한국 제조업 소공인의 경쟁력 분석을 위한 국가간 비교연구

최세경,곽규태 중소벤처기업연구원 2017 중소기업정책연구 Vol.2 No.4

Growth of manufacturing industry, which accounts for a high proportion of Korea’s GDP, has continued to decline. According to the manufacturing industry, the growth rate of micro manufacturing industry in Korea has also declined. Given the importance of micro manufacturing industry as the foundation of manufacturing value chain, it should have international competitiveness to drive the growth of the Korea economy. This study analyzes the competitiveness of micro manufacturing industry in Korea and other countries and presents policy implications. As a result of the analysis, Korea micro manufacturing industry is the most outstanding OECD country in contributing to the national economy and contributing to job creation. In case of domestic competitiveness, the following are the more competitive manufacturing industries than others. ‘Manufacturing of electronic components, computers, video, sound and communication equipment’, ‘other machinery and equipment manufacturing’, ‘Chemical and chemical products manufacturing’, ‘Medical, precision, optical equipment and watch manufacturing’, ‘Electrical equipment manufacturing’ etc. 한국 GDP의 상당 부분을 차지하는 제조업의 지속적인 성장 률 하락은 제조업의 하부구조를 담당하는 소공인에서도 그대 로 이어지고 있다. 오랜 기간에 걸쳐 축적된 기술 노하우를 바 탕으로 한국의 제조업의 밑바탕이 되는 소공인의 중요성을 감 안할 때, 한국 소공인이 국제 경쟁력을 갖추어 국가경제의 성 장을 견인할 수 있도록 정책적 방향을 제시하는 것이 필요하 다. 본 연구는 도시형소공인 대상의 19개 제조업종별 국내 경 쟁력 분석과 한국을 포함한 선진국 간의 소공인 제조업별 국 제 경쟁력을 분석하여 한국 소공인 제조업종의 성장잠재력을 파악하고 정책적 시사점을 도출했다. 분석 결과, 소공인 대상 19개 제조업종 중 ‘전자부품,컴퓨터,영상,음향및통신장비제조 업’, ‘기타기계및장비제조업’, ‘화학물질및화학제품제조업;의약품 제외’, ‘의료,정밀,광학기기및시계제조업’, ‘전기장비제조업’, ‘식 료품제조업’이 탁월한 국내 경쟁력을 지니고 있었다. 또한 한 국은 소공인 제조업의 국가경제 기여도와 일자리 창출 기여도 에 있어 OECD 국가 중에서 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

중국제조2025와 철강산업의 연관분석

최정석 ( Choi Jung Seok ),김형근 ( Kim Hyung Geun ) 한중사회과학학회 2018 한중사회과학연구 Vol.16 No.4

The characteristics of China’s manufacturing industry are large, lacking in competitiveness, and there is a clear gap between developed countries’ manufacturing in the fields of independent innovation capacity, resource utilization efficiency, industrial structure level. It is necessary to restructure the entire manufacturing industry. The Chinese government released "China Manufacturing 2025" on May 8, 2015, and officially announced it on May 19. In particular, it focuses on eco-friendly improvement of traditional manufacturing facilities that have been the basis of economic growth in the past, such as the steel industry. Specifically, it is a traditional manufacturing industry such as steel and related ineffectiveness of facilities and factories are being applied. As a result, the following results were obtained. First, according to the results of analysis of the influence coefficient of Chinese steel industry in 2012, it was derived in the order of special equipment manufacturing, other manufacturing and weighing/measuring equipment manufacturing. As a result of the analysis, in 2007, if the conventional traditional manufacturing industries such as metal products, electricity, machinery and equipment manufacturing, metal smelting and rolling industry, It can be concluded that the rear industry group, which has added technical and expertise, has been changed. Second, the sensitivity coefficients of the Chinese steel industry in 2012 were analyzed in the order of chemical industry, metal smelting and rolling, and power/heating production and supply. Compared with the results in 2007, it can be seen that the downstream industries of the steel industry, that is, the raw materials industry and the raw materials industry, which are the basis of the traditional manufacturing industry in China, It is possible to analyze why the Chinese government’s Chinese manufacturing 2025 strategy is being pursued.

