Effects of Acute High-Intensity Resistance Exercise on Cognitive Function and Oxygenation in Prefrontal Cortex

( Hyukki Chang ),( Kyungae Kim ),( Yu-jin Jung ),( Morimasa Kato ) 한국운동영양학회 2017 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.21 No.2

[Purpose] Moderate-intensity exercise is known to be the best effective intensity to enhance cognitive function, including memory and learning. However, the effects of high-intensity exercise in comparison with moderate- intensity exercise on cognitive function remain controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity resistance exercise on cognitive function. [Methods] Thirty-six healthy female college students volunteered to participate in this study. The participants were divided into four groups: (i) control group (CON); (ii) high-intensity resistance exercise group (HIR); (iii) high-intensity aerobic exercise group (HIA); and (iv) combined moderate-intensity exercise group (MIC). Immediately prior to and after exercise, the solved number (SN) and reaction times (RT) in the Stroop test (neutral task, NT and incongruent task, IT), as well as the tissue oxygen index (TOI) in the left and right prefrontal cortex (PFC) were measured in all groups. [Results] In the NT, both HIR and MIC groups showed significant improvements in SN and RT compared with the CON group. Meanwhile, performance in the HIA group was significantly attenuated compared with that in the MIC group. In the IT, only the MIC group showed a significant increase in SN and RT compared with the CON group. Furthermore, the TOI in the PFC (left PFC in the NT, and bilaterally in the IT) was significantly lower in the HIR group compared with that in the CON group. [Conclusion] The results of this study show worse cognitive performance and decreased PFC oxygenation in high-intensity exercise compared with moderate-intensity exercise and controls. These results suggest that high-intensity exercise may not improve cognition as effectively as moderate-intensity exercise.

운동 강도가 수면장애 모델 쥐의 혈 중 멜라토닌 농도에 미치는 영향

김희정 ( Hee Jung Kim ),김동현 ( Dong Hyun Kim ) 대한물리의학회 2014 대한물리의학회지 Vol.9 No.1

PURPOSE:In this study, we tried to find out what kind of exercise was more effective in sleep disorder by comparing melatonin in blood after applying low intensity with high intensity exercise to sleep disordered rats induced by experiment. METHODS:We used male Sprague-Dawley rats which were 8weeks old and weighted 300g. They were supplied with water and food without any restriction. We kept the room temperature at 25℃ and controld the length of day and night in 12 hours blocks, respectively. We divided the rats 60 into 2 groups. To one group we applied low intensity exercise, and to the other we applied high intensity exercise for 15minutes per day over a period of 4 weeks. We extracted the blood from abdominal aorta before, after exercise, moved into EDTA tube, performed centrifugation. We decanted the serum 200㎕ from the blood into microcentrifuge tube by samples and moved into polypropylene culture tubes with micro pipette. We split enzyme solution 50㎕ into the tubes with melatonin direct kits and make them react at 37℃ for 2 hours. We split assay buffer 50㎕ into each tube and mixed melatonin tracer 50㎕ and melatonin antiserum 50㎕, respectively. After we made them react in room temperature, we decanted the superficial layer with a centrifuge and measured the activity for 1 minute by competitive method with γ-counter equipment. We draw a standard curve through logit-log graph with CPM(counts per minute) and counted the melatonin by B/B0. We conducted independent t-test to examine the homogeneous of melatonin value of before low-intensity and high-intensity exercise. We performed paired t-test to compare before and after low-intensity and high-intensity exercise, respectively. We carried out independent t-test to compare melatonin value after low-intensity and high-intensity exercise. Significance level was .05. RESULTS:The RESULTS were as follows; firstly melatonin was more increased in the group who was exposed to high intensity exercise when we compared before to after high and low intensity exercise, respectively. Secondly, high intensity exercise was more effective than low intensity exercise when we compared the two. CONCLUSION:In CONCLUSION, secretion of melatonin which is the material of sleep improvement could be promoted by high intensity exercise. Low intensity exercise acted as a stress rather than improving sleep and had a negative effect on the secretion of melatonin because the melatonin was affected by stress..

