암처리 엽수와 기간이 들깨의 생육 및 개화에 미치는 영향

최영훈,최영환,이영근,김용균,손병구,강점순,김근기 밀양대학교 농업기술개발연구소 2000 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.4 No.1

The lower leaves shading in upper leaves is unknown to be reduced significantly due to the early differentiation of flower-bud by dark treatment of leaves when growing perilla for harvesting the leaves in the greenhouse during the winter. This study analyzed the effect of dark treatment of leaves on the growth and regulation of flowering, which are closely related with differentiation of flower and amount of leaves. One leaf and 3 leaves per plant were dark treated for 0, 5, 10 days. Plant hight was reduced in 3 leaves treatment, but there was no difference in 1 leaf treatment. Stem diameter was reduced in both 1 leaf and 3 leaves treatments, which was more significant in 3 leaves treatment. Leaf area was reduced when 1 leaf was treated for 10 days, but there was no difference when 1 leaf was treated for 5 days. When 3 leaves were treated, leaf area was no difference between treatments. However, leaf area which 3 leaves were treated was reduced more significantly than that 1 leaf was treated. Seed weight was remarkably decreased when 1 leaf was treated for 10 days, and it was decreased when 3 leaves were treated for more than 5 days.

Involvement of leaf characteristics and wettability in retaining air particulate matter from tropical plant species

Yao Sadaiou Sabas Barima,Djedoux Maxime Angaman,Kobenan Pierre N`gouran,N`guessan Achille Koffi,Fidele Zamble Tra Bi,Roeland Samson 대한환경공학회 2016 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.21 No.2

In most African urban areas, Particulate Matters (PM) concentration exceeds by far the WHO limits. In these areas, plants can play a key role in removing particles. In this study, we evaluated three ornamental species (Jatropha interrigima, Ficus benjamina, Barleria prionitis) used in Abidjan Ivory Coast). Leaf-encapsulated saturation isothermal remnant magnetisation (SIRM) were measured and the relationship between PM captured and leaf wettability were done. The sampling were performed at roadsides and Parks. Firstly, Leaf-encapsulated and total leaf SIRM were quantified and the wettability was determined by drop contact angles (DCA). Secondly, the relationship between leaf SIRM and wettability was found. Results showed that leaf SIRM was two to ten times higher at roadsides than in Parks. Total leaf SIRM was also higher on mature leaves in Main roads suggesting a particle accumulation in leaves over time especially in waxy species (Ficus benjamina). This species encapsulated other than 20% of total leaf SIRM. All tested species were highly-wettable (40° < DCA < 90°). Thus, Jatropha interrigima with its leaf trichomes and F. benjamina with its leaf waxes were more wettable. A significantly positive correlation was found between wettability intensity and leaf SIRM.

Dynalog file을 이용한 동적다엽조준기의 Leaf 속도 정도관리 평가

김주섭,안우상,이우석,박성호,최원식,신성수,Kim, Joo Seob,Ahn, Woo Sang,Lee, Woo Suk,Park, Sung Ho,Choi, Wonsik,Shin, Seong Soo 대한방사선치료학회 2014 대한방사선치료학회지 Vol.26 No.2