일부 지역 제조업체 안전·보건관계자들의 지식 및 태도에 관한 연구

송영표,리갑수,이성수,안규동,이병국 순천향대학교 산업의학연구소 1996 순천향산업의학 Vol.2 No.1

The useful preventive measure for industrial accidents in manufacturing industries could be achieved through automation, education of workers on safety, proper work practice and etc. The success of prevention of industrial accident could be haevily relied on the awareness of accident prevention of workers and management personnel in each industries. In order to obtain general awareness of industrial accident in terms of knowledge and attitude and to provide useful information for the proper preventive measure of industrial accident, questionnaire survey was done with manufacturing industries in Chunan area which has 5 and more workers. Questionnaire with 50 question items were sent to 570 relevant personnels in 471 manufacturing industries. Out of 560, 460 relevant personnel replied to the questionnaire. The results obtained were as follow; 1. While most manufacturing industries(391 industries, 86.7%) under study reported that they had full time occupational safety and health personnel, only 30 manufacturing industries(6.5%) with legal requirement of such personnel did not have relevant ones. 2. Most popular position for the personnel of safety and health duty were section chief(33.2%), and 46.8% of safety and health personnel were in the age group of 30-39. Whereas 66.9% of them were titled as production chief and management chief. 3. Most safety and health personnel(98.5%) reported that disseminated information from professional organization of occupational safety and health were very useful to carry out their safety and health duties. 4. Eight one percent respondent received safety education from governmental organization or affiliated institute and most of them (97.3%) reported that such education was very effective. 5. While 61.8% of respondent reported the necessity of field inspection by inspector for routine and consultation, 30.0% of respondent wanted document inspection without real field inspection. But most respondent replied that such inspections were useful for conducting safety and health prevention. 6. While 93.7% of respondent thought that accident prevention were helpful for production, 88.8% and 86.0 of them replied that accident prevention could influence the cost of production and quality of products, respectively which eventually influenced the competitiveness of each industries. 7. Eighty five percent of respondent replied that accident could be prevented with educational, personal and material resources. 8. While 96.5% of respondent replied that their industries provided safety education, out of them 26.2% industries thought that their safety education were superficial. The most popular frequency of safety education was once per month(56.0%) and 31.0% industries provided once a week. On the other hand 13.1% of industries provided every day safety education on regular basis. 9. While 45.2% of respondent replied that employer had strong commitment for safety and health, 41.3% of respondent replied that there were some changes and progression of employer's attitude for safety and health issues. 10. While 49.2% of respondent replied the necessity of legal requirement of safety personnel, 45.8% of respondent replied that voluntary requirement for safety personnel were more practical and helpful for accident prevention. 11. The necessity of periodic health examination were replied from most respondent(90.0%) and 73.0% of respondent thought that periodic health examination were helpful for the promotion of worker's health, but 56.4% of respondent criticized that periodic health examination were superficial and needed revision of content and method of periodic health examination. 12. Most respondent(92.7%) agreed the necessity of environmental measurement and 64.4% of respondent had their confidence on the result of environmental measurement, whereas 56.7% of respondent replied that their industries were repaired and improved according to the recommendation of environmental measurement and 85.6% of respondent replied that some kind of countermeasure for the recommendation such as supplies of personal protective equipments were done.

