한국인의 연령별 일본 이미지와 관련 요인 -국민의식과 일본에 대한 관심을 중심으로-

카가미토미요 ( Kagami,Tomiyo ),박애스더 ( Esther Park ),오카무라카요 ( Okamura Kayo ),코마츠미도리 ( Komatsu Midori ) 한국일어일문학회 2015 日語日文學硏究 Vol.94 No.2

이 연구는 한국인의 연령별 국민의식과 일본에 대한 관심도가 일본 이미지와 어떠한 관련이 있는지 검토하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위한 연구 방법으로 인터넷을 통한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구 대상은 2012년 12월 현재 한국에 거주하고 있는 13-18세, 20세, 25-29세, 30대, 40대, 50대, 60대 이상의 각 연령, 총 1049명이다. 설문지 내용은 다음과 같다. 일본 이미지 척도는 카가미 토미요, 박지선 외 (加賀美常美代·朴志仙 ほか, 2010)에서 사용한 형용사 19항목에 사회적, 환경적인 내용을 추가하여 40항목을 작성하였다. 국민의식 척도는 카라사와 미노루(唐澤穰, 1994)의 ‘국민의식 척도 일본어판’을 토대로 한국인 유학생 5명의 인터뷰를 통해 얻은 항목들을 추가하여 작성하였다. 일본에 대한 관심은 카가미 토미요, 박지선 외 (2010)의 18항목으로 구성된 척도를 사용하였다. 분석은 SPSS에 의한 통계 분석을 실시하였다. 이 연구의 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 일본 이미지의 요인 분석 결과, ‘신뢰성’, ‘집단주의적 선진성’, ‘재해·사회문제의 심각화’, ‘공격성’, ‘개방성’의 5개 요인이 추출되었다. 둘째, 한국인의 국민의식에 관한 요인 분석 결과, ‘한국인으로서의 자존심’, ‘국가적 우월성’, ‘외국에 대한 개방성’, ‘저(低)자기 관여적 배타성’, ‘한국의 발전 우선’의 5개 요인이 추출되었다. 셋째, 일본에 대한 관심에 관한 요인 분석 결과, ‘일본과의 적극적 접촉’, ‘국제적 문제’, ‘일본 대중문화’, ‘한일간 영토·역사문제’의 4개 요인이 추출되었다. 이를 바탕으로 한국인의 국민의식과 일본에 대한 관심이, 일본 이미지에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 검토하기 위해 일본 이미지를 종속변수, 국민의식·일본에 대한 관심을 독립변수로 한 중회귀 분석을 연령대별(10대, 20대, 30·40대, 50대 이상)로 실시하였다. 그 결과, 긍정적 이미지에 영향을 주는 요인은 일본에 대한 관심의 하위 요인 중 ‘일본과의 적극적 접촉’과 ‘일본 대중문화’의 2개 요인으로 밝혀졌으며, 이러한 요인들이 동시에 있을 경우, ‘신뢰성’, ‘개방성’과 같은 일본에 대한 친화적 이미지에 영향을 주는 것(카가미, 2013)으로 나타났다. 10대~40대까지는 영토·역사문제에 대한 관심의 정도가 낮은 것이 신뢰성에 영향을 주었다. 또한 ‘일본과의 적극적 접촉’은 ‘집단주의적 선진성’과 같은 다양하고 다각적인 일본 이미지에 영향을 미치는 점이 명확해졌다. 한편, 부정적 이미지에 영향을 주는 요인은 ‘국제적 문제’임이 밝혀졌으며, 10-40대까지는 국제적인 문제에 관심을 갖는 경우, 이것이 일본의 공격성 이미지와 관련이 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 인터넷이나 TV에 의해 국제적인 문제를 일상적으로 접하고 있기 때문이라고 생각할 수 있다. 더욱이 30대 이상의 연령층은 국민의식 중 ‘국가적 우월성’을 가진 경우, 이것이 일본의 공격성 이미지와 관련이 있었다. 이처럼 일본 이미지 형성 요인에 한국인의 사회적 아이덴티티가 관련이 있다고 할 수 있다. 이상의 결과는 일본 이미지의 형성에 관한 새로운 측면으로, 한국인의 일본에 대한 적극적 접촉이나 일본의 대중문화에 대한 관심의 정도뿐만 아니라, 한국인의 국민의식이 관련 요인으로써 크게 영향을 미친다는 것을 밝혔다. The purpose of this study is to investigate how Koreans’ National Identity(NI) in different age groups and their interests in Japan relate to the perception of Japan. This investigation was performed through online survey. The survey, completed on December 2012, was conducted with a total of 1049 samples in 5 different age groups: age 13-18, 20, 25-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and +60. In terms of the subjects’ residential distribution, there was no significant difference among different areas: 374 for Seoul, 260 for Gyeonggi-do, 262 for metropolitan cities, and 180 for other areas. There was no skewed effect based on location. Contents of the survey are as follows; to assess barometer for image toward Japan, 40 items including 19 adjectives from Kagami, Park, et al(2010) and other social and environmental items were used. Barometer of NI was composed after inspecting ‘Scale of NI-Japanese version’devised by Karasawa(1994) as a reference. 18 items from Kagami, Park, et al(2010) were utilized to scrutinize interest toward Japan. As a result of factor analysis pertaining to image toward Japan, five factors including ‘credibility’, ‘collectivistic advancement’, ‘deterioration of natural disaster and social problems’, ‘belligerence’, and ‘openness’ were extracted. As a result of analysis pertaining to Koreans’ NI, five factors including ‘pride as Korean’, ‘national superiority’, ‘openness toward foreign nations’, ‘exclusivity toward low relevance’, ‘development of Korea first’ were also extracted. As a result of analysis pertaining to interests in Japan, four factors including ‘active contact with Japan’, ‘international problems’, ‘popular culture of Japan’, ‘territorial and historical dispute between Korean and Japan’ were extracted as well. Based on these findings, to investigate how NI and interests in Japan influence Koreans’ perception of Japan, regression analysis via stepwise method was conducted by setting ‘the image toward Japan’ as a dependent variable and ‘NI’ and ‘interest regarding Japan’ as independent variables. Respective analyses were conducted in different age groups (13-18, 25-29, 30-49, +50). As a result, ‘active contact’ and ‘popular culture’ turned out to be the factors that affect Image of Japan positively. Furthermore, these two factors appeared to have influence on ‘credibility’ and ‘openness’ that endorse friendly image to Japan. Low interests in territorial and historical problem from teens to subjects in the 40s affected ‘credibility’. Furthermore, ‘active contact toward Japan’ appeared to affect various and multidimensional image of Japan, such as ‘collectivistic advancement’. On the other hand, ‘international problems’ turned out be a factor that affects image of japan negatively. For subjects from teens to the 40s who showed concerned over ‘international problems’, they appeared to relate their opinions to ‘belligerence’. Furthermore, subjects +30 appeared to perceive that there are relations between ‘Japan’s belligerence’ and ‘national superiority’. Based on these outcomes, it can be stated that Korean’s social identity can have possible effect in forming image of Japan. As outcomes from the above indicate, this particular study revealed some of new factors that have tremendous influence in forming image of Japan. These factors include ‘active contact with Japan’, degree of interests in the‘popular culture of Japan’ as well as ‘Korean’s NI’.

