디지털트윈을 이용한 수소충전소의 3D HMI

배현준,이승욱,황성호 국제문화기술진흥원 2024 문화기술의 융합 Vol.10 No.5

수소충전소 장비 설치, 시운전과 고장 수리할 때 수소충전소 안전이 가장 취약하다. 이때 수소충전소의 디지털트윈을 개발하여 제공하면 장비 설치, 시운전과 고장 수리하는데 도움이 될 수 있다. 그리고 수소충전소 운영 중에,이벤트 검출, 원인 분석과 예측을 위해서도 디지털트윈이 필요하다. 그러나 현재 수소충전소의 SCADA HMI는 2D로구성되어 있으므로, 수소충전소에 대한 기본 지식과 구성 현황을 알지 못하는 사람들은 직관적으로 이해하기 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 수소충전소에 디지털트윈 기술을 도입하여 수소충전소 장비에서 측정된 값을 3D로 실시간으로 표시하여, 수소충전소의 이벤트 발생, 원인 분석과 예측을 직관적으로 하는데 도움을 주고자 한다. 이를 위해 SCADA HMI에서의 데이터를 추출하였고, 이 데이터를 디지털트윈에 전송하였으며, 디지털트윈에서 직관적이고 이해하기 쉬운 3D환경을 제공하여, 비전문가도 수소충전소의 운영 현황을 쉽게 파악할 수 있도록 구현하였다. Hydrogen refueling station safety is the most vulnerable when installing, commissioning, and repairinghydrogen refueling station equipment. At this time, developing and providing a digital twin of a hydrogenrefueling station can help install equipment, start-up, and repair failures. Digital twins are also required for eventdetection, cause analysis, and prediction during hydrogen refueling station operation. However, since the currentSCADA HMI of hydrogen refueling stations consists of 2D, it is difficult for those who do not know the basicknowledge and composition status of hydrogen refueling stations to understand intuitively. In this paper, byintroducing digital twin technology to hydrogen refueling stations and displaying the values measured athydrogen refueling station equipment in real time in 3D, it is intended to help intuitively analyze and predictthe occurrence, cause, and prediction of events at hydrogen refueling stations. For this purpose, data fromSCADA HMI were extracted, transmitted to the digital twin, and provided an intuitive and easy-to-understand3D environment in the digital twin so that non-professionals can easily grasp the operation status of thehydrogen refueling station.

위험과 운전 분석을 통한 이동식 수소충전소 안전성 향상에 관한 연구

변윤섭 한국수소및신에너지학회 2021 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.32 No.5

In order to expand the supply of hydrogen vehicles, the first thing to be done is to build an infrastructure to supply hydrogen. There are fixed and mobile types of hydrogen refueling stations that can supply hydrogen. Mobile hydrogen refueling stations have the advantage of supplying hydrogen to two or three areas, so the introduction of mobile hydrogen refueling stations is considered at the initial stage of hydrogen vehicle dissemination. However, mobile hydrogen refueling stations have greater risks than fixed hydrogen refueling stations due to the hazard associated with movement and intensive installation of facilities in vehicle, so stricter design standards to lower the risk must be applied. Therefore, in this study, basic data for establishing safety standards for mobile hydrogen refueling stations were proposed by suggesting improvements such as the location of emergency shutoff valves, the number of gas detectors etc., using HAZOP analysis.

Recent developmental status and prospects of hydrogen refueling stations

( Wang Lai Yoon ),( Dong Joo Seo ) 한국화학공학회 2007 화학공학의이론과응용 Vol.10 No.1

Hydrogen refueling infrastructure to support the introduction of fuel cell and other hydrogen(and hydrogen mixture)-fueled vehicles is seen as one of the key factors for the transition to the hydrogen economy. Basically, hydrogen station can be configured by any combination of six modules : hydrogen generator, purifier, compression, storage, dispenser and power generator. And there can be several ways in hydrogen delivery for use at refueling stations. In the early demonstration phase, the use of distributed hydrogen refueling system(cryogenic liquid hydrogen, compressed hydrogen, reforming of hydrocarbonfeedstocks such as natural, gas, LPG and naphtha, electrolysis of water) may be a intermediate pathways to infrastructure development with future development of hydrogen pipeline delivery. The understanding of the implications of each system as well as comparisons between the choices of generation methods for use is essential in developing the refueling infrastructure. In this session, we present the recent developmental status and prospects of hydrogen refueling stations in advanced countries such as America, Japan, and Europe. Especially, national demonstration programs to promote early introduction of hydrogen fueled vehicles are reviewed.