DEA를 활용한 제조 및 서비스 산업의 기술혁신활동 효율성 비교 연구

서용윤,김문수 대한산업공학회 2011 산업공학 Vol.24 No.4

This research aims at conducting a comparative study on the relative efficiency of technologically innovative activities between manufacturing and service industries using data envelopment analysis (DEA). First, as an individual approach, efficiency of technologically innovative activities between manufacturing and service industries is separately evaluated. The results show that efficiency of both industries is similarly low, but patterns of technologically innovative activities differ from each other. Manufacturing industries usually do innovation focusing on various outputs with a single input, whereas service industries tend to do innovation emphasizing on a single output with mixed inputs. Second, as a holistic approach to both industries, efficiency is collectively assessed. The analysis demonstrates that efficiency of service industries is higher than that of manufacturing industries, and there are similar patterns of technologically innovative activities between both manufacturing and service industries. This study provides industrial managers with policy implications based on similarities and differences between manufacturing and service industries.

한국 제조업의 환경경제효율성 분석

김종호 ( Jongho Kim ),김호석,공현숙,이수일 한국환경정책평가연구원 2018 사업보고서 Vol.2018 No.-

우리나라는 1960년대부터 수출과 성장 중심의 경제 개발에 박차를 가하면서 다양한 종류의 환경문제를 겪어 왔다. 2000년대 들어 ‘환경과 경제의 상생’을 화두로 기존의 ‘회색성장’을 ‘녹색성장’으로 전환하기 위한 논의가 본격적으로 이루어지기 시작했고, 2000년대 후반에는 녹색성장을 핵심 국정과제 중의 하나로 설정하기까지 했다. 하지만 녹색성장을 적극적으로 추진하던 정권이 물러난 후에 ‘녹색’에 대한 관심이 급속히 퇴조하였다.반면 국제적으로는 2012년 리우+20 회의에서 지속가능발전 달성을 위한 핵심적인 수단이자 전략으로 녹색경제(green economy)가 주목을 받은 바 있으며, 2015년에는 UN에서 2030 발전의제로 지속가능발전목표(SDGs)가 통과됨으로써 녹색경제의 중요성이 새롭게 부각되고 있다.녹색경제로 전환하기 위한 체계적인 정책이나 전략을 수립하기 위해서는 국내 산업의 녹색화 현황 및 수준에 대한 진단과 분석이 중요하다. 본 연구는 기존에 국내에서 주목받지 못했던 잔폐물(오염물질)에 대한 분석에 집중하면서, 녹색경제의 맥락에서 잔폐물 문제를 분석하기 위해 환경경제효율성(eco-efficiency) 개념과 지표를 이용하였다. 지금까지 한국경제의 ‘회색화’에 가장 크게 영향을 미친 것이 제조업이며 이로 인해 한국 경제의 녹색전환을 위해서도 제조업의 녹색화가 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 제조업의 환경경제효율성 문제에 집중하였다. 그리고 환경보호지출 정보를 이용해서 기존의 오염저감 활동이 환경경제효율성이나 오염물질 배출에 어느 정도 영향을 미쳤는지를 통합적으로 분석하였다.먼저 한국 제조업의 특성을 살펴본 결과, 여타 선진국과 달리 한국은 국민경제에서 제조업이 차지하는 비중이 줄어들기는커녕 오히려 지속적으로 늘어나고 있다. 한국 제조업은 현재 경제 총산출의 50% 이상, 총부가가치의 30% 이상을 담당하고 있다. OECD 기준에 따른 저기술업종(음식료, 섬유가죽, 목재종이인쇄)의 산출 비중이 1980년대 51.3%에서 2016년 13.2% 수준으로 줄어든 대신 고기술업종(전기 및 전자기기, 정밀기기)과 중고기술업종(화학제품, 기계 및 장비, 운수장비)의 비중이 각각 24.3%p, 14.5%p 증가하였다. 그런데 중저기술업종(석유제품, 비금속광물, 1차금속, 금속제품)의 비중이 여전히 상당 수준으로 유지되고 있으며, 이로 인해 제조업의 에너지 소비가 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 한편 제조업 전체로 볼 때 에너지믹스에는 큰 변화가 없는데, 이 점 역시 에너지다소비업종인 중저기술업종의 비중이 일정 수준으로 유지되고 있는 제조업 구조 변화의 특이성과 관련된다.대기, 폐수, 폐기물 영역의 잔폐물을 대상으로 환경경제효율성의 변화 추세를 살펴보고, 잔폐물 배출량 변화의 원인을 추적하기 위해 분해분석을 수행하였다.먼저 대기 영역의 경우 질산화물(NO_X), 황산화물(SO_X), 미세먼지(PM₁₀) 배출량을 대상으로 분석을 수행하였다. 