한국 제조업 소공인의 경쟁력 분석을 위한 국가간 비교연구

최세경,곽규태 중소벤처기업연구원 2017 중소기업정책연구 Vol.2 No.4

Growth of manufacturing industry, which accounts for a high proportion of Korea’s GDP, has continued to decline. According to the manufacturing industry, the growth rate of micro manufacturing industry in Korea has also declined. Given the importance of micro manufacturing industry as the foundation of manufacturing value chain, it should have international competitiveness to drive the growth of the Korea economy. This study analyzes the competitiveness of micro manufacturing industry in Korea and other countries and presents policy implications. As a result of the analysis, Korea micro manufacturing industry is the most outstanding OECD country in contributing to the national economy and contributing to job creation. In case of domestic competitiveness, the following are the more competitive manufacturing industries than others. ‘Manufacturing of electronic components, computers, video, sound and communication equipment’, ‘other machinery and equipment manufacturing’, ‘Chemical and chemical products manufacturing’, ‘Medical, precision, optical equipment and watch manufacturing’, ‘Electrical equipment manufacturing’ etc. 한국 GDP의 상당 부분을 차지하는 제조업의 지속적인 성장 률 하락은 제조업의 하부구조를 담당하는 소공인에서도 그대 로 이어지고 있다. 오랜 기간에 걸쳐 축적된 기술 노하우를 바 탕으로 한국의 제조업의 밑바탕이 되는 소공인의 중요성을 감 안할 때, 한국 소공인이 국제 경쟁력을 갖추어 국가경제의 성 장을 견인할 수 있도록 정책적 방향을 제시하는 것이 필요하 다. 본 연구는 도시형소공인 대상의 19개 제조업종별 국내 경 쟁력 분석과 한국을 포함한 선진국 간의 소공인 제조업별 국 제 경쟁력을 분석하여 한국 소공인 제조업종의 성장잠재력을 파악하고 정책적 시사점을 도출했다. 분석 결과, 소공인 대상 19개 제조업종 중 ‘전자부품,컴퓨터,영상,음향및통신장비제조 업’, ‘기타기계및장비제조업’, ‘화학물질및화학제품제조업;의약품 제외’, ‘의료,정밀,광학기기및시계제조업’, ‘전기장비제조업’, ‘식 료품제조업’이 탁월한 국내 경쟁력을 지니고 있었다. 또한 한 국은 소공인 제조업의 국가경제 기여도와 일자리 창출 기여도 에 있어 OECD 국가 중에서 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

중국제조2025와 철강산업의 연관분석

최정석 ( Choi Jung Seok ),김형근 ( Kim Hyung Geun ) 한중사회과학학회 2018 한중사회과학연구 Vol.16 No.4

The characteristics of China’s manufacturing industry are large, lacking in competitiveness, and there is a clear gap between developed countries’ manufacturing in the fields of independent innovation capacity, resource utilization efficiency, industrial structure level. It is necessary to restructure the entire manufacturing industry. The Chinese government released "China Manufacturing 2025" on May 8, 2015, and officially announced it on May 19. In particular, it focuses on eco-friendly improvement of traditional manufacturing facilities that have been the basis of economic growth in the past, such as the steel industry. Specifically, it is a traditional manufacturing industry such as steel and related ineffectiveness of facilities and factories are being applied. As a result, the following results were obtained. First, according to the results of analysis of the influence coefficient of Chinese steel industry in 2012, it was derived in the order of special equipment manufacturing, other manufacturing and weighing/measuring equipment manufacturing. As a result of the analysis, in 2007, if the conventional traditional manufacturing industries such as metal products, electricity, machinery and equipment manufacturing, metal smelting and rolling industry, It can be concluded that the rear industry group, which has added technical and expertise, has been changed. Second, the sensitivity coefficients of the Chinese steel industry in 2012 were analyzed in the order of chemical industry, metal smelting and rolling, and power/heating production and supply. Compared with the results in 2007, it can be seen that the downstream industries of the steel industry, that is, the raw materials industry and the raw materials industry, which are the basis of the traditional manufacturing industry in China, It is possible to analyze why the Chinese government’s Chinese manufacturing 2025 strategy is being pursued.

