경관평가연구의 국내외 동향

주신하,임승빈 한국조경학회 2000 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.28 No.2

The purpose of this study is to overview domestic and foreign trends in the study of the landscape evaluation through new framework of landscape evaluation studies. 108 studies on the landscape evaluation are summarized and categorized into theoretical studies, verification of theories, development of evaluation methods and applications in physical planning. Major theories in the landscape evaluation came from the psycho-physics, the evolutionary theory ann the cultural-learning theory, and were verified and applied into physical planning. Early experimental researches on landscape evaluation, based on psycho-physics, were focused on relatively simple responses to landscapes. But many studies have been gradually related to the evolutionary theory and the cultural learning theory, emphasizing biological and cultural effects on landscape evaluation. Especially, Appleton's Prospect-Refuge theory' and Kaplans' 'Information Processing model' have very strong influence in landscape evaluation. Relatively there have been many application researches in Korea, which tells there have been strong needs to solve pending practical problems caused by the rapid economic and social growth for several decades. Almost of applications in physical planning are focused on physical features of landscapes, but for more comprehensive landscape evaluation, many other factors such as cognitive and sociocultural variables should be integrated into the whole evaluation system. As a result of reviewing of landscape evaluation studies, I found the overall domestic and foreign trends and the necessity of more research on the applications in physical planning. Because this study mainly focused on academic researches, for more appropriate landscape evaluation and management there should be more practical researches including various approaches.

경관심의 건축물 색채평가의 심의전문가 가치기준에 관한 연구 - 울산광역시 경관심의 전문가 대상 설문연구를 중심으로 -

신선영 ( Sunyoung Shin ),이규백 ( Gyoobaek Lee ) 한국공간디자인학회 2019 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.14 No.2

(Background and Purpose) In landscapes, buildings are visually recognized by horizontal and vertical formative elements such as the front, mouth, side, and back of each building when constructing areas or cities, which provide emotional information. In addition, guidelines and checklist deliberations of the landscape review―the criteria for evaluating the color of buildings―are systematically applied. It is necessary to reapply through social differentiation and professional color research. This survey provides a very important basis for evaluating the color of buildings in the landscape and will serve as the basis for future research. (Method) This study visited 29 deliberation experts who participated in the evaluation of the color of the building in Ulsan Metropolitan City and conducted the questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was developed for each item in three areas: color education and deliberation experience level, color evaluation level, S 23.0 was used to perform a t-test to summarize the results of the three areas and details of the entire survey. (Result) The fact that the members of the deliberation committee have a high need for color education and courses to enhance their color education and experience, and that they should raise their interest and expertise in color through education and experience, while recognizing the importance of building colors, and the low satisfaction with color evaluation deliberations required a study to develop detailed checklists on building color evaluation. In color evaluation, it is necessary to comply with each item of checklist. It is necessary to maximize objectivity and satisfaction of deliberation through detailed evaluation by developing evaluation items and contents. As the color is not given priority through the questionnaire of evaluation factors and other evaluation conditions, The evaluation of color elements for the color factor is highly influential, so it can be said that it is very important to reflect the evaluation of color, brightness, saturation and hue. (Conclusion) Surveys and statistical studies on the value standards of deliberation experts in the evaluation of landscape design are important research results in landscapes. The color elements of buildings that occupy a large area of landscape are important factors that stabilize and revitalize human beings through emotions. These detailed findings are important to consider in the evaluation of the color of the landscaped buildings as the landscape development by industrialization and urbanization is progressing. Through more developmental studies, the clarity and objectivity of the deliberation committee members should be improved to create a landscape suitable for life, and the results of this study will serve as a standard for future research.

Urban Landscape Innovative Design and Its Evaluation

Li Yan,Yichuan Zhang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.9 No.12

Innovation is the soul of landscape design, and studying the innovative design methods of landscape and evaluating it have significant meanings. This research classifies landscape design innovation into 9 types: cultural art innovation, functional position innovation, technological and scientific application innovation, space usage innovation, environmental protection innovation, service object innovation, economic efficiency innovation, social development innovation and industry chain innovation. Landscape design innovation is aimed at creating a landscape environment, which can be more in line with the long-term interests of the public. Landscape design innovation can be evaluated from 8 aspects: visual art evaluation, physiological comfort level evaluation, convenience evaluation, resource and environment evaluation, psychological satisfaction degree evaluation, POE evaluation, input-output evaluation, social integration evaluation and life cycle evaluation. The evaluation of innovation aims to ensure that the creative landscape design works could be carried out to provide the public with service and experiences of higher quality.