질산화물(NO_X)을 배출하는 주 업종은 비금속광물업과 1차금속업인데, 이 두 업종의 환경경제효율성은 다른 업종에 비해 특히 낮은 수준일 뿐 아니라 시간이 지나도 개선되지 않은 상황이다. 질산화물(NO_X) 배출량에 대한 분해분석 결과 저감투자(=환경보호지출/산출)가 배출량 감소에 가장 큰 영향을 미친 것으로 파악되었다. 황산화물(SO_X) 배출량에 대한 분석 결과는 질산화물(NO_X)의 경우와 대체로 유사하다(비금속광물과 1차금속 외에 석유화학의 비중이 상당히 크다는 것 정도가 차이점임). 미세먼지(PM₁₀)의 경우에도 질산화물(NO_X)이나 황산화물(SO_X)의 경우와 동일하게 배출량 비중이 압도적으로 높은 ‘비금속광물-1차금속업’의 환경경제효율성이 여타 업종에 비해 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 반면 질산화물(NO_X)이나 황산화물(SO_X)과 달리 제조업의 구조 변화가 미세먼지(PM₁₀)의 배출량 감소에 가장 크게 기여한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 과거 대기오염물질 배출 저감을 위한 기업의 환경투자가 주로 질산화물(NO_X)이나 황산화물(SO_X) 저감에 집중되어 있었던 것과 관련이 있다.다음으로 폐수 영역의 경우 폐수방류량과 BOD 방류부하량을 대상으로 분석을 수행하였다. 제조업의 폐수방류량은 대체로 증가하고 있으며, 대기오염물질 배출의 경우와 달리 특정한 업종이 압도적인 비중을 차지하지 않는다. 폐수방류량에서 상대적으로 높은 비중을 차지하는 조립금속 및 기계장비업의 환경경제효율성은 제조업 평균보다 낮은 수준이지만, 조금씩 개선되고 있다. 분해분석 결과 다른 경우와 마찬가지로 생산규모 효과는 폐수방류량을 증가시키는 주된 요인이며, 폐수방류량을 감소시키는 주된 요인은 환경보호지출인 것으로 나타났다. 2000년대에는 저감투자(=환경보호지출/산출)가 방류량 감소에 주로 기여했는데, 2010년대 들어서 저감효율(=방류량/환경보호지출)이 방류량 감소에 기여하였다. BOD 방류부하량 역시 폐수방류량과 마찬가지로 업종 간 비중 차이가 크지 않다. BOD 방류부하량 비중이 높은 조립금속 및 기계장비업과 석유화학업의 환경경제효율성은 제조업 평균보다 높은 수준을 유지하는 반면, 방류부하량 비중이 가장 높은 음식료품 및 담배의 경우 제조업 평균보다 낮은 것으로 파악되었다. 분해분석 결과에서는, BOD 방류부하량 증가를 초래한 주된 요인은 생산규모이고 감소를 초래한 주된 요인은 저감효율(=방류부하량/환경보호지출)인 것으로 나타났다.마지막으로 폐기물 영역에서는 사업장배출시설계폐기물 처분량을 대상으로 분석을 수행 하였다. 제조업의 사업장배출시설계폐기물 처분량은 조금씩 줄어들고 있으며, 대기나 폐수 영역과 달리 목재, 종이, 출판 및 인쇄업의 비중이 상대적으로 높다. 그런데 목재, 종이, 출판 및 인쇄업의 환경경제효율성은 제조업 중에 제일 낮으며, 시간이 지나도 개선되지 않는 상황이다. 잔폐물 비중이 높은 업종의 환경경제효율성이 상대적으로 낮은 것은 대기, 폐수, 폐기물 모든 영역에서 흔히 나타나는 현상이다. 폐수의 경우와 마찬가지로 처분량 감소에 기여한 것은 환경보호지출(저감투자 및 저감효율)이다.제조업 업종별 잔폐물 배출량에 대한 환경경제효율성 분석 및 분해분석을 통해 대기, 폐수, 폐기물 각각에 대한 오염물질 저감 정책을 수립하는 데에 유용한 정보 제공이 가능하다. 다만, 이를 위해서는 데이터의 시계열 일관성 유지, 오염물질 배출량 데이터와 경제 데이터의 연계 강화, 업종 분류 통일 등 정확한 데이터에 기초한 세밀하고 다차원적인 분석 방법을 개발하고 적용하는 것이 필요하다. In Rio+20 held in 2012, the green economy attracted attention as a key instrument and strategy for achieving sustainable development. The importance of a green economy has been newly highlighted in the context of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development by the United Nations since 2015.In order to establish a systematic strategy for the transition to a green economy, it is necessary to diagnose and analyze the status and level of greening for domestic industries. This study focuses on the residuals(e.g, air emissions, wastewater, solid waste) that have not been noticed in previous studies on eco-efficiency, diagnoses eco-efficiency of the manufacturing industry which has heavily contributed to the 'graying' of the Korean economy. Also, using information on environmental protection expenditure, this research analyzes the extent to which existing pollution abatement activities affected eco-efficiency and pollutants.The residuals are divided into 3 areas such as air emissions, wastewater