한국 제조업의 환경경제효율성 분석

김종호 ( Jongho Kim ),김호석,공현숙,이수일 한국환경연구원 2018 사업보고서 Vol.2018 No.-

In Rio+20 held in 2012, the green economy attracted attention as a key instrument and strategy for achieving sustainable development. The importance of a green economy has been newly highlighted in the context of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development by the United Nations since 2015. In order to establish a systematic strategy for the transition to a green economy, it is necessary to diagnose and analyze the status and level of greening for domestic industries. This study focuses on the residuals(e.g, air emissions, wastewater, solid waste) that have not been noticed in previous studies on eco-efficiency, diagnoses eco-efficiency of the manufacturing industry which has heavily contributed to the 'graying' of the Korean economy. Also, using information on environmental protection expenditure, this research analyzes the extent to which existing pollution abatement activities affected eco-efficiency and pollutants. The residuals are divided into 3 areas such as air emissions, wastewater and solid waste. For air emissions, NO_X, SO_X and PM₁₀ emissions are analyzed. The main emission sectors of NO_X are non-metallic mineral products and basic metals manufacturing industries. The eco-efficiency of these two industries is notably lower than other manufacturing industries, and has not improved over time. According to the results of decomposition analysis on NO_X emissions, environmental protection expenditure was found to have the greatest effect on emission reduction. The analysis result of SO_X emissions is generally similar to that of NO_X. In the case of PM₁₀, as well as NO_X and SO_X, the eco-efficiency of 'non-metallic mineral products & primary metals manufacturing industry', which has a very high proportion of emissions, is significantly lower than other manufacturing industries. On the other hand, unlike NO_X or SO_X, structural change was the most significant contributor to emission reduction. This can be said to mean that the environmental investment of companies to reduce air pollutant emissions was mainly made in the reduction of NO_X and SO_X. In the wastewater area, wastewater and BOD discharge are analyzed. Wastewater discharge by the manufacturing industry is generally increasing. The eco-efficiency of fabricated metal products and machinery & equipment manufacturing industries - which are main sectors of wastewater discharge - is lower than the manufacturing industry average, but has improved. According to the results of the decomposition analysis, the scale effect was the main factor for increasing wastewater discharge, and the main factor for reducing the wastewater discharge was environmental protection expenditure. The results of analysis for BOD discharge loads are similar to that of wastewater discharge. In solid waste areas, analysis was conducted on the amount of industrial waste disposal. The amount of disposal in the manufacturing industry is gradually decreasing. Unlike air or wastewater domains, wood and paper manufacturing and printing industries are the main sector of industrial waste disposal. However, the eco-efficiency of these industries is the lowest among the manufacturing industries and has not improved over time. The relatively low eco-efficiency of industries with a high proportion of residual emissions is a common phenomenon in all 3 areas. And environmental protection expenditure contributed to the reduction of the disposal amount, which is the same as the case for wastewater. The eco-efficiency analysis and decomposition analysis on residuals would provide useful information for establishing pollution abatement policies. However, it is necessary to develop multidimensional analysis methods based on more accurate and detailed data, which have time series consistency and have the same classification between environmental data and economic data.

DEA를 활용한 제조 및 서비스 산업의 기술혁신활동 효율성 비교 연구

서용윤,김문수 대한산업공학회 2011 산업공학 Vol.24 No.4

This research aims at conducting a comparative study on the relative efficiency of technologically innovative activities between manufacturing and service industries using data envelopment analysis (DEA). First, as an individual approach, efficiency of technologically innovative activities between manufacturing and service industries is separately evaluated. The results show that efficiency of both industries is similarly low, but patterns of technologically innovative activities differ from each other. Manufacturing industries usually do innovation focusing on various outputs with a single input, whereas service industries tend to do innovation emphasizing on a single output with mixed inputs. Second, as a holistic approach to both industries, efficiency is collectively assessed. The analysis demonstrates that efficiency of service industries is higher than that of manufacturing industries, and there are similar patterns of technologically innovative activities between both manufacturing and service industries. This study provides industrial managers with policy implications based on similarities and differences between manufacturing and service industries.