목 적 : 동적다엽조준기(dynamic multileaf collimator, DMLC)에서 leaf 속도 정도관리 시 획득된 dynalog 파일을 이용하여 leaf 속도 정확성을 평가하고 정도관리와 모터 교체의 연관성을 분석하여 정도관리의 유용성을 살펴보고, 이를 통해 leaf 속도 정도관리의 적절한 주기를 파악하고자 하였다. 폐암의 정위적체부방사선치료시 실제 적용하고 있는 최대강도투사(MIP) 영상과 호흡위상별(0~90%)영상에서 3차원적으로 재구성된 선량 분포 차이를 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 다엽조준기(multileaf collimator, MLC) 모터 120개에 대해 2012년 1월부터 2014년 6월까지 leaf 위치의 정확성과 치료 중심점(isocenter) 일치도 및 leaf 속도의 정확성에 대해 정도관리를 하였다. leaf 위치 정확성은 모눈종이를 사용하였으며, 또한 leaf의 치료 중심점 일치도를 평가하였다. 그리고 약 1~2 주에 1회씩 총 92회의 leaf 속도 정도관리를 통해 모터 교체회수를 파악하여 leaf 속도 정도관리와 모터 교체와의 상관관계를 분석하였으며, 교체된 모터로부터 leaf의 RMS 값이 점차적으로 증가하는 경우와 급격하게 증가하는 경우로 나누어 적절한 정도관리 주기를 평가하였다. 또한 정도관리를 통해 획득된 RMS 값과 전혀 무관하게 그리고 정도관리를 통해 교체된 모터 횟수를 분석하여 leaf 속도 정도관리의 유용성을 알아보았다. 결 과 : leaf 위치의 정확성과 치료 중심점 일치도를 측정한 결과는 TG-142 보고서에서 권고 하는 허용 범위 이하의 정확성으로 관찰되었고, leaf 속도 정도관리는 총 92회를 시행한 결과 MLC 모터 교체 회수는 56회 이었다. 정도관리를 통해 교체된 모터에서 leaf의 RMS 값이 점차적으로 증가한 경우가 급격하게 증가한 경우에 비해 많았으며, RMS 값이 점차적으로 증가하는 경우는 평균값이 0.298 cm 이었고 급격하게 증가한 경우는 평균값이 0.273 cm 이었다. 모두 에러 히스토그램이 1 cm 이상 벗어난 횟수가 측정되어 교체하였다. RMS 값이 점차적으로 증가하여 모터가 교체될 때까지의 소요기간은 평균 22일 정도 였다. 전체 모터 교체 중 정도관리와 무관하게 그리고 정도관리를 통해 교체한 경우가 각각 28회씩으로 나타났다. 또한 방사선치료 도중 MLC 모터 고장으로 인하여 발생되는 치료 지연 시간은 약 20분 정도였다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서는 최근 IMRT 치료가 증가함에 따라 MLC 사용 빈도 역시 증가하고 있는 시점에서 leaf 위치 정확성 및 치료 중심점 일치도 그리고 속도 정확성 평가를 2년 6개월 동안 수행하였다. leaf 속도 정도관리를 통해 분석한 결과로부터 2 주에 한 번씩 정도관리를 수행하는 것이 적절한 것으로 판단된다. 이 주기를 통해서 leaf 속도 저하를 추적 관찰하여 최종 모터의 교체시기를 예측할 수 있을 것이다. 더불어 방사선치료 중 leaf의 모터 고장으로 인한 방사선치료 지연을 방지하여 좀 더 정확한 IMRT 치료가 이루어지겠다. Purpose : The purpose of this study is to analyze the mechanical and leaf speed accuracy of the dynamic multileaf collimator (DMLC) and determine the appropriate period of quality assurance (QA). Materials and Methods : The quality assurance of the DMLC equipped with Millennium 120 leaves has been performed total 92 times from January 2012 to June 2014. The the accuracy of leaf position and isocenter coincidence for MLC were checked using the graph paper and Gafchromic EBT film, respectively. The stability of leaf speed was verified using a test file requiring the leaves to reach maximum leaf speed during the gantry rotation. At the end of every leaf speed QA, dynamic dynalog files created by MLC controller were analyzed using dynalog file viewer software. This file concludes the information about the planned versus actual position for all leaves and provides error RMS (root-mean square) for individual leaf deviations and error histogram for all leaf deviations. In this study, the data obtained from the leaf speed QA were used to screen the performance degradation of leaf speed and determine the need for motor replacement. Results : The leaf position accuracy and isocenteric coincidence of MLC was observed within a tolerance range recommanded from TG-142 reports. Total number of motor replacement were 56 motors over whole QA period. For all motors replaced from QA, gradually increased patterns of error RMS values were much more than suddenly increased patterns of error RMS values. Average error RMS values of gradually and suddenly increased patterns were 0.298 cm and 0.273 cm, respectively. However, The average error RMS values were within 0.35 cm recommended by the vendor, motors were replaced according to the criteria of no counts with misplacement > 1 cm. On average, motor replacement for gradually increased patterns of error RMS values 22 days. 28 motors were replaced regardless of the leaf speed QA. Conclusion : This study performed the periodic MLC QA for analyzing the mechanical and leaf speed accuracy of the dynamic multileaf collimator (DMLC). The leaf position accuracy and isocenteric coincidence showed whthin of MLC evaluation is observed within the tolerance value recommanded by TG-142 report. Based on the result obtained from leaf speed QA, we have concluded that QA protocol of leaf speed for DMLC was performed at least bimonthly in order to screen the performance of leaf speed. The periodic QA protocol can help to ensure for delivering accurate IMRT treatment to patients maintaining the performance of leaf speed.