주민참여에 의한 농촌경관자원조사 방법 연구 -경관맵 사례 분석을 중심으로-

이정원 ( Jeong Won Lee ),윤진옥 ( Yoon Jin Ok ),임승빈 ( Seung Bin Im ) 한국농촌계획학회 2010 농촌계획 Vol.16 No.4

Rural landscape is an outcome of residents` life activity based on natural environment. Unlike city, rural residents make their own landscape over a period of time interacting with nature through cultivating and building houses and huts based on the background. Therefore, residents` role in rural area is of greater importance than city`s and their recognition of landscape is a key factor to evaluate and manage rural landscape. Landscape Evaluation Map which utilizing Feeling Map method is a evaluation tool to find out residents` recognition of landscape. In this tool, responses evaluate landscape around their living space and mark color dots which mean landscape grade on a map. This research is to examine effectiveness and applicability of the tool, Landscape Evaluation Map, which is recommended to estimate residents` evaluation of landscape. Through analyzing 7 cases of field application, the effectiveness of Landscape Evaluation Map has been verified and also demerits have been drawn. After modifying detailed techniques and developing resident education, Landscape evaluation map could be applied to find out landscape resources rather than to evaluate whole rural landscape.

광주광역시 공동주택 경관 디자인 구성 요소에 따른 경관심의 평가 사례 연구

최성경,기성간,문정민 한국주거학회 2023 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.34 No.4

The purpose of this study is to classify the apartment landscape deliberation and evaluation standards by element according to the apartment landscape design characteristics, and to examine the current status of the recent apartment housing review and evaluation. A total of 12 elements were derived for the elements of landscape deliberation and evaluation of apartment houses: 2 humanistic landscape elements, 4 physical complex external landscape elements, 4 physical complex internal landscape elements, and 2 other elements, according to the landscape characteristics of the apartment house. For case analysis of apartment housing landscape deliberation evaluation, the contents of deliberation and evaluation of 7 cases of apartment housing landscape review conducted in Gwangju between 2020 and 2022 were examined. There were a total of 184 reviews, and the evaluation frequency ranking by element was high in the order of public space, landscaping, skyline・ view・latus rectum axis, elevation pattern・material・color. 본 연구의 목적은 공동주택 경관 심의평가 기준을 공동주택 경관 디자인 특성에 맞게 요소별로 분류하여, 최근 공동주택 심의 평가 내용의 현황을 살펴보고자 한다. 공동주택 경관 심의평가 요소는 공동주택의 경관 특성에 따라 인문학적 경관 요소 2개, 물리적 단지 외부경관 요소 4개, 물리적 단지 내부경관 요소 4개, 기타요소 2개로 총 12개 요소를 도출하였다. 공동주택 경관 심의 평가 사례분석을 위해 2020년부터 2022년 사이에 광주광역시에서 진행된 공동주택 경관심의 사례 7건의 심의 평가 내용을 살펴보았다. 심사평가 의견은 총 184개로 요소별 평가 빈도 순위는 공개공지, 조경, 스카이라인· 조망·통경축, 입면 패턴· 재료·색채 순으로 높게 나타났다.

시계열 조화모델 기반의 자연성상록경관지수(NELI) 도출 - 5년간의 MODIS 위성영상의 EVI자료 활용 -

강동진,손용훈,김도은 한국경관학회 2023 한국경관학회지 Vol.15 No.1

In spatial planning, landscape evaluation is the relationship between people and the environment itself, so it has the difficulty of being ambiguous and subjective. However, landscape evaluation is a useful indicator for evaluating the quality of the environment in a region, which covers a variety of environmental variables. Therefore, it is necessary to derive indicators for evaluating and utilizing landscape quality. This study was conducted as part of a research project to find the optimal technique for evaluating and utilizing landscape quality, and to develop an evaluation system. The purpose of this study is to suggest a method for utilizing a quantitative indicator for evaluating naturalness using a vegetation index (VI) to quantify the naturalness of the landscape in a variety of landscape quality fields. Vegetation indices are widely used as data for evaluating the vitality of greenery and the naturalness of the landscape. The vegetation indices used for landscape naturalness assessment are derived and utilized by analyzing satellite images. In Korea, due to factors such as frequent cloud formation and rainy season, it is difficult to acquire time-series images. Therefore, most studies have used vegetation indices for a single period in spring or autumn. However, using a single-period vegetation index as an indicator of the naturalness of the landscape that is perceived in daily life has limitations in representing the actual quality of the landscape that is perceived continuously in daily life. In order to solve these problems, this study analyzed the trend of vegetation change over 5 years using MODIS satellite EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index) data and Google Earth Engine. Based on the time-series harmonic model regression equation, which is calculated on a cell-by-cell basis with the time-series EVI value as the dependent variable, the coefficient derived from the regression equation was used to reduce the error of single-period image analysis and to reflect the evergreenness of vegetation. The Natural Evergreen Landscape Index (NELI) was derived to represent the evergreenness of the landscape naturalness among the landscape naturalness, and the values of the landscape naturalness were visualized. The characteristics of the time-series harmonic model-based vegetation index change and NELI were confirmed by comparing the measured values and regression equations at the basis points. NELI can be utilized as an indicator for evaluating the quality of the environment in spatial planning through the numericalization of the landscape natural evergreenness that is not limited to one period.