동아시아 일본어학습자에게 보이는 일본이미지

김의영 ( Kim Eui-young ) 한국일어교육학회 2017 일본어교육연구 Vol.0 No.39

본고에서는 한국인, 중국인, 대만인 일본어학습자의 일본이미지에 관하여 비교·고찰하였다. 그 결과 한국인 일본어학습자 A의 경우, 일본유학 이전에는 일본에 대해 부정적이었는데 그 요인에는 역사적 사실과 부정적 이미지를 공유한 친구들 등 A를 둘러싼 사회문화적 환경과 개인적 환경을 들 수 있겠다. 그러나 일본유학 이후 긍정적인 이미지로 변화하였는데, 일본에서의 긍정적인 경험이 변화의 요인으로 보인다. 중국인 일본어학습자 B의 경우, 일본유학 이전이나 이후 모두 긍정적인 이미지가 형성되어 있었다. 그 요인에는, 일본에 긍정적인 부모님과 친구들 등 B의 개인적환경과 일본유학에 대한 긍정적인 평가를 들 수 있겠다. 대만인 일본어학습자 C의 경우, 일본유학 이전과 이후 모두 일본에 대해 긍정적인 이미지를 갖고 있다. 일본에 긍정적인 대만 사회와 C의 가정 환경 등이 긍정적 이미지의 형성요인으로 보인다. 일본유학 이후에는 일본에서의 유학생활과 가정생활에 대한 만족이 일본에 대한 긍정적인 이미지로 이어지고 있는 것으로 보인다. A, B, C 중, 일본이미지에 변화가 있었던 것은 A뿐이며 A, B, C의 공통점으로는 현재 세명 모두 일본에 대해 긍정적 이미지가 강화되어 있다는 것이다. 일본에서의 개인적 경험과 삶이 세 학습자에게 의미 있는 것으로 인식되어 있고 이러한 긍정적인 인식이 일본에 대한 긍정적인 이미지로 이어지고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. This is a comparative study on the image of Japan to Korean, Chinese, and Taiwanese learners of the Japanese language. The result shows that Korean learner A of the Japanese language had been negative about Japan before studying in Japan because of the sociocultural environment such as the problems about the history of Japan and the personal environment such as friends who shared negative images about Japan. However, after studying in Japan A`s image of Japan changed into a positive one, which seems to be due to the positive experiences in Japan. Chinese learner B of the Japanese language had already had a positive image of Japan both before and after studying in Japan. Such a positive image was affected by B`s personal environment such as parents and friends who were positive about Japan as well as by positive views of studying in Japan. Taiwanese learner C of the Japanese language had already had a positive image of Japan both before and after studying in Japan. Such a positive image seems to have been formed by the positive views of Japan in Taiwanese society in general as well as by C`s home environment. Among A, B, and C, it was only A who changed attitudes toward Japan. And what they all have in common is the fact that their positive views of Japan were reinforced. It was found that all the three learners of the Japanese language perceived their personal experience and life in Japan as meaningful, and this positive perception led them to have positive views of Japan.

조양규의 작품을 관통하는 또 하나의 축 -모자(母子) 이미지에 관한 시론(試論)-

정현아 ( Jeong Hyeon-a ) 동아문화재단 2020 文物硏究 Vol.- No.37

조양규가 13년 간 일본에서 제작했던 일련의 작품은, 1945년 8월 이후 한국이 해방기와 한국전쟁을 거치는 동안, 일본이 제국주의적 식민지 확장대신에 어떻게 근대자본주의를 이용해 그들의 이익 편승을 도모해 나갔는가에 대한 근대 일본사회의 단면을, 최하층민의 관점에서 보다 세련된 은유와 직관적 모티브들을 통해 자신의 사상을 일관되게 구현한 것이다. 「창고 씨리즈」, 「맨홀 씨리즈」는 물론, 일정한 모티브를 가지고 다양한 조형 형태를 보여주는, 「소 모티브」, 「모자모티브」, 「노동자 모티브」 등은 조양규의 사상적 이미지가 지속적으로 표현되고 있음을 보여주는 좋은 예이다. 이러한 조양규 작품에 대한 사상적 시각은, 도일(渡日)이전 좌익 활동이력과 그로 인해 정치적 사건에 연루되어 일본 밀항선을 타면서 시작된 화가로서 그의 삶을, 13년간 일본에서 제작한 작품의 사상적 주제와 모티브로 연결시켜 본 연구결과와 밀접한 관계가 있다. 본 시론은 해방기 한국에서 좌익사상과 그와 연관된 이력만으로 조명되었던 조양규의 정치적 행보라는 시각과는 달리, 지금까지 알려지지 않았던 한국에서의 행적과 습작과정에서 발견되는 모자 이미지에 주목한다. 해방기 한국의 부산시절에 포착되는 모자 이미지의 시작과 모자 이미지의 근원이었을 것으로 생각되는 조양규의 남다른 가정사와 함께 사범학교 학생시절에 심취했던 케테콜비츠와 그녀의 주요 모티브인 모자 모티브는 깊은 연관성을 가진다. 이후 모자 이미지가 나타나는 일본에서의 작품 활동과 그와 관련된 시기에 보이는 다른 작가들과의 교류 속에서 지속적으로 모색되는 모자 이미지의 흔적을 추적한다. 