A Study of the Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui (兩景揆日儀) in the Joseon Dynasty

Lee, Yong Sam,Kim, Sang Hyuk,Mihn, Byeong-Hee The Korean Space Science Society 2015 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.32 No.1

The Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui (兩景揆日儀) is a kind of elevation sundial using three wooden plates. Sang-hyeok Lee (李尙爀, 1810~?) and Byeong-cheol Nam (南秉哲, 1817~1863) gave descriptions of this sundial and explained how to use it in their Gyu-il-go (揆日考) and Ui-gi-jip-seol (儀器輯說), respectively. According to Gyu-il-go (揆日考) there are two horizontal plates and two vertical plates that have lines of season and time. Subseasonal (節候) lines are engraved between seasonal (節氣) lines, subdividing the interval into three equal lines of Cho-hu (初候, early subseason), Jung-hu (中候, mid subseason) and Mal-hu (末候, late subseason); there are 13 seasonal lines for a year, thus resulting in 37 subseasonal lines; also, there are 12 double-hour (時辰) lines for a day engraved on these plates. The only remaining artifact of Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui was made in 1849 (the $15^{th}$ year of Heon-jong) and is kept at the Korea University Museum. We have compared and analyzed Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui and similar western sundials. Also, we have reviewed the scientific aspect of this artifact and built a replica. Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui is a new model enhanced from the miniaturization development in the early Joseon Dynasty and can be applied to the southern part of the tropic line through a structure change.

A Study of the Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui (兩景揆日儀) in the Joseon Dynasty

Yong Sam Lee,Sang Hyuk Kim,Byeong-Hee Mihn 한국우주과학회 2015 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.32 No.1

The Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui (兩景揆日儀) is a kind of elevation sundial using three wooden plates. Sang-hyeok Lee (李尙爀, 1810~?) and Byeong-cheol Nam (南秉哲, 1817~1863) gave descriptions of this sundial and explained how to use it in their Gyu-il-go (揆日考) and Ui-gi-jip-seol (儀器輯說), respectively. According to Gyu-il-go (揆日考) there are two horizontal plates and two vertical plates that have lines of season and time. Subseasonal (節候) lines are engraved between seasonal (節氣) lines, subdividing the interval into three equal lines of Cho-hu (初候, early subseason), Jung-hu (中候, mid subseason) and Mal-hu (末候, late subseason); there are 13 seasonal lines for a year, thus resulting in 37 subseasonal lines; also, there are 12 double-hour (時辰) lines for a day engraved on these plates. The only remaining artifact of Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui was made in 1849 (the 15th year of Heon-jong) and is kept at the Korea University Museum. We have compared and analyzed Yanggyeong- gyu-il-ui and similar western sundials. Also, we have reviewed the scientific aspect of this artifact and built a replica. Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui is a new model enhanced from the miniaturization development in the early Joseon Dynasty and can be applied to the southern part of the tropic line through a structure change.

A Study of the Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui (兩景揆日儀) in the Joseon Dynasty

이용삼,김상혁,민병희 한국우주과학회 2015 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.32 No.1

The Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui (兩景揆日儀) is a kind of elevation sundial using three wooden plates. Sang-hyeok Lee (李尙爀,1810~?) and Byeong-cheol Nam (南秉哲, 1817~1863) gave descriptions of this sundial and explained how to use it in theirGyu-il-go (揆日考) and Ui-gi-jip-seol (儀器輯說), respectively. According to Gyu-il-go (揆日考) there are two horizontal platesand two vertical plates that have lines of season and time. Subseasonal (節候) lines are engraved between seasonal (節氣)lines, subdividing the interval into three equal lines of Cho-hu (初候, early subseason), Jung-hu (中候, mid subseason) andMal-hu (末候, late subseason); there are 13 seasonal lines for a year, thus resulting in 37 subseasonal lines; also, there are 12double-hour (時辰) lines for a day engraved on these plates. The only remaining artifact of Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui was madein 1849 (the 15th year of Heon-jong) and is kept at the Korea University Museum. We have compared and analyzed Yanggyeong-gyu-il-ui and similar western sundials. Also, we have reviewed the scientific aspect of this artifact and built a replica. Yang-gyeong-gyu-il-ui is a new model enhanced from the miniaturization development in the early Joseon Dynasty and canbe applied to the southern part of the tropic line through a structure change.