일부 지역 제조업체 안전·보건관계자들의 지식 및 태도에 관한 연구

송영표,리갑수,이성수,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1996 순천향산업의학 Vol.2 No.1

The useful preventive measure for industrial accidents in manufacturing industries could be achieved through automation, education of workers on safety, proper work practice and etc. The success of prevention of industrial accident could be haevily relied on the awareness of accident prevention of workers and management personnel in each industries. In order to obtain general awareness of industrial accident in terms of knowledge and attitude and to provide useful information for the proper preventive measure of industrial accident, questionnaire survey was done with manufacturing industries in Chunan area which has 5 and more workers. Questionnaire with 50 question items were sent to 570 relevant personnels in 471 manufacturing industries. Out of 560, 460 relevant personnel replied to the questionnaire. The results obtained were as follow; 1. While most manufacturing industries(391 industries, 86.7%) under study reported that they had full time occupational safety and health personnel, only 30 manufacturing industries(6.5%) with legal requirement of such personnel did not have relevant ones. 2. Most popular position for the personnel of safety and health duty were section chief(33.2%), and 46.8% of safety and health personnel were in the age group of 30-39. Whereas 66.9% of them were titled as production chief and management chief. 3. Most safety and health personnel(98.5%) reported that disseminated information from professional organization of occupational safety and health were very useful to carry out their safety and health duties. 4. Eight one percent respondent received safety education from governmental organization or affiliated institute and most of them (97.3%) reported that such education was very effective. 5. While 61.8% of respondent reported the necessity of field inspection by inspector for routine and consultation, 30.0% of respondent wanted document inspection without real field inspection. But most respondent replied that such inspections were useful for conducting safety and health prevention. 6. While 93.7% of respondent thought that accident prevention were helpful for production, 88.8% and 86.0 of them replied that accident prevention could influence the cost of production and quality of products, respectively which eventually influenced the competitiveness of each industries. 7. Eighty five percent of respondent replied that accident could be prevented with educational, personal and material resources. 8. While 96.5% of respondent replied that their industries provided safety education, out of them 26.2% industries thought that their safety education were superficial. The most popular frequency of safety education was once per month(56.0%) and 31.0% industries provided once a week. On the other hand 13.1% of industries provided every day safety education on regular basis. 9. While 45.2% of respondent replied that employer had strong commitment for safety and health, 41.3% of respondent replied that there were some changes and progression of employer's attitude for safety and health issues. 10. While 49.2% of respondent replied the necessity of legal requirement of safety personnel, 45.8% of respondent replied that voluntary requirement for safety personnel were more practical and helpful for accident prevention. 11. The necessity of periodic health examination were replied from most respondent(90.0%) and 73.0% of respondent thought that periodic health examination were helpful for the promotion of worker's health, but 56.4% of respondent criticized that periodic health examination were superficial and needed revision of content and method of periodic health examination. 12. Most respondent(92.7%) agreed the necessity of environmental measurement and 64.4% of respondent had their confidence on the result of environmental measurement, whereas 56.7% of respondent replied that their industries were repaired and improved according to the recommendation of environmental measurement and 85.6% of respondent replied that some kind of countermeasure for the recommendation such as supplies of personal protective equipments were done.

