혼합 연구방법에서의 패러다임(paradigm)의 혼합

이원석(Lee,Won-Suk) 고려대학교 교육문제연구소 2011 敎育問題硏究 Vol.0 No.39

최근 교육 연구나 교육 평가 분야에서 혼합 연구방법에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있지만 아직까지 연구 현장에서의 혼합 연구방법의 활용은 단순히 양적 자료와 질적 자료를 동시에 사용하는 수준에 그치는 경우가 대부분이다. 하지만 실질적인 연구방법의 혼합은 패러다임의 혼합에서 이루어진다고 볼때 이러한 단순한 양적, 질적 자료의 활용으로는 혼합 연구방법의 장점을 충분히 활용하지 못한다고 할 수 있다. 이에 본 논문은 혼합 연구방법의 철학적 기반이라고 할 수 있는 패러다임의 혼합에 대한 논의를 통해 혼합 연구방법의 장점을 극대화할 수 있는 방안을 모색하였다. 이를 위해 우선 혼합 연구방법의 의의와 장점을 살펴 본 후, 혼합 연구방법에서의 패러다임의 혼합에 대한 논쟁을 검토하였다. 또한 패러다임의 혼합에 대한 변증법적 입장을 토대로 패러다임 혼합의 네 가지 특징으로서 상이한 패러다임에 대한 개방성, 패러다임 혼합의 의도성, 패러다임의 차이에 대한 존중, 패러다임 혼합의 실제성을 도출하였다. 마지막으로 패러다임 혼합에 관한 사례를 소개함으로써 이러한 패러다임의 혼합이 현장에서 어떻게 이루어질 수 있는지 예시하였다. Using mixing methods on the technical level is very common phenomena in educational research and evaluation in recent years. But, many researchers and evaluators can not utilize the fullest potential of mixed methods, though they routinely use a mix of different methods in their works. And at the level of philosophical assumptions, that is, of paradigms, there has been ongoing debate. The debate on paradigm is very meaningful not only for the legitimacy of mixed methods but also for the maximization of strengths of mixed methods. From this perspective this article investigates strengths of mixed methods, the meaning of mixing paradigms in mixed methods, and how the mixing paradigms can be related to the maximization of strengths of mixed methods. Finally, this article illustrates how mixing paradigm is occurred in practice throgugh a case of mixed methods inquiry.

Novel evaluation method for the continuous mixing process of bimodal particles

Park, Chanho,Kim, Junghwan,Landon, Robert S.,Lyu, Byeonggil,Cho, Hyungtae,Moon, Il Elsevier Sequoia 2019 Powder technology Vol.344 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The continuous mixing process of powder is used in many industries. Careful evaluation of the degree of the mixing is essential to enhance equipment performance. However, no single evaluation method has been universally adopted for the continuous mixing process of bimodal particles due the methods' poor applicability across multiple process concepts. Presented here are two indices to evaluate mixing in the transverse and axial directions. In this study, the indices are estimated at steady state based on Variance among Bimodal Bin Counts (VBBC), which was introduced as an evaluation method of a bimodal particle mixing system in our previous study. The VBBC mixing index for a continuous mixer is introduced to evaluate the transverse mixing of particles, while an axial stability factor is introduced to evaluate the mixing in the axial direction, which is indicative of the consistency of the process. The importance of each index depends on the characteristics of the process. Therefore, several strategies are suggested for applying the methods to practical cases. In addition, a hypothetical example is presented to illustrate their application: five continuous mixers having differently angled blades are assumed because the blade angle is the most easily modifiable design factor. The bimodal particle mixing processes are simulated using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). Based on the application example, both indices are calculated and the optimal design of a screw is suggested.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Novel method is developed to evaluate the continuous powder mixing process. </LI> <LI> Variance among Bimodal Bin Counts is adopted for the novel method. </LI> <LI> The method includes two indices to evaluate the transverse and the axial mixing. </LI> <LI> Several strategies are introduced to apply the method to practical systems. </LI> <LI> Five continuous powder mixers are simulated with DEM and evaluated with the method. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

