가족기업의 승계유효성에 영향을 미치는 요인

김선화(Sun-Hwa Kim),남영호(Young-Ho Nam) 한국산업경제학회 2013 산업경제연구 Vol.26 No.3

가족기업이 대를 이어 영속성을 유지하기 위해서는 세대 간 성공적인 승계가 이루어져야 한다. 성공적인 승계에 영향을 미치는 이해관계자는 많지만, 현 경영자와 후계자가 승계의 핵심당사자이다. 본 연구에서는 가족기업의 성공적 승계를 위한 현 경영자와 후계자 요인이 상호 어떠한 영향을 미치며, 각각의 요인들이 승계유효성에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 성공적 승계에 영향을 미치는 현 경영자 요인으로 첫 번째는 후계자와의 좋은 관계를 유지하는 것이며, 두 번째는 기업운영의 핵심가치와 비전을 공유하는 것이다. 그리고 후계자 요인으로는 첫 번째는 후계자의 자발적 승계이고, 두 번째는 후계자 교육훈련과 능력개발로 구분된다. 그리고 종속변수인 승계유효성은 두 가지 차원으로 이루어지는데, 하나는 승계만족이고 다른 하나는 후계자들이 인식하는 성과에 관한 주관적인 평가이다. 이 연구는 111명의 중소기업 후계자들의 설문을 대상으로 하였다. 분석결과 현 경영자 요인과 후계자 요인은 각각 승계유효성에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 현 경영자 요인, 즉 후계자와 좋은 신뢰관계를 유지하는 것과 후계자와 회사의 비전과 핵심가치를 공유하는 것은 후계자의 자발적 승계의지와 후계자 교육훈련과 능력개발에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 본 연구의 결과에 따르면, 성공적인 승계를 위한 현 경영자의 역할 및 우선순위는 승계 전과정에 걸쳐 후계자와 좋은 관계를 유지하고 기업운영의 핵심가치와 비전을 공유하는 것이다. One of the most important topic in family business is management succession. It"s almost impossible for family businesses to be continued without successful succession. There are many stockholders having an affect on successful succession. However, the key stockholders that can influence the successful succession are the incumbent and the successor. In this study, both incumbent and successor related-factors that can influence the effective succession process in small and medium-sized family businesses are empirically investigated. This study was undertaken among 111 successors of small and medium-sized family businesses. The dependent variable in this study is measured by two dimensions: satisfaction with the succession process and the perceived profitability of the business. The incumbent-related factor that influence effective succession are to keep a quality relationship with successor, and to share core values and vision of the company. The successor-related factor are the willingness of the successor to take over and the successor"s training and development. The empirical result indicate that both incumbent and successor-related factors directly influence the effective succession process. Also, the incumbent-related factors influence the successor related-factors. Based on this findings the highest priority of the incumbent for successful succession are to make an effort for keeping a quality relationship with the successor and sharing core values and vision for the future of the family business.