Estimation of Leaf Area in Paprika Based on Leaf Length, Leaf Width, and Node Number Using Regression Models and an Artificial Neural Network

Joonwoo Lee,Taewon Moon,Du Sung Nam,Kyoung Sub Park,Jung Eek Son 한국원예학회 2018 원예과학기술지 Vol.36 No.2

Leaf area directly affects growth responses and plays an important role in estimating individual leaf growth. Most studies on the subject have used non-destructive estimations of leaf area based on regression analysis of leaf length and width, with the assumption that the leaf shape is constant. For paprika, however, leaf shapes differ depending on the nodes where leaves are attached. The objective of this study was to estimate leaf area using not only the leaf length and width but also the node number. Paprika leaves were collected ten months after transplanting, and the leaf length, width, area, and shape ratio (= leaf length/width), as well as node number, were measured. Leaf length and width measurements led to the development of regression equations; among them, equations with strong correlations were chosen and used in validation. The measured leaf length and width and node number were used to train a selected artificial neural network (ANN, Google Tensorflow). A regression equation using only leaf area and width estimated leaf areas with high accuracy, while the accuracy significantly decreased when the equation was separately applied to the upper and lower leaves. This result was likely due to the shape characteristics of the leaves; newly-formed leaves were thin and long, whereas those of developed leaves were broad and thick. Therefore, the length/width ratios of the upper and lower leaves were different. The regressions including the node number in the model resulted in higher R² values with higher estimation accuracy than the previous regression equations for a variety of leaf positions. The ANN estimated areas of leaves located in a variety of positions with higher accuracy using a simpler process than both regression equations. In conclusion, not only the leaf length and width but also the node number are important to estimate leaf area in paprika, and ANN is an effective tool to analyze growth characteristics using various indicators.

광릉숲 천연활엽수림의 수종별 낙엽 현상과 질소 재전류 특성

권보람,김현석,이명종 한국농림기상학회 2019 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.21 No.3

The seasonality of leaf fall has important implications for understanding the response of trees’ phenology to climate change. In this study, we quantified the leaf fall pattern with a model to estimate the timing and speed of leaf litter according to species and considered the nutrient use strategy of canopy species. In the autumns of 2015 and 2016, leaf litter was collected periodically using 36 litter-traps from the deciduous forests in Gwangneung and sorted by species. The seasonal leaf fall pattern was estimated using the non-linear regression model of Dixon. Additionally, the resorption rate was calculated by analyzing the nitrogen concentration of the leaf litter at each collection time. The leaf litter generally began in early October and ended in mid-November depending on the species. At the peak time (T50) of leaf fall, on average, Carpinus laxiflora was first, and Quercus serrata was last. The rate of leaf fall was fastest (18.6 days) for Sorbus alnifolia in 2016 and slowest (40.8 days) for C. cordata in 2015. The nitrogen resorption rates at T50 were 0.45% for Q. serrata and 0.48% for C. laxiflora, and the resorption rate in 2015 with less precipitation was higher than in 2016. Since falling of leaf litter is affected by environmental factors such as temperature, precipitation, photoperiod, and CO2 during the period attached foliage, the leaf fall pattern and nitrogen resorption differed year by year depending on the species. If we quantify the fall phenomena of deciduous trees and analyze them according to various conditions, we can predict whether the changes in leaf fall timing and speed due to climate change will prolong or shorten the growth period of trees. In addition, it may be possible to consider how this affects their nutrient use strategy. 본 연구에서는 낙엽 현상을 정량화하는 모델을 적용하여 광릉숲 천연활엽수림에서 수종에 따른 낙엽의 시기와 속도를 추정하고, 이에 따른 상층 수종의 양분 이용특성을 검토하였다. 낙엽은 2015년과 2016년의 가을에 36개의 낙엽수거망을 이용해 주기적으로 수집하였으며, 5개 수종으로 분류하여 측정한 건중량을 딕슨의 모델에 적용했다. 또한 수집시기마다 낙엽의 질소농도를 분석하여 재전류율을 산출하였다. 광릉숲의 낙엽은 10월 초에 시작하여 11월 중순까지 떨어졌는데, 수종에 따라 두 해에 다른 경향을 보였다. 평균적으로 낙엽이 절정인 시기는 상층의 서어나무가 먼저, 졸참나무가 가장 늦게 나타났고, 낙엽의 속도는 팥배나무가 최소 18.6일 동안 빠르게, 까치박달이 최대 40.8일 동안 천천히 나타났다. 한편 낙엽이 절정일 때 상층 수종의 질소 재전류율은 졸참나무 평균 0.45%, 서어나무 평균 0.48%로 나타났으며, 졸참나무의 재전류율은 강수량이 적었던 2015년에 높게 나타났다. 잎은 달려있던 기간의 기온, 강수량, 광주기, CO2 등의 환경변화에 영향을 받아 탈락되므로 낙엽 현상과 재전류율은 수종에 따라 연간 다른 경향의 차이를 보였다. 향후 낙엽수들의 계절현상을 정량화하고 여러 조건에 따라 비교⋅분석 한다면 기후변화에 의한 낙엽 시기와 속도의 조절이 수목의 생육 기간을 연장 혹은 단축할 지를 예측하고, 이것이 양분이용특성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 구명할 수 있을 것이다.