A Study on the Development of Port Landscape Potential Evaluation Indexes

Taeyeol Jung,Kummi Park 전북대학교 휴양및경관계획연구소 2015 휴양및경관연구 (J East Asian Landscape Studies) Vol.9 No.3

본 연구는 우리나라 항만 고유의 기능 및 특성과 지역의 정체성을 접목하여, 그 가치를 평가 할 수 있는 항만 경관 잠재력 평가지표 도출 및 중요도 분석을 하였다. 연구 목적 달성을 위해 첫째, 항만 경관 잠재력 평가지표 개발을 위한 선행 연구 및 문헌분석 후 하위 평가지표를 도출하였다. 둘째, 전문가 인터뷰를 통해 객관적으로 평가 할 수 있는 상위지 표 기준을 도출 하여 상위 평가지표를 선정하였다. 그리고 그 평가지표를 기준으로 계층 모형을 구축하여 항만관련 분야 의 공무원(해양경찰), 공기업(항만공사), 설계기관(엔지니어링), 학계(교수, 연구원)의 전문가 집단 70명을 대상으로 평가 지표에 대한 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 설문 분석 방법으로는 응답자 속성을 알기 위해 SPSS 20.0.ver을 활용하여 빈도분 석을 실시하였으며, 항만의 경관 잠재력 평가지표를 도출하여 중요도 및 우선순위를 알기 위해 AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)분석에서 보편적으로 쓰이는 Expert Choice 11.5.ver의 프로그램을 사용하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 항만 경관 잠재력 상위 평가지표 4개(항만의 기능, 항만의 경관자원, 파급효과, 지속가능) 와 하위지표 12개(항만의 규모, 항만의 접근성, 항만의 이용실적, 자연자원, 인문자원, 시점자원, 랜드마크자원, 항만의 시설자원, 배 후 세력권, 홍보 기회, 지자체 역량, 수요예측)를 도출하였다. 둘째, 상위지표는 항만의 기능과 항만의 경관자원이 상대적 으로 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 하위지표는 항만의 기능은 항만의 접근성이, 항만의 경관자원은 자연자원이, 파급효과는 배후 세력권이, 지속 가능은 지자체 역량이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 종합 중요도 및 우선순위 분석 결과 항만의 접근 성, 자연자원, 배후 세력권, 랜드마크 자원이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 향후 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 항만 고유의 정체성을 반영한 항만 경관계획이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. This study combined the unique functions and characteristics of ports in our country with local identity, and derived port landscape potential evaluation indexes to appnaise the importance of the inherent characteristicsand natural landscape. In order to achieve the study purpose, first, preceding researches and literatures were examined to develop port landscape potential evaluation indexes, and then low evaluation indexes were derived. Second, through interviews with professionals, high level evaluation indexes were selected after deriving high level index criteria needed for objective evaluation. Based on the evaluation indexes, a hierarchy model was established, and a survey regarding evaluation indexes was performed targeting civil servants (maritime police), public enterprise (Port Authority), designing institutes (engineering), and 70 researchers and professors (academic world). For the survey, frequency analysis was conducted by using SPSS 20.0.ver, and Expert Choice 11.5.ver, which is normally used for AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) analysis, and it was used to learn the importance and priority after deriving port landscape potential evaluation index. The study results are as below. First, as a result of analyzing the relative importance, it has been shown that 4 high level indexes (port functions, port landscape resources, Ripple Effects, and s ustainability) and 12 low level indexes (port size, port accessibility, port use results, natural resources, cultural resources, viewpoint resources, landmark resources, port facility resources, background sphere of influence, promotion opportunity, competence of local government, demand prediction). Second, as a result of the relative importance of low level indexes, port accessibility of port functions, natural resources of port landscape resources, background sphere of influence of ripple effects, and competence of local government of sustainability turned out to have high importance. Third, as a result of analyzing the comprehensive importance and priority, port accessibility, natural resources, background sphere of influence, and landmark resources turned out to have relatively high importance and priority. Third, as a result of analyzing the comprehensive importance and priority, port accessibility, natural resources, background sphere of influence, and landmark resources turned out to have relatively high importance and priority From this point, based on the result of this research, it is recommended to build a port plan reflecting on its unique identity.