현직자의 당적 변경과 재당선

한정택(Han Jung Taek) 한국정치학회 2011 한국정치학회보 Vol.45 No.2

본 연구에서는 민주화 이후 실시된 총선 결과를 중심으로 지역구 현직자들의 당적 변경이 갖는 선거적 효용성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 민주화 이후 실시된 국회의원 선거 결과 당적을 변경한 현직자의 재당선율은 당적을 변경하지 않은 현직자의 재당선율보다 낮게 나타나 당적을 보유하는 것이 현직자의 재당선에 유리함을 알 수 있었다. 한편 당적을 변경한 현직자가 다음 선거에서‘재당선되었을 경우’, 당적을 변경한 현직자의 당선 경합도가 오히려 당적을 변경하지 않은 현직자의 당선경합도보다 더 많은 선거경쟁의 감소를 가져 왔음을 알 수 있었다. 전체적으로 보았을 때 여당 소속 현직자의 재당선율이 높게 나타났지만, 결정적인 변수는 지역 패권정당과 관련한 당적 변경이 었다. 즉, 지역주의의 영향을 받는 선거구에서 현직자가 지역 패권정당으로 당적을 변경한 경우에는 이전 선거보다 수월한 선거경쟁을 통해 재당선될 가능성이 높았고, 반면, 지역 패권정당의 공천을 받지 못하여 다른 정당으로 당적을 변경한 현직자의 경우 당선될 가능성도 낮았고, 혹시나 당선이 되더라도 이전 선거에 비해 훨씬 더 치열한 선거경쟁을 통해 당선되었다. 또한 선거에서의 승리를 목적으로 한 당적 변경의 시기가 다음 선거일과 가까워질수록, 즉 선거 직전에 당적을 변경한 경우에 유권자들의 지지를 획득하기 어려움을 알 수 있었다. This paper analyzes the electoral efficacy of district incumbents’ party-switching, focusing on the result of the general election which was held after the democratization. The result of general election for lawmakers after the democratization showed that the rate of re-election of incumbents who switched their party is lower than that of incumbent who did not switch the party, so it is more advantageous for incumbents to adhere to current party for reelection. In the meantime, when the incumbents who switched their party are re-elected at the next election, the rate of competition of them turned out to be lower than that of the incumbents who did not switch their party. Overall, the rate of re-election of incumbents in ruling party was high, but the decisive variable was party-switching related to the hegemonic party in regions. In other words, when the incumbents switch their party to the hegemonic party in the district that is influenced by regionalism, the incumbents are more likely to be re-elected through less competitive election. On the other hand, the incumbents who switched their party to other parties as they failed to be nominated by the region’s hegemonic party has less chance of re-election and even if they are re-elected, they had to go through much fiercer electoral competition. In addition, when the time of party-switching of the incumbents who change their party to win in an election is near to the next election, the incumbents are less likely to be supported by the voters.

Entry Bandwagon as a Signal for Incumbents

Dongyoub Shin(신동엽),Sunhyuk Kim(김선혁),Kiwon Jung(정기원) 한국전략경영학회 2016 전략경영연구 Vol.19 No.3

본 연구는 기업이 산업 내 새로운 니치를 탐색하는 의사결정을 내리는데 있어서 기존 니치에 속해있는 다른 기업들의 진입 밴드웨곤(bandwagon) 현상이 영향을 미칠 것이라고 예측한다. 기존 경쟁전략 연구들에서 다른 기업들의 진입 밴드웨곤 현상을 기존 기업에 대한 경쟁 및 위협의 요소로 본 것에 반하여 본 연구에서는 다른 기업의 진입 밴드웨곤이 기존 기업들이 자신들이 속해있는 니치의 매력도를 판단하는 시그널로 작용할 수 있다는 점을 제안한다. 이런 관점에서 본 연구에서는 기업들이 진입 밴드웨곤 현상을 통해 현재 자신이 속해있는 니치에 대한 매력도를 판단하게 되면 이는 해당 기업들이 신규 니치를 탐색하는 행동에 영향을 미칠 것이라고 예측한다. 구체적으로 진입 밴드웨곤 현상의 시그널링 효과에 초점을 맞추어 본 연구에서는 산업 수준에서의 진입 밴드웨곤은 산업내 신규 니치 탐색에 긍정적 영향을 미칠 것이라 보았고, 니치 수준에서의 진입 밴드웨곤 현상은 산업 내 신규 니치 탐색에 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 보고 이를 검증하였다. 또한 본 연구에서는 산업 수준의 진입 밴드웨곤과 니치 수준의 진입 밴드웨곤이라는 두 가지 유형의 밴드웨곤이 신규 니치 탐색에 미치는 영향력은 해당 기업의 니치 폭에 따라 달라질 것으로 예측하였다. 2001년부터 2005년까지 우리나라 시스템통합 기업들의 신규 니치 탐색활동에 대한 음이항 회귀분석 결과, 본 연구에서 제시한 가설들이 모두 지지되었다. This paper examines how other firms’ bandwagon entries into an incumbent firm’s existing niche affect the focal incumbent’s subsequent within-industry new segment explorations. While the competitive interaction literature regards bandwagon entries as competitive threats to incumbents, we suggest otherwise that they may also serve as a signal with which incumbents evaluate the attractiveness of their existing niches. We predict that the attractiveness of an incumbent firm’s existing niche as signaled by bandwagon entries will affect whether the focal incumbent subsequently changes its niche through new segment explorations. Focusing on the signaling effects of bandwagon entries, we predict that while bandwagon entries at the industry level will have a positive effect on within-industry new segment explorations by incumbents, bandwagon entries at the segment level will have a negative effect. Moreover, we also predict that the effects of these two types of bandwagon entries will vary, depending on the focal firm’s niche width. According to our analysis of all new segment explorations by Korean SI firms between 2001 and 2005, all of our hypotheses were supported.

