여성의 다중역할에 따른 건강 차이

조수진,장숙랑,조성일,Cho, Su-Jin,Jang, Soong-Nang,Cho, Sung-Il 대한예방의학회 2008 예방의학회지 Vol.41 No.5

Objectives : Most studies about multiple roles and women's health suggested that combining with paid job, being married and having children was more likely to improve health status than in case of single or traditional roles. We investigated whether there was better health outcome in multiple roles among Korean women coinciding with previous studies of other nations. Methods : Data were from the 2005 Korea National Health & Nutritional Examination Survey, a subsample of women aged 25-59 years (N=2,943). Health status was assessed for self-rated poor health, perceived stress and depression, respectively based on one questionnaire item. The age-standardized prevalence of all health outcomes were calculated by role categories and socioeconomic status. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association of self rated health, perceived stress, and depression with multiple roles adjusted for age, education, household income, number of children and age of children. Results : Having multiple roles with working role was not associated with better health and psychological wellbeing. Compared to those with traditional roles, employed women more frequently experienced perceived stress, with marital and/or parental roles. Non-working single mothers suffered depression more often than women with traditional roles or other role occupancy. Socioeconomic status indicators were potent independent correlates of self-rated health and perceived stress. Conclusions : Employment of women with other roles did not confer additional health benefit to traditional family responsibility. Juggling of work and family responsibility appeared more stressful than traditional unemployed parental and marital role in Korean women.

기혼 여교사의 다중역할계획태도, 인지적 유연성, 성역할태도 및 관리자 민감성과 다중역할 경험과의 관계

장효주,연규진 한국여성심리학회 2016 한국심리학회지 여성 Vol.21 No.3

This study examined how an attitude towards multiple role planning, cognitive flexibility and a gender role attitude, which are considered as personal internal factors of female teachers with children, as well as a perceived difference in couples' gender role attitude and employer sensitivity, which are considered as environmental factors, predict the negative and positive experiences of work-family multiple roles. For this study, a self-reported survey was administered to 266 female teachers with children in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon and Daejeon. A hierarchical regression analysis was conducted using the SPSS 18.0 program. The results of the study indicate that as attitude towards multiple role planning, cognitive flexibility, and employer sensitivity increase, female teachers with children have a lower level of negative experiences of work-family multiple roles and a higher level of positive experiences. In addition, it was found that as female teachers' level of gender role attitude increase, they have a higher level of experiences of work-family multiple roles and that as a perceived difference in couples' gender role attitude increase, female teachers had a higher level of negative experience of work-family multiple roles. Based on the results of the study, suggestions and implications regarding on work-family multiple roles were made. The limitations of the present study as well as directions for future studies were discussed.

여대생의 일가정 다중역할계획의도 예측모형 연구: 사회인지진로이론과 계획행동이론의 통합

김지은 ( Jieun Kim ),박미석 ( Mee Sok Park ) 대한가정학회 2020 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.58 No.4

This study presents work-family multiple-role planning by female university students as a new approach to work-life balance. Accordingly, this study examines university years as a key time frame during which students establish their career paths. This study integrates the social cognitive career theory and the planned behavior theory to design and evaluate a model that explains the work-family multiple-role planning process; in addition, it develops an optimal model to predict the intentions of female university students in work-family multiple-role planning. This study has conducted a structural survey with 500 female university students. After inspecting the data, the responses of 435 participants were used in the data analysis (SEM) with SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. The findings include the following. First, suitability of predictive model presents a satisfying fit. The major factors in this study’s model (parental support, subjective norms, attitudes toward multiple-role planning, career decision self-efficacy, and outcome expectations) are verified as direct and indirect predictors of the work-family multiple-role planning intent of female university students. Second, the strongest predictive factor for the work-family multiple-role planning intent is the social environment factor (subjective norms), indicating that the influence of social pressure on intent is relatively large. The predictive model formulated under this study’s integrated theoretical framework supplements existing research that focused on attitudes toward multiple-role planning as well as provides a more profound theoretical foundation on which work-family multiple-role planning behaviors can be better understood.