경관영향 요소별 경관 대비성 평가 - 자연경관에 도입되는 건축물을 중심으로 -

최원빈,신지훈,Choi, Won-Bin,Shin, Ji-Hoon 한국농촌계획학회 2018 농촌계획 Vol.24 No.3

While cities became bigger and bigger since 1990s, many indiscretely high buildings started to be built in the mountain areas inside a city and in the rural areas in the suburb of each city. To regulate such indiscrete developments, the government prepared for some relevant legal and institutional criteria by having enacted the "Landscape Act" and established a strong management means in the legal and institutional aspects by having introduced the natural landscape deliberation system and the landscape deliberation one into the "Natural Environment Conservation Act." However, since some uniform levels of absolute height and no. of stories are suggested legally and institutionally, it is hard to consider the effects of a real building structure onto the relevant landscape. Accordingly, this thesis is intended to grasp the contrast of the landscape elements in the allowable height section, which is presented through landscape sensitivity. As the results from the visual contrast rating on a small apartment complex located in Dangjin and a large scale of apartment complex in Seosan as the apartment complexes surrounded with natural landscapes that were selected as the subjects of this study, the following conclusion can be finalized. First, there were deducted some factors, that is, forms, lines, colors, textures and sizes as the ones with which can measure and evaluate the contrasting properties when a structure gets into a natural landscape. Second, in case of a small scale of apartment complex (in the foreground) compared to a large one (in the foreground), it was found that the contrasting properties were bigger. In addition, it was also found that the contrasting property of the landscape factor of the foreground compared to that of the middle one becomes bigger depending on a distance. Third, as the results from an evaluation on the contrasting properties of the landscape factor depending on the changes of each floor of a structure, it was found that the factors, that is, forms, lines, colors, textures and sizes are very significant. Among those factors, the factors, forms and lines in a small scale of apartment complex (in the foreground) showed each log regression. But in all of the other cases, they showed each line regression. Fourth, as the results from examining the regression coefficients of the landscape factor, the coefficients of the shapes and lines have similar coefficients and the colors and the textures have similar ones, too. In case of the sizes of apartment complexes, the colors and the textures of a large apartment complex (in the foreground) have similar coefficients, in case of that in the middle ground, the shapes and lines have similar coefficients. Fifth, as the results from estimating the contrasting properties of the landscape factor on the floors within the allowed scope of the landscape sensitivity, it was found that the contrasting property was 3.5 to 4.9 in case of a small scale of apartment complex (in the foreground), but 2.5to 3.7 in case of a small scale of one. In case of a large scale of apartment complex, the value was 3.5 to 5.3, but in case of a large one in the middle ground was 2.9 to 4.9. Sixth, it was comprehended that the contrasting properties of the landscape factor become different depending on each size of apartment complex and the distance of a view point. In this study, it is intended to find the meaning from the aspect that the results can be used as the baseline data for comprehending a proper range of heights of structures objectively during a natural landscape deliberation or a landscape deliberation.

교량 경간장에 따른 도시교량경관 선호도 분석 : 대전시의 거더교를 중심으로

이시영,이희정,심준영 전북대학교 부설 휴양및경관계획연구소 2013 휴양및경관연구 (J East Asian Landscape Studies) Vol.7 No.2