조양규의 일본에서의 작품 활동 가운데 발견되는 모자 이미지는 많지 않지만, 조국(모)과 나(자)의 관계의미를 표현한 작품과 실제 모자 이미지를 조형 속에 재현한 작품으로 나누어 살펴보면, 이 두 형태의 모자 이미지가 조양규의 13년간 일본 활동 가운데 지속적으로 확인된다는 점이다. 게다가 다른 작가와의 교류에서 발견되는 모자 이미지와의 관련성은 작가의 의도 속에 여전히 모자이미지의 추구가 엿보임을 알 수 있다. 결론적으로 조양규의 모자 이미지는 해방기 한국에서부터 개인적 가정사와 정치운동과 함께 시작된 운명적 이미지였고, 일본의 작품 활동에서 다른 사상적 모티브와 함께 추구되었던 일상적 이미지였으며, 많은 작품 속에서 구현되지는 않았지만, 꾸준한 작품과 교류 활동 속에서 계속해서 모색되었던 지속적 이미지였던 것이다. Cho Yang-gyu’s series of work created in Japan for 13 years is a consistent embodiment of his thoughts, via more refined metaphor and intuitive motives from the perspective of a bottom feeder, on how Japan had sought profit-making using modern capitalism instead of expanding imperial colonies this time after August 1945, while Korea was going through the liberation period and Korean war. Not only < Warehouse series > and < Manhole series > but also < Little motive > < Mother-child motive > and < Laborer motive >, showing diverse forms of molding under a certain motive, are a good example to believe that Cho Yang-gyu’s thinking motives were expressed persistently in his work. Such a philosophical perspective found in Cho Yang-gyu’s work is closely related to his new life as an artist, who had had a career of leftism until this involved him in political events and forced him to board a smuggler to Japan. The existing studies connected his past in Korea to the philosophical themes and motifs of the work he created in Japan for 13 years. So Cho Yang-gyu has been chiefly illuminated by his political movement of leftist thinking in Korean liberation period and his related activity. However, this essay takes notice of his record of performances in Korea which has been unknown so far and the mother and child image found in his course of study. His mother-child image was initiated in his life in Busan in the liberation period and is considered due to Cho Yang-gyu’s unusual family history. This image is also deeply related to Kather Kollwitz by which he was fascinated when attending a teachers’ college and her major motif mother and child. This article, then, traces the mother-child image he continually sought in his activity as an artist in Japan and interaction with other authors in the relevant period of time. There are not many mother and child images found in Cho Yang-gyu’s work in Japan but, looking by division into work of expressing relational meaning between his mother country (Mother) and him (Child) and reproduction of actual mother and child image in molding, these two types of mother-child image are continually confirmed in his 13 years of activity in Japan. Moreover, relation to mother-child image discovered in interaction with other authors still proves his intentional pursuit of a mother-child image. To conclude, Cho Yang-gyu’s mother and child image was a fateful image which began in Korea’s liberation period with his personal family history and political movement, routine image sought in performing in Japan along with other philosophical motifs, and continual image sought constantly in performing work and social interaction, although not embodied in many works of his.

