Mapping of QTL for agronomic traits using high-density SNPs with an RIL population in maize

Sa Kyu Jin,Choi Ik-Young,Park Jong Yeol,Choi Jae‑Keun,Ryu Si‑Hwan,이주경 한국유전학회 2021 Genes & Genomics Vol.43 No.12

Background Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have been widely used to identify QTLs underlying quantitative traits in humans and animals, and they have also become a popular method of mapping QTLs in many crops, including maize. Advances in high-throughput genotyping technologies enable construction of high-density linkage maps using SNP markers. Objectives High-density genetic mapping must precede to fnd molecular markers associated with a particular trait. The objectives of this study were to (1) construct a high-density linkage map using SNP markers and (2) detect the QTLs for grain yield and quality related traits of the Mo17/KW7 RIL population. Methods In this study, two parental lines, Mo17 (normal maize inbred line) and KW7 (waxy inbred line) and 80 F7:8 lines in the Mo17/KW7 RIL population were genotyped using the MaizeSNP50 BeadChip, an Illumina BeadChip array of 56,110 maize SNPs. Marker integration and detection of QTLs was performed using the inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM) method within the QTL IciMapping software. Results This study was genotyped using the Illumina MaizeSNP50 BeadChip for maize Mo17/KW7 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. The 2904 SNP markers were distributed along all 10 maize chromosomes. The total length of the linkage map was 3553.7 cm, with an average interval of 1.22 cm between SNPs. A total of 18 QTLs controlling eight traits were detected in the Mo17/KW7 RIL population. Three QTLs for plant height (PH) were detected on chromosomes 4 and 8 and showed from 16.01% (qPH8) to 19.85% (qPH4a) of phenotypic variance. Five QTLs related to ear height (EH) were identifed on chromosomes 3, 4, and 6 and accounted for 3.79% (qEH6) to 27.57% (qEH4b) of phenotypic variance. Five QTLs related to water content (WC) on chromosomes 1, 4, 8, and 9 accounted for 9.55% (qWC8b) to 23.30% (qWC4) of phenotypic variance. One QTL (qAC9) relating to amylose content (AC) on chromosome 9 showed 82.10% of phenotypic variance. Conclusions The high-density linkage map and putative QTLs of the maize RIL population detected in this study can be efectively utilized in waxy and normal maize breeding programs to facilitate the selection process through marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding programs.

Construction of a resequencing-based high-density genetic map for grape using an interspecific population (Vitis amurensis × Vitis vinifera)

Shi Guangli,Sun Dan,Wang Zhenxing,Liu Xiaoying,Guo Jianhui,Zhang Susu,Zhao Ying,Ai Jun 한국원예학회 2022 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.63 No.4

A high-density genetic map is a prerequisite for marker-assisted selection of crop species. Here, we developed a high-density genetic map of Vitis using 92 F1 progeny derived from the cross between two wine grape cultivars, ‘Shuanghong’ and ‘Italian Riesling’. Whole genome resequencing (WGS) technology was used to generate SNP markers for the map. The map consisted of 1351 recombination bin markers (210,873 SNPs), distributed on 19 linkage groups (LGs), with an average distance of 0.65 cM between adjacent bin markers and a map distance of 860.46 cM. The high levels of uniform coverage and collinearity between the 19 LGs and the grape reference genome indicated that the map is of high quality and can serve as a powerful platform for evaluating grapevines and deciphering the genetic mechanism of important economic and agronomic traits. Our findings will facilitate the process of mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control important horticultural and economic traits of grape.

Hot Deformation Behaviors and Process Parameters Optimization of Low-Density High-Strength Fe–Mn–Al–C Alloy Steel

Peng Wan,Huixiang Yu,Feng Li,Pengfei Gao,Lei Zhang,Zhengzhi Zhao 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.10

The hot deformation behavior of low-density high-strength Fe–Mn–Al–C alloy steel at T = 900-1150 °C and ̇ = 0.01-10 s−1was studied by the Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator. The rheological stress curve characteristics of the steel wereanalyzed through experimental data, and a physical constitutive model considering strain coupling was established. At thesame time, the finite element software DEFORM was used to calculate the critical damage value of the steel, and the influenceof T and ̇ on the maximum damage value was considered. By introducing the dimensionless parameter Zener–Hollomon, thecritical damage model was established. Finally, the workability of the steel was evaluated by using the intuitive processingmap technology. The results indicated that Fe–Mn–Al–C alloy steel is a positive strain rate-sensitive and a negative temperature-sensitive material, and the constitutive model considering physical parameters can well predict the rheological stress ofthe steel during hot deformation (R = 0.997). The critical damage factor of Fe–Mn–Al–C alloy steel varies with the changeof T and ̇ , and the range is 0.359-0.535. At the same time, the critical damage factor is more sensitive to ̇ . At a constantT, the damage factor decreases with the increase of ̇ . Based on the Prasad instability criterion, the dynamic material modelprocessing map and the microstructure verification after thermal compression, the rheological instability characteristics ofthe steel are mainly mechanical instability and local plastic flow, and the stable deformation area is mainly characterized bydynamic recrystallization. The optimal hot working process window of the steel is 975-1050 °C/0.01-0.032 s−1.