A Study on the Priority of Advancing Hydrogen Fueling Infrastructure Using AHP

( Sungu Kim ),( Hyeok-ra Choi ),( Heaseon Kim ),( Seon-myung Kim ) 한국환경기술학회 2021 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.22 No.5

In this study, the solution to the problems raised in the hydrogen industry infrastructure construction was considered using the AHP analysis. This research model divided the major decision-making issues of hydrogen infrastructure construction into seven and evaluated the importance and priority of detailed items for each decision-making issue. The result of the analysis indicated that locations near existing gas stations were suitable for installing hydrogen refueling stations. To expand the supply of hydrogen refueling stations, safety concerns and acceptability of the refueling stations were evaluated as the biggest problems to be solved. It was evaluated that the location near the new mass demand was the most suitable location of the hydrogen production facility. Expanding public service advertisements related to hydrogen safety was found to be an appropriate technique for raising public awareness for the expansion of hydrogen infrastructure construction. Insufficient hydrogen infrastructure was evaluated as the most important factor for expanding the hydrogen industry ecosystem in Korea. Therefore, to expand the construction of hydrogen infrastructure, in addition to the subsidies for hydrogen vehicles, support policies from the government that guarantee a certain rate of return on the operation of hydrogen infrastructure facilities are necessary.

안전이격거리 설정을 위한 저장식과 이동식 수소충전소 제트누출의 수치해석적 연구

박병직(Byoungjik Park),김진현(Jinhyun Kim),임옥근(Ohk Kun Lim),김양균(Yangkyun Kim) 한국화재소방학회 2021 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.35 No.6

수소 고압 설비에서 제트누출(jet release)사고가 발생되어, 즉시 점화가 되면 제트화재(jet fire)가 발생하며, 지연점화가 이루어지면 폭발(explosion)사고로 이어질 수 있기 때문에 누출되지 않도록 관리하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 저장식 수소충전소와 이동식 수소충전소의 수소저장탱크에서 제트누출 사고가 발생한 경우에 수소 설비 주변의 수소 체적분율 변화와 가연영역을 전산유체역학(computational fluid dynamics, CFD) 기반의 모델을 활용하여 분석하였다. 저장식 수소충전소는 벽면 상단에 있는 개구부를 통해서 외부로 확산되었으며, 이동식 수소충전소는 구조적인 형태로 인해 윙바디(wing body) 아랫부분에 일부 누출된 수소가 정체되었다. 제트 누출이 발생한 10 s 후에 대부분의 수소설비는 수소 가연영역에 포함되었으며, 가연거리는 이동식 수소충전소가 저장식 수소충전소에 비해 30s 이후부터는 약 2배 정도 길게 계산되었다. High-pressure hydrogen facilities are prone to jet release accidents. In the cases of immediate ignition, jet fire occurs,and delayed ignition can lead to explosion accidents. Therefore, its management is crucial to avoid leakage. In this study,the change in volume fraction of hydrogen and the flammable area around the hydrogen facility were calculated using acomputational fluid dynamics model, for the cases of jet release accident in a hydrogen storage tank of off-site hydrogenrefueling station and a mobile hydrogen refueling station. The leakage at the off-site hydrogen refueling station was throughthe opening at the top of the wall. The mobile hydrogen refueling station had hydrogen stagnated in the lower part of thewing body due to the wing body. Most of the hydrogen facilities were included in the hydrogen flammable zone after 10s of the jet release. Further, after 30 s, the flammable distance was calculated to be approximately twice for of a mobilehydrogen refueling station as compared to a storage type hydrogen refueling station.