Entry Bandwagon as a Signal for Incumbents: New Segment Explorations by Incumbents in the Korean Si Industry

신동엽,김선혁,정기원 한국전략경영학회 2016 전략경영연구 Vol.19 No.3

This paper examines how other firms’ bandwagon entries into an incumbent firm’s existing niche affect the focal incumbent’s subsequent within-industry new segment explorations. While the competitive interaction literature regards bandwagon entries as competitive threats to incumbents, we suggest otherwise that they may also serve as a signal with which incumbents evaluate the attractiveness of their existing niches. We predict that the attractiveness of an incumbent firm’s existing niche as signaled by bandwagon entries will affect whether the focal incumbent subsequently changes its niche through new segment explorations. Focusing on the signaling effects of bandwagon entries, we predict that while bandwagon entries at the industry level will have a positive effect on within-industry new segment explorations by incumbents, bandwagon entries at the segment level will have a negative effect. Moreover, we also predict that the effects of these two types of bandwagon entries will vary, depending on the focal firm’s niche width. According to our analysis of all new segment explorations by Korean SI firms between 2001 and 2005, all of our hypotheses were supported.

Innovative activities of an incumbent and a potential entrant: an empirical exploration of the role of uncertainty in product and process innovations

전현배,문성배 기술경영경제학회 2014 ASIAN JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION Vol.22 No.2

By distinguishing between product and process innovations, we empirically examine how uncertainty affects the innovation activities of incumbents and potential entrants. We find that potential entrants are more innovative than incumbents in both process and product innovations, which supports the patent race model. Furthermore, we find that uncertainty plays a crucial role in hindering an incumbent's incentive for product innovation, but has little impact on the innovation activities of both incumbents and entrants with respect to process innovation. The results suggest that a higher uncertainty in product innovation can raise the incentive for incumbent firms to seek for cooperation with new entrants.

18대 총선의 현직의원 득표율 분석

윤종빈 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2010 한국과 국제정치 Vol.26 No.4

This study concludes that the 18th general election in 2008 is influenced by incumbents' individual efforts as well as the popularity of the current president and his party. By analyzing incumbent-specific vote changes, this paper found that three key independent variables, such as the length of tenure, the interaction term of region and party, and the level of legislative works, are statistically significant. First and second termers are more likely to gain vote changes. It is clear that incumbent members who do more legislative activities are more likely to secure vote gains and safe seats. In the near future, it is expected that candidate-oriented campaigns are more widespread. It is sure that there will be more academic demands to explore variables of legislative activities, which may enhance the prediction power and productivity of legislative behavior.

정치자금 스캔들, 유권자 평가, 그리고 현직자 재선

엄기홍(EOM KI HONG) 21세기정치학회 2009 21세기 정치학회보 Vol.19 No.1

Is a political money scandal an important factor for an incumbent's reelection? When a voter evaluates an incumbent in an election, is a political money scandal considered to be one of key criteria? Since the motivation of an incumbent is to be reelected, it is a reasonable assumption that he or she observes money ethics. However, political money scandals have not rarely been seen. The discrepancy between the reasonable assumption and the frequent money scandals is needed to pay attention. This paper aims to solve this puzzle, using the U.S. Senate elections of 1998 and 2002. The year of 1998 was the year when the Enron scandal, which was the most salient political money scandal in the late twenty century, was not exposed, while the year of 2002 was the year when it was exposed to the people. The findings suggest that the political money scandal neither affected an incumbent's reelection nor played any role of voters' evaluation. This paper strongly suggests that a new institutional mechanism should be installed for preserving money ethics.