양적 방법과 질적 방법의 통합에 대하여

김미숙 한국교육사회학회 2006 교육사회학연구 Vol.16 No.3

우리 교육학계에서 양적 방법과 질적 방법을 통합한 연구에 대해서 필요성은 간헐적으로 제기되었 으나, 그에 대한 진지한 학문적 논의는 거의 이루어지지 않아왔다. 이 논문은 통합연구의 활성화를 위한 사전 작업으로서 몇 가지 문제들을 다루었다. 연구자는 먼저 양적 방법과 질적 방법의 차이가 무엇인가를 간단히 짚어 본 후, 통합연구에 대한 찬성론과 반대론자들은 어떻게 통합 연구를 바라보 고 있으며, 구체적으로 통합연구에는 어떠한 유형들이 있으며, 통합연구를 수행할 때 고려할 사항들 이 무엇인가를 제시하였다. 연구자는 질적 연구와 양적 연구를 통합한 연구들이 필요하며, 그 가능성 도 있고 발전시킬 가치가 있다고 생각하지만, 통합연구를 수행할 때 몇 가지 고려할 점이 있다고 강 조하였다. 그것은 연구 설계의 중요성 그리고 상이한 방법론과 그에 근거한 연구결과에 대하여 성급 한 수렴보다는 지속적인 긴장과 성찰이 이루어질 때 통합연구가 더욱 발전할 수 있다는 것이다. Even though the need to combine quantitative and qualitative methods into a mixed method has been raised intermittently, only few studies have been carried out in this area. In this paper, I introduced the mixed method research in an attempt to aid researchers utilize more various research methods and advance studies of education more creatively. To do so, I first briefly discussed the difference between quantitative and qualitative method. Then I addressed the views of pros and cons of mixed method research, classification of mixed method research, and a number of points to be considered in employing mixed method research. And even though I appreciate the need for the mixed method research and its potentials, I emphasized the importance of well established research design, professional training on methodology, and maintenance of tension and reflexivity in reporting results from different methods rather than hastily converging them.

Direct reconstruction method for discontinuous Galerkin methods on higher-order mixed-curved meshes I. Volume integration

You, Hojun,Kim, Chongam Elsevier 2019 Journal of computational physics Vol.395 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This work deals with the development of the direct reconstruction method (DRM) and its application to the volume integration of the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method on multi-dimensional high-order mixed-curved meshes. The conventional quadrature-based DG methods require the humongous computational cost on high-order curved elements due to their non-linear shape functions. To overcome this issue, the flux function is directly reconstructed in the physical domain using nodal polynomials on a target space in a quadrature-free manner. Regarding the target space and distribution of the nodal points, DRM has two variations: the brute force points (BFP) and shape function points (SFP) methods. In both methods, one nodal point corresponds to one nodal basis function of the target space. The DRM-BFP method uses a set of points that empirically minimizes a condition number of the generalized Vandermonde matrix. In the DRM-SFP method, the conventional nodal points are used to span an enlarged target space of the flux function. It requires a larger number of reconstruction points than DRM-BFP but offers easy extendability to the higher-degree polynomial space and a better de-aliasing effect. A robust way to compute orthonormal polynomials is provided to achieve lower round-off errors. The proposed methods are validated by the 2-D/3-D Navier-Stokes equations on high-order mixed-curved meshes. The numerical results confirm that the DRM volume integration greatly reduces the computational cost and memory overhead of the conventional quadrature-based DG methods on high-order curved meshes while maintaining an optimal order-of-accuracy as well as resolving the flow physics accurately.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> As a quadrature-free method, the DRM framework is proposed and applied to the volume integration of DG methods for the Navier-Stokes equations. </LI> <LI> According to the target space and interpolation nodes, DRM-BFP and DRM-SFP are developed on multi-dimensional higher-order mixed-curved mesh. </LI> <LI> Through numerical analyses and computations, efficiency and accuracy of DRM are extensively validated on higher-order mixed curved mesh. </LI> </UL> </P>

상담 분야 혼합연구 동향분석

권경인 ( Kyung In Kwon ),양정연 ( Jung Yeon Yang ) 충남대학교 교육연구소 2014 교육연구논총 Vol.35 No.1

본 연구는 상담 분야 혼합연구의 최근 동향을 탐색하기 위해 2000년부터 2013년 상반기까지 국내 학술지(상담학연구, 청소년상담연구, 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료)에 게재된 상담 분야 혼합연구 59편을 분석하였다. 연구 분석을 위해 사용한 평정 기준은 연구방법, 연구대상, 연구주제, 혼합연구 설계방식 등이었다. 14년 동안 국내 학술지에 게재된 혼합연구 동향을 분석한 결과, 연구방법으로는 프로그램효과연구가 가장 많이 사용된 것으로 나타났으며, 연구대상은 청소년 대상이 10편(16.9%)으로 가장 많았다. 혼합연구 설계방식에 따라 분류했을 때, 동시적-내재 31편(52.5%), 순차적-탐구 25편(42.4%), 동시적-삼각화 3편(5.1%) 순으로 나타났다. 혼합연구 설계모형을 제시한 연구는 2편(3.4%), 혼합연구 설계목적을 밝힌 연구는 36편(61%)으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 국내 학술지에 게재된 혼합연구의 동향을 분석한 결과를 바탕으로 향후 상담 분야 혼합연구의 발전을 위한 시사점을 제시하였다. This study conducted a content analysis of 59 mixed methods research published in Korean counseling-related journals, between 2000 and 2013. The journals included were The Korean Journal of Counseling, The Korea Journal of Youth Counseling, The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy. The analysis focused on research methods, participants, topics, mixed methods design. Results revealed that process and outcome most widely used method. while adolescents were most popularly studied in mixed methods research(n=10; 16.9%). Research designs used in mixed method studies were concurrent nested(n=31; 52.5%), sequential exploratory(n=25; 42.4%) and concurrent triangulation(n=3; 5.1%). Two studies(3.4%) presented a mixed methods design model, and 36 studies(61%) stated their purpose for using mixed methods design. Significance and implications of such results are discussed, and suggestions for improving mixed methods research in counseling are offered.