침엽수 낙엽을 활용한 기능성 펄프몰드 제조

김동성(Dong Sung Kim),김형민(Hyung Min Kim),성용주(Yong Joo Sung),강석구(Seog Goo Kang),강호양(Ho-Yang Kang),이준우(Jun-Woo Lee),김세빈(Se Bin Kim) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2016 펄프.종이기술 Vol.48 No.1

The coniferous fallen leaf is one of the major forestry residues. Since the coniferous fallen leaf would not be easily decayed, the large amount of the coniferous fallen leaves in forestry could be the source of forest fire. The applicability of the fallen leaves to the pulp mold were evaluated for developing new utilization of coniferous fallen leaves. The morphological properties and the chemical composition of the fallen leaves of Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis were evaluated by the comparison with those of fresh leaves. The applicability of the coniferous fallen leaves to the pulp mold and the effects on the pulp mold properties including the scent diffusion were investigated. The fallen leaves showed the shrunk structure by losing the hot water extract component, which leaded to better grinding properties than that of fresh leaves. The pulp mold with fallen leaves showed higher strength properties than the pulp mold with fresh leaves. Although the scent of the pulp mold with fresh leaves was stronger, the pulp mold with fallen leaves had coniferous scent too. The application of fallen leaves to pulp mold for the functional properties could be possible by improving the mechanical properties and the scent lasting treatments.

The Impact of the Morphological Characteristics of Leaves on Particulate Matter Removal Efficiency of Plants

Deokjoo Son,Kwang Jin Kim,Na Ra Jeong,Hyung Gewon Yun,Seung Won Han,Jeongho Kim,Gyung-Ran Do,Seon Hwa Lee,Charlotte C,Shagol 인간식물환경학회 2019 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.22 No.6

This study was conducted to find out differences in the removal efficiency of particulate matter (PM) depending on the type of plants and the morphological characteristics of leaves. A total of 12 plants were used, with three plants selected for each type of leaves (big leaf, small leaf, compound leaf, needle leaf). We measured the removed amount of PM10 and PM2.5, the structure of the abaxial leaf surface, and the weight of the wax layer of each plant. Plants with the high removal efficiency of PM included Pachira aquatica Aubl., Ardisia crenata, and Dieffenbachia Marianne , and plants with the low removal efficiency included Nandina domestica Thunb, Schefflera arboricola, and Quercus dentata. The abaxial leaf surface having a high removal efficiency of PM had many large wrinkles, and the abaxial leaf surface having a medium removal efficiency was flat and smooth. On the other hand, there were many fine hairs on the abaxial leaf surface with a low removal efficiency. According to the plant leaf type, the PM10 removal efficiency of plants with needle leaves was about three times higher than that of other plants. In particular, the wax layer of conifers weighed 6-24 times higher than those of other plants. The stomata of conifers were evenly distributed on the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces; however, the stomata of Sciadopitys verticillata appeared in the form of papillae unlike general stomata. Therefore, the removal efficiency of PM varied depending on the macro-, and micro-morphological characteristics of plant leaves such as the structure of the abaxial leaf surface, and the weight of the wax layer. Based on this research, selecting plants that are effective in reducing PM in consideration of the plant type and leaf characteristics will improve indoor air quality and decrease exposure of PM to human body.

The Impact of the Morphological Characteristics of Leaves on Particulate Matter Removal Efficiency of Plants

손덕주,김광진,정나라,윤형권,한승원,김정호,도경란,이선화,Charlotte C. Shagol 인간식물환경학회 2019 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.22 No.6