Low-Volume 고강도 인터벌 트레이닝이 비만 성인의 혈중 아디포넥틴, 대사증후군 위험요인 및 심폐 체력에 미치는 영향

김은숙(Kim, Eun-Sook),김도현(Kim, Do-Hyun),김지웅(Kim, Ji-Woong),윤성진(Yoon, Sung-Jin) 한국사회체육학회 2021 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.- No.86

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of low-volume high-intensity interval training on adiponectin, metabolic syndrome risk factors and aerobic capacity in obese adults. Method: Twenty-one obese men participated in the group of low-volume high-intensity interval training (LV-HIIT; n=7), moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; n=7) and control (CON; n=7), respectively. All subjects measured body composition, blood test (adiponectin, HDL-C, glucose, and triglyceride) and maximal graded exercise test before the intervention and after six weeks. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA demonstrated a significant difference (p<.05). Bonferroni’s method was used for post-hoc analysis when there is a significant. Results: The results of this study are as follows. 1) Body composition was significantly improved in the low-volume high-intensity interval training group and the moderate-intensity continuous training group. 2) Adiponectin concentration was significantly increased in the low-volume high-intensity interval training group and moderate-intensity continuous training group. 3) The waist circumference, triglyceride, and glucose of metabolic syndrome risk factors significantly decreased in the low-volume high-intensity interval training group and moderate-intensity continuous training group. There was no significant difference in blood pressure and HDLC 4) Aerobic capacity was significantly improved in the low-volume high-intensity interval training group and moderate- intensity continuous training group. Conclusion: In summary, the findings in this study are that despite conducting low volume, Low-Volume high intensity interval training is efficient training compared to moderate intensity continuous training for improving adiponectin, metabolic syndrome risk factors and aerobic capacity.

고강도 웨이트 트레이닝이 노인여성의 신체조성과 체력기능수행에 미치는 영향

강선희(Kang, Sun-Hee),한건수(Han, Gun-Soo) 한국산학기술학회 2011 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.12 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 고강도로 실시되는 12주간의 웨이트 트레이닝을 통하여 노인 여성들의 신체조성 및 기능 적 체력에 어떠한 변화가 있는지를 규명하는 것이다. 연구대상자들은 U경로당에 정기적으로 출입하는 70세 이상 노 인 여성 중에 실험의 취지를 알고 자발적 참여의사를 가진 24명을 선정하였다. 선정된 24명을 무선할당 방법을 통해 두 개의 운동집단인 고강도 저항성 운동 집단 (High intensity resistance group, n=8), 저강도 저항성 운동 집단(Low intensity resistance group, n=8) 그리고 비교군 (Control group, n=8)으로 나누었다. 운동집단은 12주간의 고강도 및 저 강도 저항성 운동을 실시하였으며, 비교군은 12주간 어떠한 운동에도 참가하지 못하도록 제한하였다. 연구결과, 12주 간 실시된 고강도 웨이트 트레이닝은 근력과 민첩성을 유의하게 향상시켰으며, 체지방률과 체지방량은 유의하게 감소 시켰다(p<0.05). 평형성 및 심폐능력은 향상되었으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 종합해보면 정기적인 고강도 웨이트 트 레이닝은 노인 여성들의 체력 개선에 도움을 줄 수 있는 운동이라 사료된다. The elderly population has been dramatically increasing over the past years, but most of the population has developed chronic diseases and handicaps due to aging. High-intensity resistance training is one of the most effective ways to improve muscular strength, but it is unclear whether body composition and functional fitness would be increased by high-intensity resistance training. The aim of this investigation was to explore whether 12 weeks of high-intensity training would improve muscular strength, body composition, and functional fitness in women over the age of 70 years. Twenty-four participants were randomly assigned to a high-intensity resistance training group (n=8), a low-intensity resistance training group (n=8), and a control group (n=8). The experimental groups exercised 3 days per week for 12 weeks at a local fitness center. An analysis of variance(ANOVA) with repeated measures was used for analysis. The results showed that there was a significant improvement in agility and muscular strength following the high-intensity resistance training. Moreover, Moreover, %body fat and body fat mass decreased significantly after the 12 weeks of high-intensity resistance training(p<0.05). Based on these results, it was concluded that high-intensity resistance training is efficient for women over the age 70 years in increasing their muscular strength and functional fitness and reducing their total body fat mass.

태권도선수의 단기 체중감량후 재식이 구성이 고강도 운동능력에 미치는 영향

김기진 ( Kim Gi Jin ) 한국운동영양학회 2002 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.6 No.3