국제개발협력 프로젝트 평가에 혼합 방법 적용 방안

임형백 충북연구원 2020 지역정책연구 Vol.31 No.1

The debate between quantitative and qualitative methods in social science has a long history. Despite much effort in social science research, quantitative and qualitative methods have many differences and exclusivity, but rather exclusivity is becoming stronger. Some view that the quantitative method and the qualitative method are incompatible, while others view it as incompatible. On the other hand, neither method is perfect and has its own strengths and weaknesses. In particular, in the research, various qualitative and quantitative methods are used depending on the purpose of the researcher, and mixed research has produced useful research results. Mixed method is also called a ‘triangulation’. On the other hand, when evaluating international development cooperation projects, both quantitative and qualitative methods are inevitable. This is because quantitative data such as statistics are not sufficient in the recipient country, and field research is essential. Rather than academic debate, an accurate evaluation of the international development project is necessary. In this paper, the basic problems for comparing quantitative and qualitative methods are divided into eight categories. In addition, the argument that both quantitative and qualitative methods are compatible, that is, the rationale, method, and expected effect of mixed methods were considered. Finally, the application of mixed methods for evaluating international development cooperation projects was divided into seven categories. Above all, in evaluating international development cooperation projects, both quantitative and qualitative methods are used independently of academic debate. In the recipient country, there are not enough quantitative data such as statistics, and there are many things that cannot be measured with quantitative data. In addition, field research must be conducted to evaluate international development cooperation projects, and qualitative research methods such as regional research and interviews are frequently used. In addition, interdisciplinary research, in which researchers with diverse academic backgrounds participate in international development cooperation evaluation, is already premising on a mixed method. 사회과학에서 양적 방법과 질적 방법 간의 논쟁은 역사가 오래되었다. 양적 방법과 질적 방법이 양립불가능한 것으로 보는 견해도 있고, 양립가능한 것으로 보는 견해도 있다. 그러나 학문적 논쟁과는 별개로, 연구에 있어서는 연구자의 목적에 따라 질적 방법과 양적 방법이 다양하게 쓰이고 있으며, 혼합 연구가 유용한 연구결과들을 내놓고 있다. 혼합 방법은 ‘삼각법’이라고 불리기도 한다. 한편 현실적으로 국제개발협력 프로젝트의 평가에 있어서는 양적 방법과 질적 방법을 같이 사용할 수 밖에 없다. 학술적 논쟁보다는 국제개발협력 프로젝트에 대한 정확한 평가를 위해서 필요하다. 왜냐하면 수원국에는 통계와 같은 양적자료가 충분하지도 않을 뿐만 아니라, 현장연구가 필수적이기 때문이다. 실제로 대부분의 국제개발협력 프로젝트 평가는 혼합 방법에 의존한다. 그럼에도 국제개발협력 분야에서 양적 방법, 질적 방법, 혼합 방법에 대한 고찰은 부족하다. 이 논문은 양적 방법과 질적 방법의 비교를 위한 기본 문제를 8개의 범주로 나누어 고찰하였다. 그리고 양적 방법과 질적 방법의 양립이 가능하다는 주장, 즉 혼합 방법의 이론적 근거, 방법, 기대 효과를 고찰하였다. 마지막으로 국제개발협력 프로젝트 평가를 위한 혼합 방법의 적용을 7개의 범주로 나누어 고찰하였다. 무엇보다 국제개발협력 프로젝트의 평가에 있어서는 양적 방법과 질적 방법이 학술적 논쟁과는 별개로 모두 사용되고 있다. 수원국(recipient country)에는 통계 등 양적 자료가 충분하지 않을 뿐더러, 양적 자료로 측정할 수 없는 것이 많다. 또 국제개발협력 프로젝트의 평가는 반드시 현장연구가 수행되어야 하며, 지역연구, 인터뷰 등 질적 연구 방법이 많이 사용되고 있다. 또 평가에 다양한 학문적 배경을 가진 연구자들이 참여하는 학제간(Interdisciplinarity) 연구가 이미 혼합 방법을 전제로하고 있기도 하다.