and solid waste. For air emissions, NO_X, SO_X and PM₁₀ emissions are analyzed. The main emission sectors of NO_X are non-metallic mineral products and basic metals manufacturing industries. The eco-efficiency of these two industries is notably lower than other manufacturing industries, and has not improved over time. According to the results of decomposition analysis on NO_X emissions, environmental protection expenditure was found to have the greatest effect on emission reduction. The analysis result of SO_X emissions is generally similar to that of NO_X. In the case of PM₁₀, as well as NO_X and SO_X, the eco-efficiency of 'non-metallic mineral products & primary metals manufacturing industry', which has a very high proportion of emissions, is significantly lower than other manufacturing industries. On the other hand, unlike NO_X or SO_X, structural change was the most significant contributor to emission reduction. This can be said to mean that the environmental investment of companies to reduce air pollutant emissions was mainly made in the reduction of NO_X and SO_X.In the wastewater area, wastewater and BOD discharge are analyzed. Wastewater discharge by the manufacturing industry is generally increasing. The eco-efficiency of fabricated metal products and machinery & equipment manufacturing industries - which are main sectors of wastewater discharge - is lower than the manufacturing industry average, but has improved. According to the results of the decomposition analysis, the scale effect was the main factor for increasing wastewater discharge, and the main factor for reducing the wastewater discharge was environmental protection expenditure. The results of analysis for BOD discharge loads are similar to that of wastewater discharge.In solid waste areas, analysis was conducted on the amount of industrial waste disposal. The amount of disposal in the manufacturing industry is gradually decreasing. Unlike air or wastewater domains, wood and paper manufacturing and printing industries are the main sector of industrial waste disposal. However, the eco-efficiency of these industries is the lowest among the manufacturing industries and has not improved over time. The relatively low eco-efficiency of industries with a high proportion of residual emissions is a common phenomenon in all 3 areas. And environmental protection expenditure contributed to the reduction of the disposal amount, which is the same as the case for wastewater.The eco-efficiency analysis and decomposition analysis on residuals would provide useful information for establishing pollution abatement policies. However, it is necessary to develop multidimensional analysis methods based on more accurate and detailed data, which have time series consistency and have the same classification between environmental data and economic data.