재직자의 교육 훈련특성이 조직몰입을 통해 학습 전이에 미치는 영향

이영은,이신복 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2020 한국인터넷방송통신학회 논문지 Vol.20 No.2

본 논문에서는 IT 기업 재직자의 교육 훈련특성과 교육 성과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 빠르게 변화하는 시장환 경에서 기업에게 인적자원은 시장 경쟁력확보의 중요한 요소로써 교육 훈련을 통해 재직자의 역량육성과 기업 성과를 도모하고 있다. 하지만 이러한 노력에도 불구하고 지속적으로 증가하는 퇴사율과 교육내용의 낮은 활용도로 기업들이 교육 훈련 투자를 망설이게 하고 있다. 이와 같은 이유로 인해 연구자들은 교육 훈련의 특성과 성과에 대해 많은 연구가 진행되고 있지만, 교육 훈련특성과 조직몰입의 하위 요소, 현장 활용에 대한 세분화 되어진 연구는 미비한 편이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 교육 훈련특성 요인을 기존 연구를 통해 도출하고 조직몰입을 통해 실제적으로 재직자들이 업무 활용도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지 보고자 한다. 그 결과 자기효능감은 조직몰입에 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났으며, 강사 능력과 교육프로그램 적절성은 지속적 몰입과 정서적 몰입에 정(+)의 영향, 업무 관련성은 지속적 몰입과 정서적 몰입에 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 규범적 몰입은 학습 전이에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 강사 능력과 교육프로그램에 대한 중요성을 높여야 한다는 의미로 보여지며, 교육 관련자들이나 관련 기업들에게 기초자료로 제공하고자 한다. This study was performed to identify the education and training characteristics and the educational performance of the incumbent. For the enterprise in the rapidly changing market environment, the human resources is an important factor to secure the market competitiveness, and the enterprise promotes the development of competence and the corporate performance through the education and training. However, in spite of such effort, the continuously increasing turnover rate and the low utilization rate of educational contents make the enterprises to hesitate the investment in the education and training. Although, the researchers are conducting lots of researches on the characteristics and the performance of the education and training, the research focusing on the characteristics and the field utilization of the education and training is not sufficient due to such reasons, Therefore, this study intended to draw the factors of education and training characteristics through existing researches and find out what impact they have actually on the utilization in business by the incumbents through the organizational commitment. In the results of this study, it was shown that the self-efficacy do not have impact on the organizational commitment, the appropriateness of instructor ability has positive (+) impact on the continuous commitment and the emotional commitment, and the work correlation has negative impact on the continuous commitment and the emotional commitment. These results seems to mean that the importance of the instructor ability and the educational program should be increased and it is intended to provide the basic data for the education-related personnel and the related enterprises.

The Emergence of the Sharing Economy

Kibum Kim,Jeong-Dong Lee 과학기술정책연구원 2016 STI Policy Review Vol.7 No.2

What impact does the sharing economy have on existing businesses? This paper empirically examines how Uber transformed the taxi industry in New York City. Using a regression model controlling various potential influencing factors, we find no direct evidence that daily trips or revenue per taxi driver decreased since Uber entered the taxi industry. However, a closer investigation into other dimensions of taxi trips reveals that taxi drivers were forced to change their way of doing businesses to retain existing daily trips and revenue. Since Uber crowded out yellow taxis from the central area of Manhattan, yellow taxis responded by serving customers outside of the Manhattan borough. From enlarging their geographical coverage and serving customers that were previously ignored, yellow taxis were able to retain their previous level of taxi trips and market share. We also find that yellow taxis responded by improving their service quality to better serve customers’ needs. Our result suggests that incumbents actively responded to Uber’s entry and provided substantial benefit to consumers. Combined with the incumbent’s response, the sharing economy transformed the existing market in a welfare-enhancing way. This paper provides managerial and policy implication on how incumbents affected by the disruptions of the sharing economy should respond. Even though it might be yet premature to examine the impact of Uber, results suggest that incumbents have effectively defended against Uber’s entry so far. We conclude that the sharing economy and the existing economy can create positive value in our society through well-intentioned competition, complementing each other’s weaknesses and strengths.

러시아 지방엘리트의 지속성과 변화 : 재임기간별 연방주체 수장들의 특성을 중심으로

강혜련 동북아시아문화학회 2008 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.16

This study is to explore the changes and continuities of regional political elites in Russia by categorizing them into four groups on the basis of the length of their incumbency. The study also leads us to a couple of findings. First, drastic changes could be identified in both initial period of Eltsin's and Putin's rule. Second, such technocrats as economic elites those based on banks and industrial sectors, those from judicial sectors and intelligency branches emerged as a ruling class, while the first generation of regional elites became regional heads. This could be one of most conspicuous changes that were introduced under Putin. Third, new faces emerged in the process of institutional changes that had been caused by negotiations between Moscow and federal subjects.