한중일 3국의 문화적 이미지에 대한 연구 : 대학생을 중심으로

임영철 韓國外國語大學校 外國學綜合硏究센터 日本硏究所 2010 日本硏究 Vol.46 No.-

This research discusses favorable attitudes toward the cultural images of Korea, China and Japan. The research results based on an analysis of questionnaire questions on the cultural images can be summarized as in the following: (1) Korea, China, and Japan hold their own cultures in high favor, but not foreign cultures. (2) China's evaluation of its own culture was found to be absolute, and Japan's was?aggressive in?expressing its favorable feelings?toward its own culture. Korea's, on?the other hand,?was found to have low favorable feelings about its own culture and foreign cultures, rarely expressing any positive attitudes. (3) The results of the evaluation of the foreign cultural images show that the level of the favorable feelings about the three countries was highest in Japan, next in Korea, and the last in China. In epxressing their preference for foreign cultural images, Koreans were found to place Japan first, and China next; the Chinese placed Japan first, and Korea next, and the Japanese placed Korea first, and Japan next. (4) Analysis of the words associated with cultural images showed differences in the attidues,?depending on the respondents' knowledge of the society and a country's openesss. In other words, the association words of the Korean and Chinese concerning Japan and its people were found to be mostly the ones related to personality and conducts. (5) Korea, China, and Japan were found to have a positive images about Japan and its people on the whole, but Korea and Japan showed a negative?attitudes toward?China and its people. The opinions of the peoples of the Korean, Japan, and China about the cultural images are different: (i) Koreans were found to have a positive attitude toward?its own cultural image, (ii) the Japanese were neutral, and (iii) ?the Chinese have a negative attitude toward its own cultural image.