일-가정 다중역할 부정적 경험이 미취학 자녀를 가진 전일제 직장여성의 내재화 문제에 미치는 영향: 사회지향성의 매개효과

설진희,박수현 한국문화및사회문제심리학회 2019 한국심리학회지: 문화 및 사회문제 Vol.25 No.1

Negative experience related to work-family multiple roles has been associated with internalizing problems in mothers. In particular, employed mothers with preschool children report high degree of stress. As such, the need to examine potential factors that may explain and alleviate such difficulties has been emphasized. The purpose of this study was thus to examine the mediating effect of sociotropy on the relationship between negative work-family multiple roles and internalizing problems in employed mothers with preschool children. The Negative Experience of Work-Family Multiple Roles Scale, Adult Self Report (ASR) Scale, and Personal Style Inventory-Ⅱ (PSI-Ⅱ), were completed by 208 employed mothers with preschool children through an online survey. The results indicated that the direct effect of negative experience of work-family multiple roles on internalizing problems was statistically significant and the indirect effect of sociotropy in this relationship was significant. These findings suggest that sociotropy in employed mothers may indirectly explain internalizing problems related to multiple roles. The implications of sociotropy in negative experience of work-family multiple roles and internalizing problems are discussed. 미취학 자녀가 있는 직장인 여성들은 일-가정 다중역할을 수행하면서 높은 스트레스를 보고한다고 알려져 있다. 이에 본 연구는 미취학 자녀를 가진 전일제 직장여성을 대상으로 일-가정 다중역할 부정적 경험이 내재화 문제에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 진행되었다. 미취학 자녀가 있는 직장여성 208명을 대상으로 일-가정 다중역할 부정적 경험 척도, 내재화 문제를 파악하기 위하여 성인용 행동평가 척도 자기보고용(ASR), 사회지향성 성격 특성을 파악하기 위해 성격 유형 척도(PSI-II)를 실시하였다. 그 결과, 일-가정 다중역할 부정적 경험이 내재화 문제에 미치는 직접효과가 유의하였고, 사회지향성의 매개효과를 검증한 결과, 일-가정 다중역할 부정적 경험과 내재화 문제의 관계에서 사회지향성의 간접효과가 통계적으로 유의하였다. 이러한 결과는 미취학 자녀를 가진 전일제 직장여성들이 다중역할을 수행하면서 겪는 부정적 경험이 우울이나 불안과 같은 내재화 문제에 영향을 미칠 때, 사회적 관계를 통해 자기가치감을 확인 받고 사회적 관계에 민감하게 반응하는 인지적 특성이 영향을 미친다는 가능성을 시사한다.

대졸기혼직장 여성이 지각한 사회적 지지와 다중역할 현실성에 따른 집단 분류와 일-가족 갈등의 차이

최윤정 한국여성심리학회 2011 한국심리학회지 여성 Vol.16 No.2

The purpose of the current study was to examine homogeneous grouping of women in terms of social supports-from organization, supervisor and spouse-and three dimensions of multiple-role realistic attitude. Results from K-Means cluster analysis with a sample of married women with full time job(N=184) indicated the presence of four clusters. Four clusters showed significant differences in types of work-family conflict(time-based WFC/FWC, strain-based WFC/FWC). First, ‘family friendly organization-multiple-role realistic attitude’ was characterized by being the highest on multiple-role knowledge/certainty, and organizational and supervisory support. It scored the lowest on all types of WFC. Second, by contrast, ‘nonsocial support-multiple-role unrealistic attitude’ was the lowest on organizational and supervisory support, and very low on the spouse of instrumental support, and multiple-role knowledge/certainty except multiple-role commitment, and multiple-role involvement. It scored highest on all types of WFC. Third, ‘Spouse nonsocial support-multiple-role unrealistic attitude’ scored the lowest on instrumental/emotional support from spouse and multiple-role realistic attitude. It scored very high on the strain based WFC/FWC. Finally, ‘spouse social support-multiple-role unrealistic attitude’ scored the highest on spousal support, but realtively low on multiple-role realistic attitude and organizational support. It scored moderately high on the strain based WFC.