조선 후기 서양세력의 접근과 海洋觀의 변화

노대환(Roh Dae-Hwan) 한국사연구회 2003 한국사연구 Vol.123 No.-

Although Korea had been in deep connection with the ocean, its marine activities began to shrink rapidly since the Koryo Dynasty and were almost discontinued in the Chosun Dynasty. Interest in the lost-forgotten ocean was revived with the introduction of world maps and various geographical books from the Western world in the 17th century. Curiosity evolved into interest and further into argument for commercial relations with southern district of China by the northern learning group in the late 18th century. While the group supported commercial relations they, on the other side, maintained the sense of balance in preparation for emergency that might happen. As men of power exercised their authorities with turning the 19th century argument for marine trade was daunted in general, but some intellectuals such as Lee Gyu-gyeong and Choi Han-gi insisted on marine trade more aggressively than on commercial relations with southern countries. However, their view had limitations in that they saw Western powers with a too optimistic eye. This shows that the sense of balance held by the northern learning group was being lost. Turning the 1840s, a sense of impending crisis against Western powers was heightened, which daunted the argument for marine trade and instead resulted in the emergence of an argument for maritime defense aiming at stopping the advance of Western powers. The leaders of argument for maritime defense were those who inherited the theory of northern learning such as Park Gyu-su and Nam Byeong-cheol. Entering upon the 19th century, interest in commercial trade and that in maritime defense were separated from each other and only one of the two tended to be emphasized, which was unfortunate from the viewpoint of maritime history. It was only after the opening of ports when the ocean was viewed from the viewpoints of both commercial trade and military defense. Military interest was dominant at the beginning, but later interest in marine trade was heightened rapidly with the understanding that military power must be preceded by economic power, which made the government execute policies pursuing both national prosperity and defense related to the ocean. However, such efforts were frustrated by Qing's policy of annexing Chosun as one of its federal states, and Chosun had to depend on Qing for its maritime defense. It was a great blunder for Chosun to put maritime defense in Qing's hand. Taking advantage of this, the Qing Dynasty held a militarily dominant position in the Korean Peninsula and strengthened its plunder in economic sectors. Qing's military and economic dominance in Chosun amplified conflict between China and Japan surrounding the Korean Peninsula, which exploded into the Sino-Japanese War. It was a matter of course that Chosun's strategy for liberation ended in vain with the defeat of Qing.

19세기 지식장의 변동과 문명의식: 홍한주, 이규경, 최한기를 중심으로

김선희 ( Seon Hee Kim ) 한국사상사학회 2015 韓國思想史學 Vol.0 No.49

이 논문은 19세기 중반에 다양한 지적 정보들을 종합하고 재배치하고자 했던 세 지식인 홍한주, 이규경, 최한기의 사상적 작업을 검토함으로써 이들이 외부의 지적 자극과 정보들을 어떻게 내적으로 변용하고 지적 재배치를 시도하는지 살펴보고자 한다. 여기서 중요한 것은 외래의 지식에 대한 개입과 조정에 따른 후속적 결과가 아니라 개입과 조정의 전제와 지향성이다. 이 논문은 이를 문명의식으로 보고, 이를 통해 세 지식인들의 지적 태도와 경향을 살펴보고자 한다. 정치적 지향과 배제의 명분이었던 중화의식과 달리, 문명의식은 학문적 활동의 근본 전제로서, 올바르고 이상적인 세계에 대한 이념이자 가치를 의미한다. 이 논문은 서학과 같은 외래의 자원과 전 시대보다 강화된 서양 강대국의 동진에 대한 직간접 경험이 이들의 문명의식을 어떻게 변화시키고 이 변화가 이들의 지적 태도와 실천에 어떠한 영향을 끼치는지 살펴보고자 하는 것이다. This article examines that how the three literati in the mid-19th century, Hong Han-ju, Lee Gyu-gyeong, and Choi Han-ki, tried to transform external intellectual stimuli and information internally and to realign those, by examining the works of the literati. What is important here is the premise and orientation of such intervention and adjustment, not the subsequent consequences. This article regards it as civilization consciousness and examines the intellectual attitudes and tendencies of three literati. Civilization consciousness meant the ideology and value of the righteous, idealistic world, which served as fundamental basis of academic activities, different from sinocentrism which was the cause of political orientation and exclusion. This article attempts to explore how the external resources such as Western learning and the advance of Western great powers into the East Asia changed the civilization consciousness and how the change affected their intellectual attitudes and practices.