破損佛의 復元을 통한 日韓古代彫刻史 硏究의 새로운 방법 : Development of New Research Method Applying Digital Technology

大西修也,金大雄,石川幸二 미술사연구회 2004 미술사연구 Vol.- No.18

In recent years, the newest digital devices such as a laser scanner and high precision digital cameras have been utilized for the preservation of the conditions of historical remains and art objects as they are, But today, the inclusion in databases of the digital archives is beginning to shift its focus to the practical fields of preservation and restoration of the cultural properties. For example, the use of the pulse laser which can measure a maximum of 100m in the project of the Sato Supra N1 Towel In the large open giound of the King's Palace at Angkor Thom in Cambodia, the CAD Center which armed at 3-dimensional digitization of the Bronze Seated Buddha Statue known as the Kamakura Daibutsu in Japan, the investigation of the Waseda University which adopted the optical cutting system by the laser beam and the digitized carved Buddha image on rock cliff in Pujiang Prefecture, Sichuan Province are known However, all of these examples have been used for the purpose of the conversion to digital contents. This differs from our restoration project of the Japan-Korea ancient sculpture which aims at a creation of new values from the standpoint of academic researches. This project started from 2002 in order to investigate damaged Buddhist images of important cultural heritage, to preserve records of digitized data for preservation of images and to utilize the obtained basic data to be used for the positive restoration of Buddhist Images. Two examples, the Kurose Bronze Seated Buddha statue in Tsushima, Nagasaki Prefecture in Japan and the carved Buddha image on rock cliff at Pukchiri, Ponghwagun, North Kyongsang Province in Korea, are introduced in this paper to give an outline and procedures of the concrete research technique and its result The Kurose seated bronze Buddha statue is thought to be made during the Unified Silla dynasty and was designated as the Japanese important cultural property in 1981 The Buddha statue shows a separate casting technique for the upper and lower half of the body It is not known when and how the Image was brought to Tsushima. Reviewing the damaged parts of the Buddha statue as well as a bronze seated boddhisattva image thought to have been brought together from Korea, it appears to have had a beautiful octagonal pedestal composed of a lotus seat and a lower lotus base with an octagonal pillar in between them, when it originally came to Tsushima. The image was partly damaged by a rue and lost its octagonal pillar of the pedestal. A big crack is seen on the right side of the hip of the image, and because of the distortion in the Junction area from the left shoulder to the right side of the body below the right arm, it doesn't provide the efficient condition for the restoration process The Buddha image m relief on the rock cliff at Pukchiri, Ponghwa, is a designated national treasure No. 201 in Korea It is carved on a weak rock surface and there are countless cracks along the border areas of the upper right and lower left sides of the back wall Also many parts of the Buddha's head, body, hands and the lotus base are heavily damaged and some parts of the rocks have been fallen off. Such damages have already started since the 1970s and a proper processing for preservation is urgently needed. In addition, because of an unapt design of the recently constructed wooden structure with tiled-roof for protection of the Buddha Image, and of the unsuitable drainage system applied in the upper part of the background rock surface, much of the ram water penetrates into the relief Buddha image and causes black mould to grow on the rock surface. This research is carried out to record the present condition of such damaged statues in order to find out the original state or appearance of the images when they were made at first, by acquiring the digitized data using a non-contact laser device. It also introduces the entire process of the digital technique from making CG images to creating restoration models by the laminating method The intoduction the digital technology for the investigation of this restoration project of Japan-Korea ancient sculptures is quite significant as the digitized pictures of an image comes from the actual form of the image itself. It differs greatly from a photograph which changes the outlook of the image according to the lighting system, thus often giving an unreliable information for a better scientific research Moreover, this new restoration process would make various contributions to the society by giving information of the actual condition of the original image, by conducting proper restoration of the image, and by utilizing the digital archive with a Hi-Vision Image(HDTV) for future references.

韓国の日本語教科書にみられる韓国イメージ

金義泳 한국일본언어문화학회 2017 일본언어문화 Vol.38 No.-

This paper looks into the image of Korea in Japanese textbooks of Korea, based on the Korean, Korean culture, Korea, and Korean in described the textbooks, and study on the correlation of it with the image of Japan in the textbooks. First of all, Characteristics of the image of Korea mentioned in the textbook image is as follows.Concerning Korean language, the textbooks show a positive image with respect to the scientific and creative excellence of Korean language, having influenced Japanese. The positive image of Korean culture is shown as well. In particular, the superiority of Korean ancient culture is highlighted. Regarding Korea, both positive and negative images are presented in the textbooks. In positive images, ancient Korea is described as aculturally advanced country and the textbooks show Korea dedicated for the modernization of the country in moderntime. In negative images, the textbooks point out the empty for malities and vanity due to too much emphasis on form of courtesy. Also, the textbooks present positive images of Korean people, including the heroic admiral Yi Sun-sin and patriotic spirit of Koreans living in japan. The textbooks show Koreans as people who love peace and have sufficient bottom. Having considering the correlation of the image of Korea and the image of Japan, it is characteristic that the positive description of Korean language, Korean culture, Korea and Korean people is presented together with the negative image of Japanese language, Japanese culture, Japan, and Japanese people. That is, the positive image of Korea is stressed through comparison with the negative image of Japan.