This study was conducted to find out differences in the removal efficiency of particulate matter (PM) depending on the type of plants and the morphological characteristics of leaves. A total of 12 plants were used, with three plants selected for each type of leaves (big leaf, small leaf, compound leaf, needle leaf). We measured the removed amount of PM10 and PM2.5, the structure of the abaxial leaf surface, and the weight of the wax layer of each plant. Plants with the high removal efficiency of PM included Pachira aquatica Aubl., Ardisia crenata, and Dieffenbachia 'Marianne', and plants with the low removal efficiency included Nandina domestica Thunb, Schefflera arboricola, and Quercus dentata. The abaxial leaf surface having a high removal efficiency of PM had many large wrinkles, and the abaxial leaf surface having a medium removal efficiency was flat and smooth. On the other hand, there were many fine hairs on the abaxial leaf surface with a low removal efficiency. According to the plant leaf type, the PM10 removal efficiency of plants with needle leaves was about three times higher than that of other plants. In particular, the wax layer of conifers weighed 6-24 times higher than those of other plants. The stomata of conifers were evenly distributed on the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces; however, the stomata of Sciadopitys verticillata appeared in the form of papillae unlike general stomata. Therefore, the removal efficiency of PM varied depending on the macro-, and micro-morphological characteristics of plant leaves such as the structure of the abaxial leaf surface, and the weight of the wax layer. Based on this research, selecting plants that are effective in reducing PM in consideration of the plant type and leaf characteristics will improve indoor air quality and decrease exposure of PM to human body.

연초 III형 Grey엽의 발생양상과 화학성분 특성

이철환,진정의,한철수,Lee, Chul-Hwan,Jin, Jeong-Eui,Han, Chul-Soo 한국연초학회 1996 한국연초학회지 Vol.18 No.2

The occurrence and chemical properties of grey tobacco leaves (Type III) found in 1995 crop of flue-cured tobacco cultivated in paddy field were investigated to compare with those of normal leaves. Cured leaves of NC82 were separated by visual characters into 3 classes of slight, fair and severe symptoms of grey leaf by the percentage of grey parts to whole leaf area. Number of samples classified with discoloring portion was the order of greyish brown > reddish brown > greyish yellow, respectively. Grey leaves of this type were mostly found among the leaves harvested from upper stalk position, and it was estimated that growth rate of upper leaves also influenced on the occurrence of grey leaves. Grey leaves showed remarkably lower b* and L* values than those of normal leaves, while a* value was mostly higher in grey leaves. These tendencies in chromatic aberration showed more remarkable difference in the degree of grey symptoms. Chemical analyses of grey leaf samples indicated that they contained less total nitrogen and nicotine, and more total sugar and starch than those of normal leaves. In chemical traits, these tendencies were accordance with the degree of grey symptoms, and within the same leaf, grey parts were decreased in total nitrogen and ether extract content compared with those of normal parts, but there was no difference in nicotine and Cl contents. Key words : grey leaf tobacco (type III), grey symptom, color, chemical properties.

연구논문 : 뽕잎 항산화능 및 뽕잎가루 머핀의 품질특성

이혜연 ( Hye Yeon Lee ),정현아 ( Hyeon A Jung ),김동한 ( Dong Han Kim ),권후자 ( Hoo Ja Kwon ),이명희 ( Myung Hee Lee ),김안나 ( An Na Kim ),박찬성 ( Chan Sung Park ),양경미 ( Kyung Mi Yang ),배현주 ( Hyun Joo Bae ) 한국식품조리과학회(구 한국조리과학회) 2011 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.27 No.4

The function of mulberry leaves and the quality of muffins including mulberry leaves were examined. The electron donating ability of both a water and ethanol extract was 40% for both at 100 ppm, 62 and 72% at 500 ppm, and 77 and 83% at 1,000 ppm respectively. These experiments showed good oxidized substance activity. The SOD-like ability of the water and ethanol extracts at 1,000, 500, and 300 ppm was 49% and 55%, 33% and 39%, and 28% and 33% respectively. These results show that the ethanol extract had higher SOD-like ability than that of the water extract. The nitrite scavenging abilities of 1,000 ppm of the mulberry leaf water extract and ethanol extract at pHs of 1.2 and 3.0 were 40.5 and 47%, and 20 and 22% respectively. The Hunter lightness value tended to be lower as the amount of added mulberry leaves increased compared to the contrast set, so the lightness level with a 7% addition was the lowest. The contrast set was the highest for redness and added mulberry leaves tended to decrease redness at 3% but tended to increase it again with additions >3%. The b-value (yellowness) showed a similar tendency as redness. Adding Mulberry leaves tended to decrease the contrast set to the lowest level, then values increased slowly to a peak at 5% added mulberry leaf and then decreased thereafter. Strength and hardness were less after increasing added mulberry leaf. Cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and brittleness, decreased at up to 5% added mulberry leaves but the 7% addition showed the same level as the contrast set. The mulberry leaves muffins were less preferred to the contrast set in appearance and color. However, the mulberry leaf muffins were preferred to the contrast set in taste and flavor but the result was not significant. Overall the quality of the muffins with 3% added mulberry leaves was preferred over the 1% added mulberry leaf muffins.