근대 학문 형성기, 구어(口語)의 발견과 문법학적 모색

최경봉 우리어문학회 2014 우리어문연구 Vol.49 No.-

This study set out to examine the characteristics of grammar research during the modern science formation period and shed light onto the significance of the grammar studies-based seeking conduced in the process. Following the research process, this study also investigated the views of Korean language, inter-textuality of grammar books, and the acceptance and transmission of Western and traditional grammar studies. Based on the results, this study explained that the grammar researches of the times determined the content of grammar description based on the awareness of such tasks of the times as the agreement between spoken and written language and the identity of Korean language. Chapter 2 defined the goals of modern grammar studies as “establishing the spellings, building a base to turn spoken language into the written style, and systemizing the grammar of spoken language,” regarding the consciousness of agreement between spoken and written language as the problematic consciousness through the assortment of Korean language and grammar researches that began at the late 19th century. Section 2.2 demonstrated that the grammarians of the times devised the spellings with writing based on the agreement between spoken and written language. Section 2.3 demonstrated that they determined the content systems of grammar books by contemplating over the issue of identifying the substance of spoken language to be turned into the written style. Chapter 3 focused on the patterns of the traditional grammar studies- centric problematic consciousness transferring to modern grammar studies and the development patterns of such problematic consciousness of the traditional grammar studies in its encounter with Western grammar studies. This study addressed the traditional grammar studies-centric problematic consciousness including “language universalism,” “semantics- based grammar categorization,” and “interest in the primary language constructs” based on the Neo-Confucian views of the world. 본고에서는 근대 학문 형성기에 이루어진 문법 연구의 특징을 파악하고, 이러한 문법학적 모색의 의의를 조명해 보았다. 이 과정에서 이 시기의 국어관, 문법서의 상호텍스트성, 서구 문법학과 전통 문법학의 수용과 계승 문제를 천착하였고, 이를 근거로 당시의 문법 연구가 언문일치 실현과 국어 정체성 규명이라는 시대적 과제를 의식하며 문법 기술 내용을 결정하였음을 설명하였다. 각 장에서 논의한 바를 간단히 정리하여 제시하면 다음과 같다. 2장에서는 근대 문법학의 목표를 ‘철자법의 확립, 구어(口語)의 문장어화(文章語化)를 위한 기반 조성, 구어 문법의 체계화’로 규정하면서, 언문일치 의식을 19세기말부터 시작된 우리말 정리와 문법 연구를 관통하는 문제의식으로 보았다. 이에 따라 2.2에서는 당시 문법가들이 언문일치적 글쓰기를 염두에 두고 철자법을 구상했음을 논증하였고, 2.3에서는 당시 문법가들이 문장어화할 구어의 실체를 규정하는 문제를 고민하면서 문법서의 내용 체계를 결정하였음을 논증하였다. 3장에서는 전통 문법학의 중심적 문제의식이 근대 문법학으로 전이된 양상과 이러한 전통 문법학의 문제의식이 서구 문법학과 조우하면서 어떤 양상으로 전개되었는지에 주목하였다. 본고에서 주목한 전통 문법학의 중심적 문제의식은 성리학적 세계관에 근거한 ‘언어보편주의’, ‘의미 중심의 문법범주화’, ‘언어의 본원적 구성소에 대한 관심’ 등이었다.

金盛達家, ‘鴨東古今未曾有’의 전가족문학사

문희순 한남대학교 한남어문학회 2023 한남어문학 Vol.44 No.-

근대 학문 형성기의 국어국문학 연구 근대 학문 형성기, 구어(口語)의 발견과 문법학적 모색

최경봉 ( Kyeong Bong Choi ) 우리어문학회 2014 우리어문연구 Vol.49 No.-

This study set out to examine the characteristics of grammar research during the modern science formation period and shed light onto the significance of the grammar studies-based seeking conduced in the process. Following the research process, this study also investigated the views of Korean language, inter-textuality of grammar books, and the acceptance and transmission of Western and traditional grammar studies. Based on the results, this study explained that the grammar researches of the times determined the content of grammar description based on the awareness of such tasks of the times as the agreement between spoken and written language and the identity of Korean language. Chapter 2 defined the goals of modern grammar studies as “establishing the spellings, building a base to turn spoken language into the written style, and systemizing the grammar of spoken language,” regarding the consciousness of agreement between spoken and written language as the problematic consciousness through the assortment of Korean language and grammar researches that began at the late 19th century. Section 2.2 demonstrated that the grammarians of the times devised the spellings with writing based on the agreement between spoken and written language. Section 2.3 demonstrated that they determined the content systems of grammar books by contemplating over the issue of identifying the substance of spoken language to be turned into the written style. Chapter 3 focused on the patterns of the traditional grammar studies- centric problematic consciousness transferring to modern grammar studies and the development patterns of such problematic consciousness of the traditional grammar studies in its encounter with Western grammar studies. This study addressed the traditional grammar studies-centric problematic consciousness including “language universalism,” “semantics- based grammar categorization,” and “interest in the primary language constructs” based on the Neo-Confucian views of the world.

『월남망국사』의 유통과 수용

박상석 ( Sang Seok Park ) 연민학회 2010 연민학지 Vol.14 No.-

『越南亡國史』was published in China in 1905, and it was republished at least 5 times. It was carried in the 「淸議報」, published by 梁啓超, from 1899, and also carried in the 『飮永室文集』, 梁啓超`s anthology. 潘佩珠 made 『越南亡國史』be spread in Vietnam. This book was copied in Vietnam many times, and was translated in Vietnamese(國語, Quoc Ngu). 『ウェトナム亡國史 他』, the translation of 『越南亡國史』into Japanese was published in Japan in 1966. In Korean the 『越南亡國史』was carried in 『皇城新聞』in 1906. And the book was translated in Korean and Chinese characters by 玄采(1906), in pure Korean by 周時經(1907), and by 李相益(1907) respectively, and in Korean and Chinese characters by 金振聲(1949). 京鄕新聞 published the article criticizing the 『越南亡國史』severely in connection with their religious position.

이혜구 박사의 “고려 대성악 변천” 재검토 -대성아악 수용과 변천의 두 단계-

송혜진 한국국악학회 2020 한국음악연구 Vol.68 No.-