wireless communication and network environment. To solve the bit-rate problem of the interactive audio service, multiple audio object coding (MAOC) scheme can be applied. The basic idea of the MAOC is that the audio objects are represented as a down-mix signal with spatial parameters. However, because the MAOC still has a problem that the precise control of a particular audio object is impossible, the sound quality degradation is very severe in a Karaoke service. In this paper, we proposed the enhanced MAOC that focus on the precise control of the target object such as vocal. The enhanced MAOC uses a residual signal that indicates the gap between the parametric description of the audio signals and the transparent sound quality. From the experimental result, the proposed enhanced MAOC shows better performance than the MAOC in the aspect of the precise control of the target audio object.