다레살람시 BRT 사업(Category 포장 설계법 적용) 도로의 AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures(1993) 및 한국형 포장 설계법 적용성 연구

이용구,박건호,박태순 한국아스팔트학회 2022 한국아스팔트학회지 Vol.12 No.2

The BRT route has the characteristic of designing two roads with different traffic operation characteristics because the BRT lane operated only by the BRT bus and the mixed traffic lane where passenger cars, trucks and other vehicles are mixed. These two lanes, BRT and Mixed lanes, are separated by separator. Therefore, the pavement design for BRT lanes and mixed traffic lanes for each of 6 routes has the effect of studying the pavement design for 12 routes. If the category design method, AASHTO Guide for design of pavement structures (1993) design method and Korean pavement design method design method are applied to the project, it is possible to secure data for 36 routes with a total of 3 pavement design methods. By using the data for each pavement design method secured in the way, it is possible to compare and analyze the difference in pavement thickness with characteristics according to the pavement design method. In addition, by clearly defining the differences according to the pavement design method, it is judged that further research can be presented in the future by identifying the shortcomings of the pavement design method being used. By using the data for each pavement design method secured in the way, it is possible to compare and analyze the difference in pavement thickness with characteristics according to the pavement design method. In addition, by clearly defining the differences according to the pavement design method, it is judged that further research can be presented in the future by identifying the shortcomings of the pavement design method being used.

Using a Mixed Method : A Qualitative and Quantitative Data Analysis of Mental Health among Filipino Migrant Workers in Japan and Korea

Yuko Ohara HIRANO 질적연구학회 2007 질적연구 Vol.8 No.2

The mixed­method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative data analysis. In this paper, the advantage of using mixed­method is discussed through presenting actual data of mental health among Filipino migrant workers in Japan and Korea. Out of eleven approaches to combining qualitative and quantitative methods identified by Punch (Punch, 2006), the author of this study use the mixed­methods to make qualitative research facilitates quantitative research, to generalize the problem, and to use qualitative method to facilitate the interpretation of relationships between variables which is obtained through quantitative method. Throughout the study, one can say that using mixed­method is an effective method especially when researchers focusing on the social­cultural factors.

Relationships Among Characteristic Finite Element Methods for Advection-Diffusion Problems

CHEN, ZHANGXIN 한국산업정보응용수학회 2002 한국산업정보응용수학회 Vol.6 No.1

Advection-dominated transport problems possess difficulties in the design of numerical methods for solving them. Because of the hyperbolic nature of advective transport, many characteristic numerical methods have been developed such as the classical characteristic method, the Eulerian-Lagrangian method, the transport diffusion method, the modified method of characteristics, the operator splitting method, the Eulerian-Lagrangian localized adjoint method, the characteristic mixed method, and the Eulerian-Lagrangian mixed discontinuous method. In this paper relationships among these characteristic methods are examined. In particular, we show that these sometimes diverse methods can be given a unified formulation. This paper focuses on characteristic finite element methods. Similar examination can be presented for characteristic finite difference methods.

A Novel Two-Step Tensegrity Topology-Finding Method Based on Mixed Integer Programming and Nonlinear Programming

Xian Xu,Shaoxiong Huang,Tingting Shu,Yafeng Wang,Yao-Zhi Luo 한국강구조학회 2022 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.22 No.4

A two-step topology-fi nding method based on mixed integer programming and nonlinear programming is proposed for tensegrity structures. In the fi rst step, feasible and symmetric strut connectivities are obtained through a ground structure method combined with mixed integer programming; in the second step, the cable connectivities are optimized through nonlinear programming to obtain a feasible tensegrity structure. The same ground structure used in the fi rst step is adopted in the second step, which is benefi cial to fi nd a more symmetric cable layout. The independent continuous mapping method is used in the second step to convert the 0–1 binary variables of cable connectivities to continuous variables to transform the combinatorial optimization problem into a nonlinear programming problem. The number of strut lengths is adopted as a control parameter and a symmetry objective function is proposed to generate a variety of regular and symmetric tensegrity structures. A multi-stage computation scheme is proposed to improve the computational effi ciency. Typical examples are carried out to validate the proposed method. The computational effi ciency of the method is benchmarked with existing methods fully based on mixed integer programming. Results demonstrate that the computational effi ciency of the proposed method is signifi cantly improved compared to the existing methods.