지식산업센터 입주 중소기업 취득세 감면의 쟁점분석과 개선과제

정월용 아주대학교 법학연구소 2024 아주법학 Vol.18 No.3

아파트형공장 감면에서 출발한 지식산업센터 입주 중소기업 취득세 감면은 과거 제 조업은 반드시 공장시설을 갖추어야 한다는 획일적인 개념에서 해석하였으나, 오늘날 산업구조가 도시화, 첨단화됨에 따라 사업장에 제조시설이 없는 제조업((이하 ‘OEM 제조업’이라 한다)의 지식산업센터 입주가 증가하면서 OEM 제조업이 「산업집적활성 화 및 공장설립에 관한 법률」(이하 ‘산집법’이라 한다)에 따른 제조업에 해당하는지 문 제가 되고 있다. OEM 제조업이 지식산업센터에 입주할 수 있는가의 문제에서 과거 환경부 및 산업통상자원부는 OEM 제조업은 지식산업센터에 입주할 수 없다고 유권해 석하였으나, 2023년 규제개혁 신문고는 한국표준산업분류표상 OEM 제조업에 해당한 다면 지식산업센터에 입주가 가능하다고 유권해석을 변경하였다. 이는 OEM 제조업 형태의 중소기업의 지식산업센터 입주를 촉진하는 결과를 가져왔다. 지식산업센터 입주 중소기업에 대하여 취득세를 감면하기 위해서는 산집법에 따른 사업시설용 즉 제조업 해당 여부가 하나의 감면요건에 해당한다. 즉 OEM 제조업이 산집법에 따른 제조업에 해당한다면 취득세 감면대상이 되나, 제조업에 해당하지 않는 다면 감면대상에서 제외된다. 과세실무와 조세심판원은 과거 아파트형공장의 개념을 근거로 지식산업센터 내에 반드시 제조시설이 있어야만 감면대상 제조업으로 판단하 고 있다. 즉 지식산업센터에 입주한 OEM 제조업은 취득세 감면대상에 해당하지 않는 다는 것이다.. 그러나 대법원은 산집법에서 규정하는 제조업이란 한국표준산업분류에 따른 제조업을 말하는 것이므로 한국표준산업분류상 제조업으로 분류되는 OEM 제조 업은 제조업에 해당한다고 하였다. 본 연구에서는 OEM 제조업이 산집법에 따른 제조업에 해당한다는 대법원의 견해를 지지하고 이를 명확히 하고자 산집법에서 규정하고 있는 제조업의 범위에 OEM 제조 업을 포함하도록 명확히 규정하는 방안을 제안하였다. 또한 지식산업센터 감면은 창업 중소기업 감면, 산업단지 감면 등 유사 감면제도와 비교하여 불합리한 정책적 지원을 받고 있으므로 다음과 같은 개선방안을 제시하였다. 첫째, 35% 감면으로 축소된 취득 세 감면율을 50% 감면으로 상향 조정하는 것을 제안하였다. 둘째, 4년의 의무 사용기 간을 일반적인 감면과 마찬가지로 2년으로 축소 조정하는 것을 제안하였다. 셋째 지식 산업센터 내 직원 복리후생을 위한 기숙사에 대하여 감면대상으로 신설하는 것을 제안 하였다. 넷째 추징요건 발생으로 이자상당가산액을 추가로 과세하는 경우 정당한 사유 가 있는 경우 직접 사용한 기간을 공제하는 것을 제안하였다. The acquisition tax reduction for small and medium-sized enterprises in the knowledge industry center, which started from the reduction of apartment-type factories, has been interpreted as a uniform concept that manufacturing industries must have factory facilities, but as the industrial structure becomes urbanized and advanced today, the number of manufacturing industries (hereinafter referred to as 'OEM manufacturing') without manufacturing facilities in the workplace increases, and it is questionable whether OEM manufacturing falls under the Industrial Cluster Act (hereinafter referred to as the Industrial Cluster Establishment Act). In the past, the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy interpreted that OEM manufacturing could not move into the knowledge industry center, but the 2023 Regulatory Reform Newspaper changed its interpretation that if it falls under the OEM manufacturing industry in the Korean Standard Industrial Classification Table, it can move into the knowledge industry center. This resulted in promoting SMEs in the form of OEM manufacturing to move into the knowledge industry center. In order to reduce acquisition tax for small and medium-sized enterprises residing in the knowledge industry center, one reduction requirement is whether it falls under the business facility under the Industrial Cluster Act, that is, the manufacturing industry. In other words, if the OEM manufacturing industry falls under the manufacturing industry under the Industrial Cluster Act, it is subject to acquisition tax reduction, but if it does not fall under the manufacturing industry, it is excluded from the reduction. Based on the concept of an apartment-type factory in the past, the taxation authority and the Tax Tribunal judge it as a manufacturing business subject to reduction or exemption only if there is a manufacturing plant in the knowledge industry center. In other words, OEM manufacturing industries that move into the knowledge industry center cannot receive acquisition tax reduction or exemption.. However, the Supreme Court said that the manufacturing industry stipulated in the Industrial Cluster Act refers to the manufacturing industry according to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification, so the OEM manufacturing industry classified as the manufacturing industry under the Korean Standard Industrial Classification falls under the manufacturing industry. In this study, to support the Supreme Court's view that OEM manufacturing falls under the Industrial Cluster Act, and to clarify this, a plan was proposed to clearly define OEM manufacturing to be included in the scope of the manufacturing industry stipulated in the Industrial Cluster Act. In addition, the knowledge industry center reduction system is receiving unreasonable policy support compared to similar reduction systems such as the start-up SME reduction system and the industrial complex reduction system, so the following improvement measures were suggested. First, it was proposed to increase the acquisition tax reduction rate, which was reduced to 35% reduction, to 50% reduction. Second, it was proposed to reduce the mandatory four-year usage period to two years, as in general reduction. Third, it was proposed that dormitories for employee welfare benefits in the knowledge industry center be newly established as exemptions. Fourth, it was proposed to deduct the period of direct use if there is a justifiable reason in the case of additional taxation equivalent to interest due to the occurrence of additional requirements.