하이브리드형 수소공급방식을 고려한 수소충전소 입지 선정 모형 개발

김거중,박준식,고승렬 한국교통연구원 2019 交通硏究 Vol.26 No.2

In order to activate the hydrogen vehicle market, it is urgent to construct hydrogen refueling infrastructure. And investment plans of the infrastructure should be established in consideration of various factors in terms of user and supplier. A number of studies have been carried out to select alternative-fuel station sites such as hydrogen stations. However, most of these studies have limitations in that they are models that optimize the location only on the user side or the supplier side. In this study, we propose a hybrid hydrogen supply method suitable for the early stage of hydrogen refueling infrastructure, and developed a model for optimal location of hydrogen refueling station that minimizes supply cost with maximizing user demand under the hybrid supply method. Using the developed model, the optimal location of the hydrogen refueling station was selected for the idle sites of the national expressway tollgates. The results of the study can be used as the basic data for the policy decision when the central government or Korea Expressway Corporation intend to pursue the policy project such as the hydrogen refueling infrastructure plan. 수소차 시장을 활성화하기 위해서는 무엇보다 수소충전 인프라 구축이 시급하다. 그리고 효율적인 수소충전 인프라 구축을 위해서는 이용자와 공급자 측면에서의 다양한 요소를 고려한 계획적인 투자가 이루어져야 한다. 이와 관련하여 수소충전소와 같은 대체연료 충전소 입지 선정 연구들은 지금까지 많이 수행되어 왔다. 그러나 이러한 연구들의 대부분은 이용자 측면, 혹은 공급자 측면에서 입지를 최적화 하는 모형이라는 점에서 한계를 지닌다. 본 연구에서는 수소충전 인프라 구축 초기단계에 적합한 하이브리드형 수소 공급방식을 제안하고, 그러한 공급방식 하에서 이용자 측면의 이용수요를 최대화하며 공급자 측면의 충전소/개질기 설치비용 및 수소운송비용을 최소화하는 수소 충전소 최적 입지 선정 모형을 개발하였다. 그리고 개발된 방법론을 활용하여 전국 고속도로 요금소 유휴부지를 대상으로 수소충전소의 최적 입지를 선정하였다. 이러한 연구결과는 중앙정부나 한국도로공사가 수소충전 인프라 구축계획과 같은 정책 사업을 추진하고자 할 때 정책적 판단을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Quantitative Risk Assessment of a Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers-Based Hydrogen Refueling Station

채혜진,계혜리,이주성,Esmaeili Arash,이가영,윤택상,임전영,송대성,이철진 한국화학공학회 2024 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.41 No.5

The demand for hydrogen, a carbon–neutral fuel, is expected to increase in the coming decades. However, the current storage effi ciency of gaseous hydrogen is poor. Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs), which store hydrogen in liquid form under ambient conditions, show promise for on-site hydrogen refueling stations. Toluene-methylcyclohexane is one of the LOHC, it has advantages cost-eff ect and environmentally to large-scale hydrogen transportation, but it should be evaluated risk assessment based on the chemicals, because there is inherent harm from the properties like toxicity or fl ammability. Herein, quantitative risk assessment (QRA) results for worst-case scenarios, individual risk (IR), and societal risk (SR) for a methylcyclohexane-based on-site hydrogen refueling station (MHRS) are compared with those a gaseous hydrogen refueling stations (GHRS). The latter is more likely to have explosion-related accidents, while the former is more likely to have had fi re-related accidents. Both show similarly high societal risks. The rupture of the MCH storage tank poses the most signifi cant risk, but installing a dike reduces by 86%, thereby placing it within acceptable limits. Thus, the key risk factors for future on-site hydrogen refueling stations are identifi ed and insights into mitigating them are off ered.