The Implementation of Sustainable Manufacturing Practice in Textile Industry: An Indonesian Perspective

Muhardi MUHARDI,Cici CINTYAWATI,Rabiatul ADWIYAH,Norsiah HAMI,Rushanim HASHIM,Salmah OMAR,Shafini Mohd SHAFIE 한국유통과학회 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.11

The intention of this paper is to give a better understanding about the implementation of sustainable manufacturing practice in the textile companies in Indonesia as one of the promising sectors in the manufacturing industry. The data was collected by taking a case study approach in one of the leading textile companies in Indonesia. Questionnaire and interview techniques were used to gather in-depth information about the implementation of a sustainable concept in the company. The result reveals that the extent of the implementation of Sustainable Manufacturing Practices (SMP) in the companies are at a level of moderate to high. From the three dimensions measured which are environment, economy, and social dimensions, the evaluation result shows good performance in terms of the implementation of sustainable concepts, like low level of gas emission, high percentage of renewable energy usage, cost reduction rate, high quality of life, etc. From this result, the authors then develop a sustainable manufacturing model in the wider coverage to be implemented not only in the textile industry but is expected to be implemented in manufacturing sectors as well. This model consists of at least seven basic archetypes which are divided into three dominant areas: technological innovation, economical, and social areas which aim to bring better performance in the manufacturing industry of Indonesia.

제조업 산업장의 유기용제 노출에 관한 연구

문덕환,김정하,김필자,박명희,황용식,이채관,이창희 한국산업위생학회 2001 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.11 No.3

Objective : For the purpose of preparing the fundamental data and health promotion and control program on organic solvents in air of manufacturing industry. Methods : The author surveyed number of organic solvent components which was used in working site and also determined the organic solvents concentration in air of 927 manufacturing industries and 1,267 working process with gas chromatography(NIOSH manual) for five years from 1995 to 1999. Results : Mean numbers of solvents components by type of industry, working process was number of 12. There were exceeded to TLV of 1,2-dichloroethane in textile manufacturing industry N,N-dimethyl furan in tanning and dressing of leather ; luggage, handbags, saddlery, harness and footwear manufacturing industry and chemical and chemical product manufacturing industry by type of industry. There were exceeded to TLV of 1,2-dichloroethane in handwriting and drawing process, cellosolove in adhesive spreading process, N,N-dimethly furan in production of solvent process and adhesion process by working process. Total exceeded rate to threshold limit values of organic solvents mixture were 12.9% for EI(Exposure index) and 10.0% for Em(Estimation of mixture) by type of industry, 11.3% for EI and 8.2% for Em by type of working process. The highest exceed rate was 36.7% for EI in tanning and dressing of leather ; luggage handbags, saddlery, harness and footwear manufacturing industry and 29.0% for Em in textile manufacturing industry. the highest exceeded rate was 23.1% for EI and 12.5% for Em in adhesive spreading process by working process. Mean values of total subjects by type of industry and type of working process were 0.7±1.8 for EI and 0.7±1.7 for Em respectively. Conclusions : As above results, the author suggest that it makes the environmental control program on 1.2-dichloro-ethane, N,N-dimethyl furan, cellosolve by kind of organic solvent and on textile manufacturing industry, tanning and dressing of leather ; luggage, handbags, saddlery harness and footwear manufacturing industry by type of industry, and on handwriting, drawing process and adhesive spreading process and adhesion process by type of working process.