제조업 산업장의 유기용제 노출에 관한 연구

문덕환,김정하,김필자,박명희,황용식,이채관,이창희 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Objective : For the purpose of preparing the fundamental data and health promotion and control program on organic solvents in air of manufacturing industry. Methods : The author surveyed number of organic solvent components which was used in working site and also determined the organic solvents concentration in air of 927 manufacturing industries and 1,267 working process with gas chromatography(NIOSH manual) for five years from 1995 to 1999. Results : Mean numbers of solvents components by type of industry, working process was number of 12. There were exceeded to TLV of 1,2-dichloroethane in textile manufacturing industry N,N-dimethyl furan in tanning and dressing of leather ; luggage, handbags, saddlery, harness and footwear manufacturing industry and chemical and chemical product manufacturing industry by type of industry. There were exceeded to TLV of 1,2-dichloroethane in handwriting and drawing process, cellosolove in adhesive spreading process, N,N-dimethly furan in production of solvent process and adhesion process by working process. Total exceeded rate to threshold limit values of organic solvents mixture were 12.9% for EI(Exposure index) and 10.0% for Em(Estimation of mixture) by type of industry, 11.3% for EI and 8.2% for Em by type of working process. The highest exceed rate was 36.7% for EI in tanning and dressing of leather ; luggage handbags, saddlery, harness and footwear manufacturing industry and 29.0% for Em in textile manufacturing industry. the highest exceeded rate was 23.1% for EI and 12.5% for Em in adhesive spreading process by working process. Mean values of total subjects by type of industry and type of working process were 0.7±1.8 for EI and 0.7±1.7 for Em respectively. Conclusions : As above results, the author suggest that it makes the environmental control program on 1.2-dichloro-ethane, N,N-dimethyl furan, cellosolve by kind of organic solvent and on textile manufacturing industry, tanning and dressing of leather ; luggage, handbags, saddlery harness and footwear manufacturing industry by type of industry, and on handwriting, drawing process and adhesive spreading process and adhesion process by type of working process.

대구시 제조업의 특성과 대안적 정책과제

이철우(Lee, Chul Woo) 한국지역사회학회 2013 지역사회연구 Vol.21 No.2

Daegu city"s traditional textile industry has declined since the 1980s, while the machine and materials industry, including the assembly of metal products, automobile and other mobile equipment manufacturing, has consistently grown. The structure of Daegu city"s manufacturing industries, which had been traditionally based on the textile industry, has diversified to include the IT convergence industry with mechatronics due to the development of the IT industry since the 1990s, which includes the machine and materials industry. Despite this diversification in industrial structure, the structural problems of manufacturing industries in Daegu city have not improved. In the case of corporate management, the rates of private business and single business are extremely high, indicating a premodern managerial system where ownership and control are not separated. These structural problems lead to the external loss of public confidence toward manufacturing industries in Daegu city. Moreover, firms" capacity in technology innovation is insufficient because few firms have high technology or their own research and development centers. Daegu city"s labor with skills and experience in advanced technology and in research and development keep leaving for the Seoul metropolitan area as well as for other regions, and the small manufacturing firms in Daegu city suffer from a skilled labor shortage in research and technology at the same time. Thus Daegu city"s manufacturers face difficulties in technology and management innovation, weakening the region"s competitiveness in manufacturing. The Daegu city government, however, has made continual efforts with regional industrial policies since the late 1990s to strengthen the competitiveness of manufacturing. These efforts produced tangible achievements for structural improvement and competitiveness by 2010.

The Implementation of Sustainable Manufacturing Practice in Textile Industry: An Indonesian Perspective

Muhardi MUHARDI,Cici CINTYAWATI,Rabiatul ADWIYAH,Norsiah HAMI,Rushanim HASHIM,Salmah OMAR,Shafini Mohd SHAFIE 한국유통과학회 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.11

The intention of this paper is to give a better understanding about the implementation of sustainable manufacturing practice in the textile companies in Indonesia as one of the promising sectors in the manufacturing industry. The data was collected by taking a case study approach in one of the leading textile companies in Indonesia. Questionnaire and interview techniques were used to gather in-depth information about the implementation of a sustainable concept in the company. The result reveals that the extent of the implementation of Sustainable Manufacturing Practices (SMP) in the companies are at a level of moderate to high. From the three dimensions measured which are environment, economy, and social dimensions, the evaluation result shows good performance in terms of the implementation of sustainable concepts, like low level of gas emission, high percentage of renewable energy usage, cost reduction rate, high quality of life, etc. From this result, the authors then develop a sustainable manufacturing model in the wider coverage to be implemented not only in the textile industry but is expected to be implemented in manufacturing sectors as well. This model consists of at least seven basic archetypes which are divided into three dominant areas: technological innovation, economical, and social areas which aim to bring better performance in the manufacturing industry of Indonesia.