수소충전소의 허가와 실증을 위한 규제특례

宋東洙 ( Song Dongsoo ),高惠晶 ( Ko Hye Jeong ) 법조협회 2019 법조 Vol.68 No.5

FCEV (Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle) refers to a vehicle that uses electric energy generated by using hydrogen as a power source, which is an environmentally friendly vehicle with no CO2 emissions. In 2013, Hyundai started mass-producing hydrogen electric vehicles in Korea, but the main reason for its slow supply was the lack of infrastructure for hydrogen stations to supply hydrogen fuel to hydrogen electric vehicles. In conclusion, the main reason why the hydrogen refueling station has not been expanded as much as the demand in line with the development of new technology called hydrogen vehicle is the failure of the regulatory reform of the existing legal order. According to the existing land use classification system under the 「National Land Planning and Utilization Act」 and the building restriction system in the area, it was impossible to install hydrogen refueling station in both residential and commercial areas. In addition, the 「High-Pressure Gas Safety Control Act」, which is the basis for the permission to install a hydrogen refueling station, also has many unrealistic and unreasonable regulations related to the hydrogen refueling station, which has become a major obstacle to the installation of the station. Although the need for reform and innovation in unreasonable regulations is emphasized day by day during the Fourth Industrial Revolution, it is true that the overall revision process of legislation that contains relevant regulations is slow for various reasons. IAs a means of regulatory reform, the concept of regulatory sandbox has recently been proposed, which is a kind of deregulation system that exempts or suspends existing laws and regulations for a certain period of time when a new technology or new industry is released. Recently, Korea revised the 「Industrial Convergence Promotion Act」 to introduce a special case and a temporary license system as a regulatory sandbox system. The fact that the regulatory sandbox system has solved the problem of hydrogen stations is expected to change the paradigm of regulatory reform in the future.

흐름-수요 기반 수소화물차 전용 고속도로 수소충전소 최적 입지 선정에 관한 연구

조재혁(Jaehyeok Jo),김성수(Sungsu Kim) 한국경영과학회 2022 한국경영과학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.6

온실가스 배출로 인한 지구 온난화 문제, 대기 오염, 기후변화 현상 등 환경 문제가 전세계적인 문제로 대두됨에 따라, 최근 수소는 기존의 화석연료를 대체할 청정 에너지원으로 주목을 받고 있다. 이러한 수소는 다양한 분야에서 활용되고 있으며, 교통/물류 분야에서도 수소추진자동차의 개발 및 보급과 더불어 수소충전소 인프라 구축을 통해 친환경 교통/물류 체계를 마련하기 위한 투자와 정책이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 국내의 경우 수소추진 화물차의 개발이 이루어져 현재 운용 단계에 있으며, 이러한 수소충전소 설치 등의 인프라 확충을 위해 정부 차원에서의 정책들이 수립 및 집행되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 국내의 상황에 발맞추어 수소추진 화물차를 위한 수소충전소의 최적 입지를 선정하는 것을 그 주제로 연구를 수행하였다. 구체적으로, 충전수요 패턴을 흐름수요(Flow-Demand)로 가정하여 최적 시설 입지를 결정하는 모형인 FCLM(Flow Capturing Location Model)을 기반으로 한 다목적 정수계획법(Multi-Objective Integer Programming) 모형을 제안하고자 한다. 또한, 제안된 모형을 통해 수도권-영남권 간 고속도로 내 화물차 수소충전소 최적 입지를 결정하고자 하였다. 충전소의 후보지로는 수도권과 영남권에 위치한 영업소들을 기종점쌍(Origin-Destination)으로 하였을 때 통행로상에 위치한 고속도로 휴게소들을 선정하였으며, 수소추진 화물차의 수소 충전수요 만족 최대화, 수소충전소 인프라 관련 비용 최소화의 관점에서 수소충전소의 위치를 결정하고자 하였다. 그리고 수도권과 영남권 간 고속도로를 주행하는 화물차의 일일 평균 교통량, 수소충전소 구축비용, 부생수소 운송비용, 수소 개질 시 설치 비용 등 실제 데이터를 분석한 결과, 총 43개의 충전소로 고속도로를 주행하는 화물차 통행수요의 약 40%를 충족할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 수도권과 영남권 간의 원활한 물류이동을 위해 아직 시범 운영 단계에 있는 수소추진 화물차를 위한 수소충전소가 어느 곳에 위치해야 하는지에 대해 선제적으로 연구를 수행하였다는 점에서 기존 연구와 차별성을 가진다. 또한, 현재 정부의 정책 및 수소충전 인프라와 관련된 실제 데이터에 따라 연구를 수행하여 향후 수소 기반 물류 체계의 구축을 위해 유용한 정보를 제공할 수 있다는 점에서 의의가 있다. As environmental problems such as greenhouse gas emission, climate change etc. are globally deteriorated, hydrogen has been one of the clean and alternative energy sources which replace fossil fuels. This hydrogen is utilized in various fields including transportation/logistics. In the transportation /logistics area, investment and policies are aggressively made to establish the eco-friendly transportation and logistics system through development and distribution of hydrogen-fueled vehicles and construction of hydrogen refueling infrastructure. In Korea, the hydrogen-powered trucks have been already invented and are currently in operation, and policies at the government level has been being established and implemented. In accordance with it, this research’s topic is to select optimal locations of the charging stations for the hydrogen-powered trucks. Specifically, this study suggests a Multi-Objective Integer Prograaming model based on FCLM(Flow Capturing-Allocation Location Model) to choose the optimal station locations on highways between metropolitan and Yeongnam area by assuming the demand pattern as flow-demand. Highway stations located on the route between origin and destination tollgate have been selected as the candidate areas, the final station locations have been determined for maximization of hydrogen-refueling demands and minimization of hydrogen infrastructure-related costs. Using the FCLM-based facility location model presented in this study, actual data such as the average daily traffic volume of trucks driving on highways between the metropolitan and Yeongnam area, hydrogen charging station construction cost, by-product hydrogen transportation cost, and hydrogen reforming cost were analyzed. In result, it is revealed that 38 stations can meet about 40% refueling demands of the trucks. This study differs from previous studies in that it preemptively conducted research on where hydrogen charging stations for hydrogen-powered trucks should be located in the pilot stage for effective logistics between the metropolitan area and Yeongnam area. In addition, this research is conducted in accordance with current government policies and actual data related to hydrogen charging infrastructure, which is useful for establishing a hydrogen-based logistics system in the future