일본 에도시대 목판화에 나타난 母子像의 이중 표상

이성례(李聖禮) 한국미술연구소 2008 美術史論壇 Vol.- No.27

In the Edo period of Japan, the mother image projected in visual images encompasses several seemingly contradicting images - the benevolent, chaste and wise mother image projected at home, the Yujyo (courtesan) image with sexual attractiveness features focused on physical beauty. and the hybrid image where desexualization and sexualization are mixed together. Women as mothers, give birth to and raise children and naturally do not continue to retain the ideal physical beauty. On the other hand, Yujyo (courtesan) serve an unspecified number of men, freeing themselves from the obligation of child birth and raising. Likewise. the mother image in the paintings of the Edo period was featured in the expression of sexual attractiveness weakened or strengthened. or in the expression of the mixture of those two images. This can be interpreted to mean that such woman image in Japan reflected social and temporal changes and requirements. The image of mother delivers the ideal image that the populace expects from women's body and appearance. Those images, packed in motherhood and child raising scenes, were produced into Ukiyo-e and sold in the market as popular image. Even in the Edo period before full swing modernization began in Japan. Ukiyo-e constitutes the birth of the universalization and population of visual images, and shows a typical example of diverse skills of production reproduced arts. Boys appear mostly next to the image of mother. Child images are varied such as naive child image based on the spirit of Kodakara (valuing children), and the alternate ego of the beings which was supposed to satisfy the desire of the main customer class, men, of Ukiyo-e.

일본 유학 한국인의 일본에 대한 국가이미지 변화와 결정 요인 분석 : 일본 문부과학성 장학금 유학생을 중심으로

전재은(Jon Jae Eun),강규원(Kang Kyu won) 한국비교교육학회 2017 比較敎育硏究 Vol.27 No.6

본 연구는 일본 국비 장학금을 받고 일본에서 유학한 경험이 있는 한국인이 유학 후 일본에 대한 국가이미지가 변화하는 지를 살펴보고 이러한 변화를 결정하는 요인을 탐색적으로 분석하였다. 한일관계의 정치경제적 중요성과 갈등, 그리고 한일 간 고등교육 단계 국제교류의 비중을 고려하였을 때, 한국인의 일본 유학 경험에 따른 일본에 대한 이미지 변화를 살펴보는 것은 중요한 의미를 가진다. 본 연구를 위해 일본 문부과학성의 국비 장학금을 받고 일본에서 유학 후 한국으로 귀국한 참여자를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여, 총 274명의 설문응답 자료를 사용하였다. 분석 결과, 참여자들은 일본에 대한 이미지를 규칙을 준수하고 꼼꼼하지만 융통성이 낮다고 인식하는 경향을 보였다. 또 참여자들의 일본에 대한 이미지는 일본 유학 전과 비교하여 일본 유학 후 우호적으로 변화한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 변화에 대한 결정 요인으로서 유학 중 일본인과의 교류, 일본 유학 만족도, 그리고 일본 유학 경험이 현재 업무에 도움이 되는 정도에 대한 인식이 우호적 이미지 변화와 긍정적으로 관련되었다. 다만, 일본 관련 전공 여부는 긍정적 이미지 변화와 부적 관계를 보였다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 한국 정부의 외국인 유학생 정책에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다. In this study, we examined whether Koreans who studied abroad in Japan with the Japanese government scholarship change their national image toward Japan after study abroad in Japan, and we also explored which factors may determine such change. Considering the political and economic importance of relationships between Korea and Japan, and the significance of international exchange at the level of higher education between two countries, it is meaningful to study Koreans’ change toward Japan after study abroad in Japan. Data were collected from 274 participants using survey, who returned to Korea after study abroad in Japan with the Japanese government scholarship from Monbukagakusho. Results showed that participants perceived that Japanese tend to observe rules and they are detailed but they are low in flexibility. Participants also showed tendency to change their image toward Japan favorably after study abroad in Japan. Their interaction with Japanese during their time in Japan, their satisfaction about study in Japan, and how much their study abroad experiences in Japan are perceived to be helpful for their current work were positively related with their favorable change toward Japan. On the other hand, study in major related to Japan was negatively related to their favorable change toward Japan. Based on results from this study, implications for policy on international students by the Korean government were provided.