대졸 기혼 직장여성의 개인특성, 환경적 지지 및 일-가족 다중역할 갈등 완화 간의 관계

최윤정,김계현 한국상담심리학회 2010 한국심리학회지 상담 및 심리치료 Vol.22 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 여성 진로 상담을 위한 생태학적 관점과 인접학문 분야에서 연구되어 온 일-가족 갈등에 관한 연구 결과들을 바탕으로, 책략적 성격과 환경적 지지(배우자의 지지, 가족 친화 조직문화)가 다중역할 현실성 태도를 매개로 일-가족 다중역할 갈등에 직간접적으로 영향을 미치는 인과적 구조모형을 설정하고, 그 적합도와 개별 변수의 영향력을 살펴보는 데 있다. 연구를 위해서 웹 설문을 통해 대졸 기혼 직장 여성 199명의 자료를 수집하였다. 2단계 접근법을 활용한 구조방정식 모형으로 자료를 분석한 결과, 측정변수들이 해당 잠재변수를 적절하게 설명하였으며, 본 연구에서 가정한 일-가족 다중역할 갈등 완화에 대한 인과적 구조모형이 수집된 자료에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 구체적인 경로를 살펴보면, 책략적 성격의 개인특성은 다중역할 현실성 태도를 긍정적으로 향상시킴으로써 일-가족 다중역할 갈등을 완화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 배우자의 지지는 다중역할 현실성 태도를 매개로 일-가족 다중역할 갈등을 완화시키지만 직접경로는 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 가족 친화 조직문화는 직접적으로 일-가족 다중역할 갈등을 완화시키지만 다중역할 현실성 태도를 매개로 하는 간접 경로는 유의하지 않았다. 끝으로, 다중역할 현실성 태도는 일-가족 다중역할 갈등을 완화시키는 중요한 매개 변수로 확인되었다. Given an ecological perspective of career counseling for women(Cook, Heppner, & O'Brien, 2002) and multidisciplinary literature concerning work-family conflicts, the current study article presents a buffering model of work-family multiple-role conflict. Structural equation modeling was employed to test this conceptual model with a sample of Korean employed mothers(N=199). Results indicated that the hypothesized model fitted into data at acceptable level. Findings as followed: 1) the multiple-role realism directly decreased work-family multiple-role conflicts; 2) proactive personality influenced positively the multiple-role realism and, in turn, decreased the work-family multiple-role conflicts; 3) spousal support indirectly lessened the work-family multiple-role conflicts through multiple-role realism; 4) work-family friendly culture significantly buffered the work-family multiple-role conflicts. Implications for practice and research on career counseling for employed mother were provided.

유자녀 직장여성의 다중역할 경험의 질에 따른 군집별 심리적 및 환경적 특징의 차이

김신희,양은주 한국여성심리학회 2012 한국심리학회지 여성 Vol.17 No.1

The present study examined the subgroups of working mothers divided by work-family gains, work-family strains, work-parenting gains and work-parenting strains. Results from a cluster analysis with a sample of married and employed women with the youngest children under 12 years old (N=196) indicated the presence of three clusters. Cluster 1 was characterized by greater multiple role strains, lower satisfaction with life, a higher depression score, and more difficulties in work-family balance. This group also reported taking more responsibilities for household chores and parenting. Therefore, this group was named ‘multiple role conflicts type’. By contrast, Cluster 2 showed the characteristics of greater multiple role gains, more satisfaction with life, a lower depression score, and more balance in work-family roles. Individuals in this cluster also reported less responsibilities for household chores and parenting. Based on these characteristics, Cluster 2 was named ‘multiple role enrichment type’. Finally, Cluster 3 showed an average level of multiple role gains and strains. Based on these characteristics, Cluster 3 was named ‘multiple role neutral type’. The implications and suggestion for future studies were discussed.