제조기업의 디자인 전략으로서 통합적 관점의 제조업의 서비스화 연구

최은미 한국디자인문화학회 2019 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Domestic and foreign manufacturing companies are seeking to create new profits and innovate by converging products and services and developing new business models in order to make a breakthrough in growth and change as they face a diverse consumer demand nature and the industrial environment where customer experience value becomes important. In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, especially as a way of securing and innovating the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry. In these circumstances, the purpose of this study is to address the business issues that small and medium manufacturing companies have and to present the concept and category of manufacturing and the type of service they serve from an integrated and differentiated perspective to support design R&D that is suitable for the Fourth Industrial Revolution era. The scope and method of research is first the theory of manufacturing and service and servitization. Based on this, the concept and category of manufacturing servitization were established by taking into account three integrated perspectives: enterprise, product and customer. In addition, various categories of manufacturing servitization were presented, including the strategies for servitization, the study on the types and characteristics of servitization cases, and the types of service offerings of the product perspective, based on the previously proposed concept and category of manufacturing from an integrated perspective. In particular, four types of servitization were presented from the perspective of product service and product smarting to help small and medium-sized manufacturing companies with various types of products. For small and medium manufacturing companies in need of change and innovation, this paper establishes design strategies that converge products and services through access to various perspectives on servitization, and creates new profits through servitization. 국내외 제조 기업들은 소비자 수요 속성이 다변화되고 고객의 경험 가치가 중요해지는 산업 환경에 직면하여 제품만의 경쟁력으로 더 이상 차별화가 어려워지자 성장과 변화의 돌파구를 마련하고자 제품과서비스의 융합, 새로운 비즈니스 모델 개발을 통해 새로운 수익창출과 혁신을 도모하고 있다. 4차 산업혁명시대, 특히 제조업의 경쟁력 확보 및 혁신을 위한 방안으로서 제조업의 서비스화가 화두가 되고 있지만, 국내 중소 제조 기업들은 아직 “제조업의 서비스화” 의 개념이 무엇이고 어떻게 전략적으로 접근해야 하는지 공감과 이해가 부족한 상황이다. 이와 같은 상황에서 본 연구의 목적은 중소 제조 기업들이 가진 비즈니스 이슈를 해결하고 4차 산업혁명 시대에 적합한제품과 서비스가 융합된 디자인 R&D를 지원할 수 있도록 통합적이고 차별화 된 관점에서 제조업의 서비스화 개념 및 범주 정립, 서비스화 유형을 제시하는것이다. 연구의 범위와 방법은 먼저 제조업 및 서비스, 서비스화의 이론적 배경에 대해서 살펴보았다. 특히 서비타이제이션, PSS, 서비스 R&D에 대한 이론적고찰을 진행하여 다양한 범주의 서비스화에 대한 이해를 도모하였다. 이를 기반으로 기업, 제품, 고객이라는 3가지 통합적인 관점을 고려하여 제조업의 서비스화 개념 및 범주를 정립하였다. 그리고 서비스화 전략, 서비스화 사례 유형 및 특성에 대한 연구, 또한앞서 제안한 통합적인 관점의 제조업의 서비스화 개념 및 범주를 기반으로 제품 관점의 서비스화 유형을비롯한 다양한 범주의 제조업의 서비스화 유형을 제시하였다. 특히 제품의 서비스화, 제품의 스마트화 관점에서 서비스화 유형을 4가지로 제시하여 다양한 유형의 제품을 다루는 중소 제조 기업들의 디자인 R&D 방향성 구축에 도움이 되도록 하였다. 본 논문은 변화와 혁신이 필요한 중소 제조 기업에게 서비스화에 대한 다양한 관점의 접근을 통해 제품과 서비스를 융합한 디자인 전략을 수립하고 서비스화를 통해 새로운수익창출을 견인할 수 있도록 지원을 한다는 것에 의의가 있다.