対日イメージと日本語学習動機づけ -韓国人日本語学習者及び日本関連専攻者の減少と関連して-

김원정 한국일어일문학회 2018 日語日文學硏究 Vol.105 No.1

This study focus on the decrease’s factor of Japanese Learners and Japanese related major’s learners at Korean Universities and the relation between Japanese Image and motivation of learning Japanese. The main finding about the decrease of Japanese learners from learner’s perspective is “Earthquake and radiation problem” which related with the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami on seven years ago and this is the highest factor, the second is “ Chinese effect”, “the decreasing of Japanese advantages”, and “the problem between Japan and Korea’s relation”. Related on the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami, the learners have worried about “negative image” such as “anxiety about disasters” and “discomfort with Japanese society”. However the learners also have “positive image” about japan such as “quality of social environment", "the advanced", and "the respect on individuality”. The “positive image” about Japanese person is “credibility”, “interest” and the “negative image” is “coldness” and “two sided”. This finding has similarity with previous studies, especially on the image about Japanese person which is not affecting the factor of decrease. The factors was related to making Japanese image is “Japanese class or Japanese related class (a story from the Japanese teacher or teaching’s materials)”. This is the highest factor and Japanese “anime and manga” also “the relationship between Japan and Korea (policy, history etc )” are the second and third. However, “earthquake” and “radiation” had each 50 %, these are high anxiety’s sense about learning Japanese. Related to motivation of learning Japanese, “instrumental oriented motivation”, such as “because this is my major”, “is needed for graduated”, also “for taking a qualification”, “having advantages for finding job or promotion” are high on percentage. A result is meaning the answers from “how to act with Japanese in the future” has high relation with “Job and work”. The other finding is “Integrated Orientation motivation” such as “satisfaction on improving Japanese proficiency”, “exchange with Japanese person”, “improving Japanese understanding” also “intention to learning Japanese” such as “having Japanese interest (does not matter with earthquake or radiation)” also high. The main finding about the decrease’s factor on Korean Japanese learners and Japanese related major was described above, however, Japanese “advanced”, “quality of social environment” and “interest to exchange with Japanese person”, also related on “job and works matter” like “instrumental oriented motivation”, and “integrated oriented motivation” is affecting on improving motivation of learning Japanese. This matter could be factor of Japanese learner’s increase in the future. 연구는 한국에 있는 대학의 일본어학습자를 대상으로 한 조사로서, 한국인일본어학습자와 일본어・일본관련전공자의 수가 감소하고 있는 요인을 찾고, 그 요인과 대일이미지 그리고 일본어학습동기부여에 대해서 분석, 고찰한 것에 있다. 조사결과, 우선 일본어학습자의 입장에서 본 감소의 요인으로서는 2011년 3월11일 동일본대지진이 7년이 지난 현재까지도 「지진・방사능의 문제」가 가장 크게 나타났고, 「중국어의 영향」,「일본어 매력의 감소」, 「한일관계의 문제」의 순으로 높았다. 그리고, 그 감소요인과 관련해 일본어학습자의 일본에 대한 이미지는 동일본대지진처럼 큰 지진, 방사능과 같은 「재해의 불안」 과 「일본사회의 위화감」이라고 하는 「부정적인 이미지」를 가지고 있지만,「좋은 사회환경」「선진성」「개성중시」라고 하는「긍정적인 이미지」도 동시에 가지고 있는것이 확인 되었다. 일본인의 이미지에 대해서는 가장 높게 나타난「신뢰성」과, 일본인에게의 「흥미・관심」이라고 하는 「긍정적인 이미지」를 가지고 있었지만, 「냉정함」과 「이면적」 이라고 하는 「부정적인 이미지」도 함께 가지고 있었다. 이러한 대일이미지 형성의 영향요인에 대해서는「일본어・일본관련의 수업(일본어선생님의 이야기와 교재등)」이 가장 높게 나타났고,「일본의 만화・애니메이션」 「한일관계(정치・역사등)」가 높았으며,「지진」과「방사능」의 요인이 각각 약50%로 현재까지도 그 불안한 의식은 적지않게 가지고 있는것을 알게 되었다. 일본어학습동기부여에 대한 결과는「일본어 실력향상이 기쁘다」 「일본인과 교류를 하고싶다」 「일본을 보다 이해하고 싶다」 라고 하는「통합적지향」과「지진・방사능・한일관계에 관계없이 일본어학습이 좋다」 라고 하는 「일본어학습지향」이 가장 높게 나타났다. 반면,「전공이기 때문이다」와「졸업을 위한 필수과목이다」라고하는 「도구적지향」 과「자격취득을 위해서다」 「취직・승진에 유리하다」 라고 하는 「커리어지향」도 보였는데, 이것은「일본어학습후 장래에 어떻게 활용을 하고 싶은가」에 대한 자유기술에서 회답률이 가장 높았던 「취직」과도 관련성이 깊은 것으로 생각이 된다. 위와 같이, 일본어학습자와 일본어・일본관련전공자가 감소함에 있어서 여러가지 요인은 있지만, 일본과 일본인에 대한 긍정적인 이미지와 일본어학습동기부여의「통합적지향」은 물론,특히「일본어학습지향」「도구적지향」그리고「취직」 등에 일본어학습의 초점을 맞춘다면, 일본어학습동기를 높이고, 일본어학습자와 일본관련전공자의 수를 늘릴 수 있는 방책이 될수 있을 것이라 생각한다.