다중역할의 상호향상 효과

김효선(Hyo Sun Kim),김옥선(Ock Son Kim) 한국경영학회 2010 經營學硏究 Vol.39 No.2

As dual earner partners and single parents in workplace increases, issue of work and family lives and the effect of multiple roles are receiving attentions from both academic researchers and business firms. This study focused on the advantages and the positive aspects of multiple roles rather than the negative effects such as work-family conflict, stress, and impaired wellbeing. We proposed that participating in multiple roles leads the positive interdependencies between work and family roles. Greenhaus & Powell(2006) called the process as “the workfamily enrichment” and defined it as the extent to which experiences in one role improve the quality of life in the other roles. They specified the conditions under which work and family roles become allies rather than enemies. Following Greenhaus & Powell, this article examined positive spillover between family and work lives, which results in work-family enrichment. Greenhaus & Powell proposed five types of resources that can be generated in a role: skills and perspectives, material resources, flexibility, psychological and physical resources, and social-capital resources. Skills refer to a broad set of task-related cognitive and interpersonal skills, coping skills, multitasking skills, and knowledge and wisdom derived from role experience, and perspectives involve ways of perceiving or handling situation, such as respecting individual difference, valuing differences in cultural background, being understanding of other people’s problems, and learning the value of trust. Material resources include money and gifts obtained from work and family roles. Flexibility refers to discretion to determine the timing, pace, and location at which role requirements are met. Psychological and physical resources include positive self-evaluations, such as self-efficacy, self-esteem and physical health. Role experiences also provide resources through the acquisition of social capital. The goodwill engendered by the fabric of social relations can be mobilized to facilitate action. This research examines the positive spillover between work and family domains by measuring the resources acquired from performing the role in one domain and relating them to the Work to Family Spillover and Family to Work Spillover. We used the data of 1,138 employed and married women surveyed by Korean Women’s Development Institute for 1st KLoWF(Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women & Family) in 2007. KLoWF covers huge data of 10,000 women’s economic status development and their relationship with family life, family formation process, and the change of family structure along their life-cycle. This data is extensively useful to research work-family life balance and workfamily life transition. As expected, we found the existence of positive spillover of resources between work and family domains. The hypothesis that psychological and physical resources derived from performing the role at workplace would positively related to the work to family positive spillover is fully supported and material resources partially affected work to family spillover. On the other hand, flexibility and psychological and physical resources acquired from family partially increased family to work positive spillover. We also hypothesized that resources derived from each domain contributed to the positive spillover in reverse direction. That is, resources from family domain could affect work to family positive spillover, not only family to work positive spillover, and vice versa. The results showed that psychological and physical resources in family domain significantly increased work to family positive spillover, and psychological and physical resources in workplace significantly affect to the family to work positive spillover. In conclusion, this research clarified the existence of positive spillover between work and family lives and the significant effects of the resources in one role to the performance and the quality of life in other role. Especial

체육교사의 다중역할이 직무만족에 미치는 영향

정성국(Jeoog Seong-Kook),신승엽(Shin Seung-Yup) 한국체육과학회 2006 한국체육과학회지 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of physical teachers' multiple role of teaching profession on job satisfaction. To achieve the aim of this study, we examined the effect of physical teachers' multiple role. To set up the object of this study, 153 middle and high school physical education teachers were picked up by means of random sampling. The conclusions of this study were as follows; First, job awareness of job satisfactions was statistically affected by a course instruct and a life instruct of multiple roles, and personal relations was affected by an administration business, a course instruct and a life instruct. Second, working environment of job satisfactions was statistically affected by a course instruct and personal development of multiple roles for physical educator, and was not affected by an administration business, an athletic club instruct and a life instruct. Third, treatment compensation of job satisfactions was statistically affected by an athletic club instruct and a course instruct of multiple roles, was not affected by an administration business, a personal development and a life instruct of multiple roles.

인문,사회과학편 : 중등 체육교사의 직무수행에 대한 사회적 지원이 다중역할 수행에 미치는 영향

조홍식(HongSikCho) 한국체육학회 2010 한국체육학회지 Vol.49 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 중등 체육교사들의 직무수행에 대한 사회적 지원과 다중역할수행에 대해 어떻게 인식하고 있으며, 이러한 사회적 지원이 다중역할수행에 얼마나 많은 영향을 미치는가를 규명하는데 있다. 이러한 연구의 목적을 달성하기 경기도에 재직하고 있는 체육교사를 대상으로 편의표본 추출법(convenience sampling)을 사용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 총 247부의 설문지로 SPSS(var14.0) 통계프로그램의 기술통계분석과 다중회귀분석을 사용하여 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 직무수행의 사회적 지원에 대한 체육교사들의 인식 중 정보지원에 대한 인식은 높게 나타났으나, 평가지원에 대한 인식은 낮게 나타났다. 둘째, 다중역할수행에 대한 체육교사들의 인식 중 인간관계에 대한 인식은 높게 나타났으나, 교과수업 요인은 인식정도가 낮게 나타났다. 셋째, 체육교사의 직무수행에 대한 사회적 지원은 다중역할수행에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤으나, 물적지원과 평가지원 요인은 부분적으로 영향을 미치지 않았다. The purpose of this study was to investigate how physical education teachers perceived social support and their multiple roles and how much social support would affect their performance of their multiple roles. For that purpose, a survey was taken among secondary physical education teachers in Gyeonggi Province through convenience sampling. The questionnaire consisted of items about social support and multiple roles. Total 247 questionnaires were collected and treated with SPSS Ver. 14.0 program. After descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis, the following results were produced. first, the physical education teachers didn't have very high or positive perceptions of social support provided to them. Their perception level was high for information support but low for evaluation support. Secondly, their perception level of performing multiple roles was not very high or positive, either. But they recorded a high perception level in the factor of human relationships. And finally, the social support for the physical education teachers had statistically significant impacts on their performance of their multiple roles. However, physical support and evaluation support among social support's sub-factors didn't.