This study compared the high-intensity exercise performance of 3min-3bouls and exercise-induced fatigue variables of blood between high CHO and moderate CHO of refeeding diet after rapid weight loss. Subjects were 24 college aged male taekwondo players, and divided to three groups as high CHo refeeding group, moderate CHO refeeding group, and contol group. High CHO refeeding group and moderate CHO refeeding group lost body mass following restricted energy and dehydration to a significant decrease, but changes in body fat were inconsistent. High CHO refeeding group and moderate CHO refeeding group showed a decrease tendency of total work output and mean power output in 3 min-3 bouts exercise after rapid weight loss and refeeding diet, especially moderate CHO refeeding group showed a prominent decrease of total work output, but these changes showed no significant differences. Peak power output of moderate CHO refeeding group showd a highest decrease after refeeding diet among three grpous. High-intensity exercise performance of 3 min-3 bouts showed a significant decrease after raid weight loss, but difference of refeeding diet composition showed no significant effect to the high-intensity exercise performance of 3 min-3 bouts. In high CHO refeeding group and moderatc CHO refeeding gorup, blood lactate concentration and heart rate showed a slowdown tendency of increase during high-intensity exercise after rapid weight loss, but these changes were caused by the decrease of exercise performance. Hematoerit value, blood hemoglobin, ammonia, and glucose concentration showed a slowdown tendency of increase during high-intensity exercise after rapid weight loss, but these changes showed no showed no significant effect to these changes. In conclusion, high intensity exercise perfornamce of 3min-3bouts showed a significant decrease after rapid weight loss, and the difference of refeeding diet composition after rapid weight loss was no significant effect to the changes of exercise-induced fatigue variables of blood, but high CHO of refeeding diet could be suggested th effective recovery method on a decline of peak power output after rapid weight loss.

고강도 유산소운동에 따른 청소년의 최대산소섭취량 성장 관련 호르몬 세로토닌과 작업기억의 관련성

강익원(Kang, Ik-Won),조원제(Cho, Won-Je) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study was to observe the relationship on maximal oxygen uptake, growth related hormone, serotonin and working memory by high-intensity aerobic exercise for 12weeks. The participants were male middle-school students who were divided into two groups; control group(n=8, non-exercise) and high-intensity aerobic exercise group(n=10) by treadmill 75 % VO₂max intensity did 12 weeks for 3 times a week. Also Measured was for performed in pre and post(after 12 weeks) same test by body composition, maximal oxygen uptake, blood sampling and working memory test. All data were analyzed descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA for repeated measurement in case of significant within groups and interaction. Also after high-intensity aerobic exercise data influence analyzed with multiple regression analysis. Result was shown maximal oxygen uptake, GH, serotonin, working memory not significant within groups, however shown to difference significant in the period(p<.05), (p<.05), (p<.05), (p<.05). Especially interaction effect between groups and period was significant in maximal oxygen uptake, serotonin, working memory(p<.05), (p<.05), (p<.05). The correlation analysis from after high-intensity aerobic exercise between GH and testosterone were negative correlation(p<.01), between GH and maximal oxygen uptake were positive correlation(p<.01). And correlation analysis from after high-intensity aerobic exercise between working memory and serotonin(p<.05). Also predicted into positive influence from maximal oxygen uptake to GH, serotonin, working memory by after high-intensity aerobic exercise(p<.001), (p<.05), (p<.01). Thus, we known through this study result that positive influence for increasing maximal oxygen uptake on the GH, serotonin and working memory in adolescent male by 75%VO₂max of high-intensity aerobic exercise.

고강도 인터벌 운동 후 유도선수의 냉침수 회복유형이 혈중 피로물질에 미치는 영향

안상현,정채원 한국체육과학회 2022 한국체육과학회지 Vol.31 No.6

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of recovery types of cold water immersion after a high-intensity intermittent performance on blood fatigue substances in Judo athletes. For this study, 10 Judo athletes conducted aerobic cool-down, continuous cold water immersion, and intermittent cold water immersion after high-intensity interval(HII) performance at weekly intervals. Blood samples were collected from an antecubital vein and fingertip before, immediately, and 15 min after high-intensity interval performance for lactate and ammonia analysis. The results are as follows. First, blood lactic acid according to the cold immersion recovery types showed no difference between groups after high-intensity interval exercise. Second, there was a significant difference in blood ammonia according to the cold immersion recovery types after high-intensity interval exercise. In conclusion, for judo players, the intermittent cold immersion method after high-intensity interval exercise can be a more efficient means in terms of muscle fatigue recovery.

고강도 훈련 기간에 커큐민 섭취가 지구성 및 저항성 종목선수들의 혈중 염증반응, 산화적 스트레스 및 운동수행력에 미치는 효과

남정훈,박노환 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2022 스포츠사이언스 Vol.40 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ingestion of curcumin during high-intensity training period on the inflammation, oxidative stress, and exercise performance of tissues before and after the training period in endurance and resistance athletes. For this purpose, mid- to long-distance athletes and throwing athletes who joined the Korea Association of Athletics Federations were set as the population, and then subjects were selected using online and offline nomadic sampling methods. A test group and a control group were randomly assigned, and the study was conducted for 5 weeks by dividing the curcumin intake group and the control group in the endurance and resistance group for each group. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 22.0, and two-way (2RG × 2RM) ANOVA was applied to analyze each item according to group and treatment period. According to this procedure, the following results were derived. First, there were no statistically significant differences in body composition before and after high-intensity training according to curcumin intake in body weight, lean body mass, and body fat percentage. Second, TNF-α and IL-6 analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the changes in blood inflammation before and after high-intensity training. Third, CAT and SOD analysis did not show any statistically significant difference in the change of oxidative stress before and after high-intensity training. Fourth, statistically significant differences were found in 30°/sec waist extension and flexion force and 90°/sec extension force in the change in back muscle strength before and after high-intensity training. Key words: high-intensity training, inflammatory, response, oxidative stress, exercise performance.