제조기업의 디자인 전략으로서 통합적 관점의 제조업의 서비스화 연구

최은미 한국디자인문화학회 2019 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Domestic and foreign manufacturing companies are seeking to create new profits and innovate by converging products and services and developing new business models in order to make a breakthrough in growth and change as they face a diverse consumer demand nature and the industrial environment where customer experience value becomes important. In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, especially as a way of securing and innovating the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry. In these circumstances, the purpose of this study is to address the business issues that small and medium manufacturing companies have and to present the concept and category of manufacturing and the type of service they serve from an integrated and differentiated perspective to support design R&D that is suitable for the Fourth Industrial Revolution era. The scope and method of research is first the theory of manufacturing and service and servitization. Based on this, the concept and category of manufacturing servitization were established by taking into account three integrated perspectives: enterprise, product and customer. In addition, various categories of manufacturing servitization were presented, including the strategies for servitization, the study on the types and characteristics of servitization cases, and the types of service offerings of the product perspective, based on the previously proposed concept and category of manufacturing from an integrated perspective. In particular, four types of servitization were presented from the perspective of product service and product smarting to help small and medium-sized manufacturing companies with various types of products. For small and medium manufacturing companies in need of change and innovation, this paper establishes design strategies that converge products and services through access to various perspectives on servitization, and creates new profits through servitization. 국내외 제조 기업들은 소비자 수요 속성이 다변화되고 고객의 경험 가치가 중요해지는 산업 환경에 직면하여 제품만의 경쟁력으로 더 이상 차별화가 어려워지자 성장과 변화의 돌파구를 마련하고자 제품과서비스의 융합, 새로운 비즈니스 모델 개발을 통해 새로운 수익창출과 혁신을 도모하고 있다. 4차 산업혁명시대, 특히 제조업의 경쟁력 확보 및 혁신을 위한 방안으로서 제조업의 서비스화가 화두가 되고 있지만, 국내 중소 제조 기업들은 아직 “제조업의 서비스화” 의 개념이 무엇이고 어떻게 전략적으로 접근해야 하는지 공감과 이해가 부족한 상황이다. 이와 같은 상황에서 본 연구의 목적은 중소 제조 기업들이 가진 비즈니스 이슈를 해결하고 4차 산업혁명 시대에 적합한제품과 서비스가 융합된 디자인 R&D를 지원할 수 있도록 통합적이고 차별화 된 관점에서 제조업의 서비스화 개념 및 범주 정립, 서비스화 유형을 제시하는것이다. 연구의 범위와 방법은 먼저 제조업 및 서비스, 서비스화의 이론적 배경에 대해서 살펴보았다. 특히 서비타이제이션, PSS, 서비스 R&D에 대한 이론적고찰을 진행하여 다양한 범주의 서비스화에 대한 이해를 도모하였다. 이를 기반으로 기업, 제품, 고객이라는 3가지 통합적인 관점을 고려하여 제조업의 서비스화 개념 및 범주를 정립하였다. 그리고 서비스화 전략, 서비스화 사례 유형 및 특성에 대한 연구, 또한앞서 제안한 통합적인 관점의 제조업의 서비스화 개념 및 범주를 기반으로 제품 관점의 서비스화 유형을비롯한 다양한 범주의 제조업의 서비스화 유형을 제시하였다. 특히 제품의 서비스화, 제품의 스마트화 관점에서 서비스화 유형을 4가지로 제시하여 다양한 유형의 제품을 다루는 중소 제조 기업들의 디자인 R&D 방향성 구축에 도움이 되도록 하였다. 본 논문은 변화와 혁신이 필요한 중소 제조 기업에게 서비스화에 대한 다양한 관점의 접근을 통해 제품과 서비스를 융합한 디자인 전략을 수립하고 서비스화를 통해 새로운수익창출을 견인할 수 있도록 지원을 한다는 것에 의의가 있다.