수소충전소 방호벽 안전성 검증을 위한 TNT 폭발실증 및 전산유동 해석

양윤영,조재근,박우일,나현빈 한국가스학회 2023 한국가스학회지 Vol.27 No.4

수소사회 실현에 있어 수요자가 수소를 가장 쉽게 만날 수 있는 시설인 수소충전소의 안전 확보가 중요하다. 수소충전소는 고압의 수소를 저장하는 압축가스설비 등으로 구성되어 있으며, 시설 내 수소 누출로 인한화재폭발 또는 주변 화재의 영향으로 고압의 압축가스설비가 파열될 위험이 있다. 이에, 한국가스안전공사는설치단계부터 위험요인을 찾아내 설계에 반영하고 법정 검사를 통한 안전 확보에 만전을 다하고 있다. 본연구에서는 수소충전소에 설치하는 방호벽의 안전성 효과를 확인하기 위해 방호벽을 이용한 TNT 폭발 실증시험을 실시하고, CFD 프로그램인 FLACS-CFD를 이용하여 실증시험 결과와 비교‧검증하였다. 실증시험 및CFD 해석 결과 방호벽 후단에서 폭발 과압의 감소 효과가 위치에 따라 50 %에서 최대 90 %까지 감소하는것이 확인되나, 일정거리를 벗어나면 그 효과가 떨어지는 것을 확인하였다. 방호벽의 안전성 검증을 위한 실증시험 및 전산해석 결과는 향후 방호벽 기준 최적화를 위한 제안에 활용하고자 한다. In realizing a hydrogen society, it is important to secure the safety of the hydrogen refueling sta- tion, which is the facility where consumers can easily meet hydrogen. The hydrogen refueling station consists of compressed gas facilities that store high-pressure hydrogen, and there is a risk that the high-pressure com- pressed gas facility will rupture due to a fire explosion due to hydrogen leakage in the facility or the influence of surrounding fires. Accordingly, the Korea Gas Safety Corporation is making every effort to find out risk fac- tors from the installation stage, reflect them in the design, and secure safety through legal inspection. In this study, a TNT explosion demonstration test using a protection wall was conducted to confirm the safety effect of the protection wall installed at the hydrogen refueling station, and the empirical test results were compared and verified using FLACS-CFD, a CFD program. As a result of the empirical test and CFD analysis, it was con- firmed that the effect of reducing the explosion over-pressure at the rear end of the protection wall decreased from 50% to up to 90% depending on the location, but the effect decreased when it exceeded a certain distance. The results of the empirical test and computer analysis for verifying the safety of the protection wall will be used in proposals for optimizing the protection wall standards in the future.