日本人が抱く韓国の国、人、言葉に対するイメージ

?崎博紀(세키자키 히로노리),金庚芬(김경분),崔宰?(최재영) 한국일본어학회 2017 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.54

본고에서는 한국과 일본을 같은 축으로 두고 서로에 대한, 그리고 자신에 대한 인식을 해명하고자 하는 연구의 일환으로서 일본인이 한국에 대해 갖는 좋은 이미지와 나쁜 이미지를 분석하여 그 결과를 자국 이미지와 비교함으로써 그 특징을 밝혔다. 그리고 한국어에 대한 이미지는 본 연구에서 새롭게 밝혔다. 조사는 이미지를 실태에 맞춰 파악하기 위해 좋은 이미지와 나쁜 이미지의 기입란을 각각 설정하여 자유 기입 방식으로 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 전체적으로 일본인의 한국에 대한 이미지는 일본(자국)에 대한 이미지보다 적음에도 불구하고 상대적으로 나쁜 이미지가 많은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 그리고 코딩 및 텍스트 분석 결과, 한국과 한국인에 대해서는 확실한 자기 주장, 강한 애국심 등의 공통된 이미지를 갖고 있었고 그것들은 좋은 이미지이기도 하고 나쁜 이미지이기도 했다. 한국어에 대해서는 <발음/청각적 인상>, <감각 일반(언어)>가 많은 반면, 한국어라는 언어 체계에 관한 이미지는 적었다. 그 중에서 나쁜 이미지로서의 < 발음/ 청각적 인상>은 한국, 한국인에 대한 나쁜 이미지와 관련되어 있음을 시사했다. 분석 결과에 대한 원인을 고찰하여 한국과 한국인에 대한 이미지에는 친밀함, 미디어, 한국인과의 접촉 빈도나 경험 등이 많은 영향을 끼치고 있음을 지적했다. 그리고 한국어에 대한 이미지에는 지식이나 정보, 학습 경험 등이 적은 점이 영향을 끼칠 것이라고 시사했다. The purpose of this study is to clarify the images that Japanese people have toward Korea in an attempt to obtain an objective view to improve the relationship. For this aim, the features of images that Japanese people have toward the Korean country, people and language are described through comparison to the images about themselves. The data were collected through a questionnaire, which required to freely describe positive and negative images, respectively. As a result, it was revealed that Japanese people have relatively more negative images than positive toward Korea considering that the numbers of images against Korea was fewer than that against Japan. In addition, the result of coding and text analysis showed that Japanese people tend to have images such as “clear assertion” and “strong patriotism” toward the Korean country and people in common. Moreover, these images turned out to be positive and negative images at the same time. As for language, it was found that <sound/hearing impressions> and <sense in common> are typical images on the one hand, while language system, including grammar and vocabulary, was rare on the other hand. In particular, the tendency of holding negative <sound/hearing impressions> toward the Korean language is suggested to be influenced by negative images toward the country and people. It is discussed that the Japanese images toward the Korean country and people are strongly influenced by such factors as familiarity, media, or frequency and experience of contact with Korean people. Besides, the images about the Korean language are considered to be brought by little knowledge, information or study experience.