도시하천교량은 하천변 이용의 증가에 따른 노출빈도가 높아지고 도시경관 이미지 형성에 있어서 중요한 랜드마크 역할을 하고 있다. 본 연구는 대전시 3대하천의 거더교량을 대상으로 교량경간장이 도시교량 경관의 선호도에 미치는 영향을 밝혀 도시 및 도시하천의 주 경관 형성요소로서 교량경관의 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구방법으로는 문헌조사방법으로 기존의 연구논문과 이론에 관한 서적들을 통해 교량의 개념과 분류를 고찰하고 교량경관이 가지는 미학이론과 교량의 미적구성요소들을 살펴본 후 교량경관 평가 시 시각적인 요소로서 주의해야할 시점과 구도에 대해 고찰하였다. 그리고 경관분석 및 평가방법에 관한 이론을 고찰, 정리하여 교량경관평가 모형을 설정하였다.연구의 결과, 34개의 교량경관 이미지 중 ‘도시적인’ 평균이 가장 높게 나온 이미지는 건물이 전체 경관에서 차지하는 비율이 높았다. 34개의 교량경관 이미지가 ‘도시적인’ 설문을 통해 5개의 유형으로 구분되어 졌다. 요인1과 요인4가 ‘도시적인’ 평균이 가장 높게 나타났고 요인2가 ‘도시적인’ 평균이 가장 낮게 나타났다. 2개의 변수로 시뮬레이션하여 총 10개의 슬라이드를 가지고 선호도 조사를 실시한 결과, 시뮬레이션한 경관 중에서 경간장 3:4:4:3의 비율이 도입된 경관의 선호도가 비교적 높게 나타나고 있으며 하천의 폭과 교장에 따라 다른 선호도를 보였다. 본 연구결과 교량 설계시 교량이 가지는 원래의 기능에 충실한 동시에 교량 형태의 미학적인 측면에서의 아름다움도 중요하지만 교량의 경간장과 주변경관과의 조화를 통해서도 교량의 아름다움을 전달할 수 있다고 판단된다. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the span length of the bridge according to background landscape on the preference by setting the span length of the bridge as variable. Study methods are as follows: it examined the concepts and classification through books related to existing research papers and theories based on the literature surveys to suggest the theoretical basis for case studies, and it explored point of time to be careful and composition as visual factors in the evaluation of bridge landscape after examining aesthetic theory of bridge landscape and the aesthetic composition factors of the bridge. In addition, it set up the bridge landscape evaluation model by examining and organizing theories on the landscape analysis and evaluation method.The findings of the study are as follows: In the image, which had the highest mean in 'urban-style' in 34 bridge landscape images, the rate of building accounted for a high percentage in the entire landscape. 34 bridge landscape images were classified with five types through 'urban-style' questions. Factor 1 and factor 4 showed the highest mean in 'urban-style,' while factor 2 showed the lowest mean in 'urban style.' As a result of preference surveys with a total of ten slides by conducting simulations with two variables, preferences were different according to the width of streams and a total length of a bridge in contrast to the expectation that the preference of landscape of 3:4:4:3, in which the ratio of the span length of the bridge is wide among simulation landscapes, would be the highest.

경관에 대한 인상평가와 경관개선 효과에 관한 연구 - 나가사키시 히가시야마테 전통적 건조물 보존지역을 대상으로 -

임동균,스기야마 카즈이치,김응남,김대영 국토지리학회 2016 국토지리학회지 Vol.50 No.2

In this paper, We propose a method to analyze and quantitatively evaluate the impression of the objects that make up landscape. To discover the characteristics of each grade and the effect of landscape for improvement to have a better landscape. In relation to this, The Site was selected by important preservation district of historic buildings of Higashi yamate in Nagasaki city. We collected datas about impression evaluation of Japanese students. The relationship of objects were analyzed quantitatively by using quantification theory and cluster analysis. We carried out simulation of landscape improvement effect by introducing the weight of the impression of all objects. The effect of hiding the objects were evaluated to be low level as simulated. As a result, We analyse the influence of objects on the evaluation of landscape. As a result of this study, Analysis showed that our novel evaluation system for landscape is effective. And with this simulation, We were able to efficiently grasp the point of impression and the effect of landscape improvement. 본 논문의 목적은 경관을 구성하는 대상물에 대한 인상을 정량적으로 평가하여 분류하고, 등급별 특징을 제시하는데 있다. 또한, 지역의 인상도가 높은 경관 창출을 위한 경관개선 효과를 밝히고자 한다. 이를 위해 일본 나가사키시 히가시야마테의 전통적 건조물 보존지역을 연구대상지로 선정하고, 일본인 학생의 인상평가를 수집 및 분석하여 경관을 구성하는 대상물 분류의 정량화를 실시하였다. 이를 통해 얻어진 경관분석 결과에 인상 강도를 도입함으로써 경관개선 효과 시뮬레이션을 실시하였다. 시뮬레이션의 결과를 통해 경관을 구성하고 있는 각각의 대상물이 경관 전체의 평가에 미치는 영향을 파악할 수 있었다. 분석 결과 본 연구에서 제시한 경관을 구성하는 대상물에 대한 인상을 정량적으로 평가, 분류하는 방법과 이를 통해 얻어진 결과를 이용한 시뮬레이션이 지역 전체의 인상도와 경관개선 효과를 효율적으로 파악할 수 있었다.