경사지 노후 주거지역 리모델링 효과를 통한 시나리오 분석

한동익,윤성환 대한건축학회 2020 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.36 No.6

In this study, a map was prepared to predict the eco-friendly remodeling effect of improving the insulation performance while protecting theliving environment of existing residents and maintaining a comfortable life considering the characteristics of high-density sloped residentialareas. Through this, the standard proposed by scenario is proposed for each building type in the target area. It then analyzes the optimalscenario based on energy efficiency, economic analysis, and carbon emission improvement. It is possible as basic information for remodelingeach house in a sloping area. In terms of energy efficiency, the insulation applied to all parts is the most effective in terms of energy andeconomy, the composition of the window system is the most effective, and in the carbon emission improvement., it is most effective toapply insulation to all parts. Considering everything, the installation of wall insulation is the most effective. 본 연구에서는 경사지 주거밀집지역을 대상으로 단열성능 향상에 따른 친환경 리모델링 효과 예측을 위한 시나리오별 맵을 작성하여 최적의 단열 조건 제안하였다. 에너지 효율 측면에서는 에너지 절감과 탄소 배출량 감소가 우수하게 나타난다. 경제적 효과 측면에서는 리모델링 공사비용만 가장 저렴하게 나타났다. 탄소 배출량 개선측면에서는 에너지 효율 측면보다 모두 낮은 결과가 나왔지만 비슷한 효과를 나타낸다. 3가지 방안을 종합적으로 분석시 공사비용에 비해 에너지 절감과 탄소 배출량 저감의 결과가 많이 감소하는 것을 알 수 있었다.

콩 소청2호의 균주 특이적인 역병 저항성 유전자좌

장영은,장익현,강인정,김지민,강성택,이성우 한국육종학회 2020 한국육종학회지 Vol.52 No.4

Phytophthora root rot attributable to infection by the soil-borne oomycete Phytophthora sojae causes serious damage to susceptiblesoybeans grown in poorly drained soil. Management of this disease depends primarily on Rps (resistance to P. sojae) resistance genes. Theobjective of this study was to map resistance to two P. sojae isolates (40412 and 2457) in a Daepung × Socheong2 recombinant inbred linepopulation. Of these two varieties, Socheong2 is resistant to the two isolates, whereas Daepung is susceptible. Single-marker analysis of varianceand linkage analyses using a high-density genetic map identified different resistance loci for each isolate. A genomic region of 36.2~37.4Mbp on chromosome 3 was identified as being associated with resistance to isolate 40412, explaining 18% of the phenotypic variance (PV),whereas, a 2.1~2.6-Mbp region on chromosome 18 was significantly associated with resistance to isolate 2457, accounting for approximately26% of the PV. An additional region of 53.1~53.3 Mbp on chromosome 18 was also significantly associated with resistance to isolate 2457. All three loci coincide with genomic regions where an Rps gene or partial resistance have been mapped in previous studies. The respectivelocus showed significance for only one or the other of the isolates, indicating an isolate-specific interaction. From this finding, it can beinferred that isolates 40412 and 2457 are characterized by different avirulence genes, and that Socheong2 has at least two Rps genes thatinteract with each isolate. The finding of multiple Rps loci specific to an isolate within a single soybean genotype is a unique discovery. Socheong2 will accordingly be a useful genetic source for breeding resistance to multiple P. sojae isolates.

Development of a High Density Neuroimaging System Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

M. Atif Yaqub,Amad Zafar,Usman Ghafoor,Keum-Shik Hong 제어로봇시스템학회 2018 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.10

The progress in the field of neuroscience is critical in our rapidly aging society as the fatality rate due to brain degenerative diseases is rising. Recently, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has established its application in measuring the blood chromophores’ concentration changes during an activity. In this developmental study, we have introduced our lab-developed fNIRS system that is able to compute the concentration changes in oxy-hemoglobin and deoxy-hemoglobin from the optical NIR light signals. We have employed 128 dual wavelength light emitting diodes (LEDs) of 735 nm and 850 nm in the designed system. LED driving circuit was designed by using serial peripheral interface based output expansion chips. A single photodiode (PD) was used for measuring the NIR light intensity received after passing through the brain tissue and getting absorbed and scattered in the process. Our system uses a battery for supplying power to the system. A wireless communication module was interfaced with the system for transferring the fNIRS data to our developed software running on a host computer. The software is capable of displaying the real-time data and record it for future processing. To test the functionality of the system, a phantom brain model was used. The LED and PD were attached to the phantom and multiple combinations of LEDs were tested to provide robust data. Our lab-developed fNIRS system showed the acquired intensity values for both wavelengths which corresponds to hemoglobin changes in 128 channels.