대구시 제조업의 특성과 대안적 정책과제

이철우(Lee, Chul Woo) 한국지역사회학회 2013 지역사회연구 Vol.21 No.2

Daegu city"s traditional textile industry has declined since the 1980s, while the machine and materials industry, including the assembly of metal products, automobile and other mobile equipment manufacturing, has consistently grown. The structure of Daegu city"s manufacturing industries, which had been traditionally based on the textile industry, has diversified to include the IT convergence industry with mechatronics due to the development of the IT industry since the 1990s, which includes the machine and materials industry. Despite this diversification in industrial structure, the structural problems of manufacturing industries in Daegu city have not improved. In the case of corporate management, the rates of private business and single business are extremely high, indicating a premodern managerial system where ownership and control are not separated. These structural problems lead to the external loss of public confidence toward manufacturing industries in Daegu city. Moreover, firms" capacity in technology innovation is insufficient because few firms have high technology or their own research and development centers. Daegu city"s labor with skills and experience in advanced technology and in research and development keep leaving for the Seoul metropolitan area as well as for other regions, and the small manufacturing firms in Daegu city suffer from a skilled labor shortage in research and technology at the same time. Thus Daegu city"s manufacturers face difficulties in technology and management innovation, weakening the region"s competitiveness in manufacturing. The Daegu city government, however, has made continual efforts with regional industrial policies since the late 1990s to strengthen the competitiveness of manufacturing. These efforts produced tangible achievements for structural improvement and competitiveness by 2010.

A Study on the Preparedness of the 4th Industrial Revolution in the Manufacturing Industry

성창용,박경수 한국산업경영시스템학회 2018 한국산업경영시스템학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.춘계

The 4th industrial revolution is in its progressive form, and its effects are already being revealed throughout society. It has led to a variety of new technologies including artificial intelligence (AI), big data, Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, cyber-physical systems, biotechnology, 3D printers, drones, and Uber. The winds of this revolution are expected to bring many changes to the manufacturing industry. The low-growth global economy and a decline in productivity are prompting a 4th industrial revolution centered on Europe’s Germany, as it needed new growth engines. In Korea, manufacturing industries focused on labor and capital were the center of the industry. The goal was to pursue the first and second industrial revolution led by the developed countries, and to achieve what is called the “Miracle of the Han River”, “The Four Dragons for Asia”, and “The East Asian Miracle”. However, unlike the past, the 4th industrial revolution is not expected to bring about theoretical but substantial changes. The preparations and research into the 4th industrial revolution may seem to be ahead of the major countries, but unfortunately it is far behind the major ones. The United States, China, Germany and Japan are in the process of reorganizing the society, culture and economy in relation to the 4th industrial revolution. Korea`s economy, however, is showing a decline in the growth rate, with the exception of technical hardware and equipment and telecommunications. The 4th industrial revolution is an industry that requires highly specialized knowledge, information, and technology, and if it fails to respond to rapidly evolving technological changes and trends, it is bound to be relegated to the government's position. For small and medium sized manufacturers in particular, the longer the preparation is delayed due to poor environment, structural backwardness, lack of core competencies, and lack of innovation, the more likely they will adjust to social and technological changes caused by the 4th industrial revolution. Accordingly, it is necessary to enhance the importance of preparation for the 4th Industrial Revolution and to take strategic approaches to enhance the sophistication of technologies and the autonomy of small and medium sized manufacturing companies. In this study, we intend to study the manufacturing-ready effects of manufacturing industries based on the level of perception of the company’s 4th industrial revolution. For this purpose, 122 small and medium manufacturing companies were surveyed on the 4th industrial revolution. The survey was conducted for about four months from December 1, 2017 to March 31, 2018. In the case of small and medium sized manufacturing companies, a hypothesis was established on how the perception and preparation of the industrial revolution affects the direct preparation of the 4th industrial revolution. Three assumptions were presented depending on the level of perception of the 4th industrial revolution and the data were drawn from the questionnaire. When comparing the data to the hypothesis, small and medium manufacturing companies should be able to determine the level of interest they have in the 4th Industrial Revolution, and if they are not prepared to do so, they should be able to invest in a certain extent.