고성장기업의 연구개발활동과 인적자본에 의한 생산성 향상에 관한 연구

안수근 ( Soogeun Ahn ),윤지환 ( Jeewhan Yoon ),김영준 ( Youngjun Kim ) 한국생산성학회 2020 生産性論集 Vol.34 No.1

According to the endogenous growth theory by Romcer(Romer, 1986, 1990), the stock of knowledge by research and development(R&D) and human capital has an increasing marginal productivity and growth rate can be increasing over time, in contrast to the models where capital exhibits diminishing marginal productivity. In line with this, this paper examined the effect of R&D investment and human capital on firm growth, focusing on the sustainable growth of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) and large firms. In this study, we first found the human capital influenced positively on the sales growth of high-growth SMEs and high-growth large firms. In particular, we found the human capital of high-growth SMEs more influenced on firm growth than that of high-growth large firms. Second, we also found the human capital influenced on the sales growth of high-growth SMEs and high-growth large firms that exceed the average of R&D intensity more positively than their counterparts that do not. In particular, we found the human capital of high-growth large firms that exceed the average of R&D intensity more influenced on firm growth than that of high-growth SMEs that exceed the average of R&D intensity. The results of this study have a important implication. Firms could expect learning effect of human capital from the R&D activities and that could help the firms grow continuously in both high-growth SMEs and high-growth large firms. One of the limitations of this study is the time lag between R&D activities(innovation) and their commercial success. However, it is expected that R&D activities(innovation) will indeed pay off on average in the long-term(Coad & Rao, 2008). In line with this, many previous studies include one-year time lag between innovation activities(R&D) and firm growth(e.g., Coad & Rao, 2008; Coad et al., 2016; García-Manjón & Romero-Merino, 2012). In particular, Coad et al.(2016) performed additional test in order to examine the relationship between the R&D and firm growth with longer time lag, and found the results are generally similar to the results of one-year time lag. We also analyzed longitudinal data and multiple industry to overcome this limitation, as previously suggested and tested(e.g., Davidsson & Wiklund 2006; García-Manjón & Romero-Merino, 2012; Liu et al. 1999; Weinzimmer et al. 1998; Yang & Huang 2005).

운동 강도 차이가 고지방식이 Sprague - Dawley Rat의 골격근 내 PGC - 1α, PPAR - γ 및 인슐린 저항에 미치는 영향

정현령(Hyun-Lyung Jung),강호율(Ho-Youl Kang) 한국식품영양과학회 2014 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.43 No.7

This study investigated the effects of exercise intensity on PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of high fat diet-fed Sprague-Dawley rats. Forty rats were randomly divided into five groups: sedentary control group (SED), high fat diet group (HF), high fat diet+low-intensity exercise group (HFLE, 22 m/min, 60 min, 6 days/week), high fat diet+moderate-intensity exercise group (HFME, 26 m/min, 51 min), and high fat diet+high-intensity exercise group (HFHE, 30 m/min, 46 min). After 4 weeks of high fat diet and endurance exercise training, the lipid profiles, insulin, and glucose concentrations were determined in plasma. PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, and GLUT-4 contents were measured in plantaris muscle. The rate of glucose transport in soleus muscle was determined under submaximal insulin concentration (1,000 μIU/mL insulin, 20 min) during muscle incubation. Plasma glucose during oral glucose tolerance test in HF was significantly greater than that in SED, and plasma glucose levels in the three exercise (EX) groups were significantly lower that those in SED and HF at 30 and 60 min, respectively (P<0.05). Plasma insulin levels in the EX groups were significantly reduced by 60 min compared to that in HF (P<0.05). The protein expression level of PGC-1α as well as muscle glucose uptake were significantly higher in SED and HF than those in the three EX groups (P<0.05), and HFHE showed significantly higher levels than HFLE and HFME. Expression levels of GLUT-4 and PPAR-γ were significantly higher in the HFLE, HFME, and HFHE groups compared to the SED and HF (P<0.05). Therefore, the results of this study indicate that 4 weeks of high fat diet significantly developed whole body insulin resistance but did not affect PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, or the glucose transport rate in skeletal muscle, and exercise training was able to attenuate deteriorated whole body insulin resistance due to high fat diet. In addition, high intensity training significantly affected PGC-1α expression and the glucose transport rate of skeletal muscle in comparison with low and middle training intensities.